2023年考研英语二真题及答案.doc
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1、2023年考研英语二真题及参照答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behin
2、d the explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber czar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place a “voluntary identi
3、fy” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of pri
4、vate online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among compan
5、ies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosy
6、stem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that su
7、ch an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed
8、 to drive on public roads.1. A. sweptB. skippedC. walkedD. ridden2. A. forB. withinC. whileD. though3. A. carelessB. lawlessC. pointlessD. helpless4. A. reasonB. reminderC. compromiseD. proposal5. A. information B. interferenceC. entertainmentD. equivalent6. A. byB. intoC. fromD. over7. A. linkedB.
9、directedC. chainedD. compared8. A. dismissB. discoverC. createD. improve9. A. recallB. suggestC. selectD. realize10. A. releasedB. issuedC. distributedD. delivered11. A. carry onB. linger onC. set inD. log in12. A. In vainB. In effectC. In returnD. In contrast13. A. trustedB. modernizedC. thrivingD.
10、 competing14. A. cautionB. delightC. confidenceD. patience15. A. onB. afterC. beyondD. across16. A. dividedB. disappointed C. protectedD. united17. A. frequentlyB. incidentallyC. occasionally D. eventually18. A. skepticism B. tolerance C. indifferenceD. enthusiasm19. A. manageableB. defendableC. vul
11、nerableD. invisible20. A. invitedB. appointedC. allowedD. forced参照答案:1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40poin
12、ts)Text 1 The Economist May 4th 2023 ADCABRuth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2023: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade, she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2023, M
13、s. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee, how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve
14、as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based
15、 on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2023. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason f
16、or departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being
17、named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jum
18、ping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history show
19、s they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simm
20、ons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investorsB. unbiased executivesC. share price forecastersD. indepen
21、dent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
22、 outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .A. permissiveB. positi
23、veC. scornfulD. criticalText 2 The Economist Jun 10th 2023 DBCAAWhatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chro
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- 2023 考研 英语 二真题 答案
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