2023年注册会计师财务管理英语.doc

Section BSection CSection B【Management Accounting】所有成本法（吸取成本法）和变动成本法（边际成本法）及本量利分析Absorption costing吸取成本法（所有成本法）Marginal costing变动成本法（边际成本法）Cost-volume-profit （CVP）本量利分析Direct material直接材料Direct labor直接人工Marginal contribution边际奉献Margin of safety安全边际Variable cost变动成本Fixed cost固定成本QuestionParagraph1Pinafore Ltd manufactures and sells a single product. The budgeted profit statement for this month, which has been prepared using marginal costing principles, is as follows:Manufacture制造；生产A single product单一产品Budgeted profit预算利润Profit statement利润表Principle原则As follows如下Sales（24,000 units）864Less Variable production cost of sales:Opening stock （3,000 units） 69Production （22,000 units） 506Closing stock （1,000 units）（23） （552） 312Less Variable selling cost （60） Contribution 252Less Fixed overhead costs: 125Production40Selling and administration（165）Net profit87Opening stock存货旳期初余额Closing stock存货旳期末余额Selling cost销售成本Contribution奉献Fixed overhead固定制造费用Administration行政管理费用The normal monthly level of production is 25,000 units and stocks are valued at standard cost.Required:（a） Prepare in full a budgeted profit statement for this month using absorption costing principles. Assume that fixed production overhead costs are absorbed using the normal level of activity. （6 marks）（b） Prepare a statement that reconciles the net profit calculated in （a） with the net profit using marginal costing. （2 marks）（c） Which of the two costing principles （ absorption or marginal ） is more relevant for short-run decision-making, and why? （2 marks）（10 marks）Normal正常Monthly每月Value估值Standard cost原则成本Level of activity生产水平Reconcile调整Short-run = short-term短期Decision-making决策Relevant有关Break-even保本点；盈亏分界点Question2Pointdextre Ltd, which manufactures and sells a single product, is currently producing and selling 102,000 units per month, which represents 85% of its full capacity. Total monthly costs are 619,000 but at full capacity these would be 700,000. Total fixed costs would remain unchanged at all activity levels up to full capacity. The normal selling price of the product results in a contribution to sales ratio of 40%.Represent代表Full capacity满负荷生产能力Remain unchanged保持不变Contribution to sales ratio销售奉献率A new customer has offered to take a monthly delivery of 15,000 units at a price per unit 20% below the normal selling price. If this new business is accepted, existing sales are expected to fall by one unit for every six units sold to this new customer.New customer新客户Offer报价Delivery运送Below在之下Accept接受Fall下降One unit for every six units每六个对应一种Required:（a） For the current production and sales level, calculate:（i） the variable cost per unit;（ii） the total monthly fixed costs;（iii） the selling price per unit;（iv） the contribution per unit. （6 marks）（b） Calculate the net increase or decrease in monthly profit which would result from acceptance of the new business. （4 marks）（c） In the context of decision making, explain the term opportunity cost and illustrate your answer by reference to Pointdextre Ltd. （2 marks）（12 marks）Opportunity cost机会成本Reference to参照Context在语境中Explain解释Illustrate阐明Section cWorking capital management（营运资本管理）Creditor债权人（trade payable）Raw material原材料Work in process（WIP）在产品Finished goods产成品Debtor债务人（trade receivable）Collection收款Re-orderLead-timeCertaintyKnownDemandStock（inventory）BufferStock outWhere Co= fixed costs （order set-up） per orderD=expected annual sales volumeCH=holding cost per stock unit per annumFor Warallington, EOQ=Total annual costs for the company will comprise holding costs plus re-ordering costs=（Average stockCH） +（Number of re-orders pa CO）（3.162/21.20）+（30,000/3.162200）=1,897.20+1,897.53=3,794.73EOQ （economic order quantity）Order costHold costLarge order discountProbabilityBaumol cash management modelDisbursement支付SecurityVarianceTransaction costUpper limitReturn pointLower limit