八年级下学期.pptx

Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense现在完成时态一、一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）（过去分词）I _(finish)the composition already.He _(learn)English for three years.We/You/They.She.have finishedhas learned过去分词的构成过去分词的构成规则形式规则形式-ed不规则形式不规则形式repair-repaired-e+d(见表格见表格121)like/live/move/love双写辅音双写辅音+edstop/mop/travel现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。She has gone.(She has gone.(她走了。她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出以看出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。He speaks French so fluently.He learned it in Paris.He was there for two years.He has studied French.(他学过法语。他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look!The blackboard is so clean now.He has cleaned the blackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。现在完成时用法（一）现在完成时用法（一）过去过去的的(结束性结束性)动作产生的影响或结动作产生的影响或结果果现在现在还存在还存在。1.常用常用短暂性动词短暂性动词做谓语动词做谓语动词.如如arrive,get,finish,borrow,open,stop,begin,go,come,die,fall,2.时间状语常用时间状语常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once(一次一次),recently 等等 不具体不具体的过去时间的过去时间 或或不带有不带有时间状语时间状语I_(do)myhomeworkalready.He_(notfinished)hishomeworkyet._youever_(be)toHaiwaii?We_never_(see)suchanexcitingmatchbefore.Mother_just_(clean)thehouse.Pleasedontcomein.They_(practice)thisdialoguetwice.havedonehasnotfinishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhavepracticedI_(nothear)fromheryet._they_(be)hererecently?Yes,theyhave.I_(be)busyrecently.-_yourfatherever_(travel)toNewYork?-No,never.He_(nottravel)byplaneyet.haventheardHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhasnttravelled注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet.yet.I havent seen the film named King Lion yet.I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet.Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.I have already seen the film named King Lion.For.SinceHowlonghave/hassb.?livedlearnedownedThedoorhasbeenopenforawholeday.Thewindowshavebeenclosedsince7:30Ihavehadthisbikeforayear/sincelastyear.Myteachershavebeenbusy/freethesedays.现在完成时用法二:过去过去开始的开始的动作或状态一直持续动作或状态一直持续到到现在现在1.常用常用延续性动词延续性动词,如如be,sleep,live,learn,stay,have,keep,work,walk,2.时间状语须表达时间状语须表达过去到现在的过去到现在的一段时间一段时间.fortwoyearssofarsince短语短语,duringthepast2yearssince从句从句inthepast2years表示一段时间的表示一段时间的主要结构主要结构2000lastweekyesterday(evening)threeweeksagohejoinedthePartytwoyearsago 1.for two weeks/years/hours/2.sincesince过去某一点时间过去某一点时间 或过去某一结束性动词或过去某一结束性动词标志词：标志词：for+一段时间一段时间,since+过去的时间点过去的时间点,theseyears,sofar,inthepast/lastyearsWe_(learn)Englishforthreeyears/sincetwoyearsago/since2000.Mr.Green_(be)inChinatheseyears.They_(write)15songssofar.Thepopulation_(grow)moreslowlyinthepasttenyears.havelearnedhasbeenhavewrittenhasgrown1.TheJiangs_(live)hereforalmosttenyears.2.He_(work)inthefactorysince1994.3.Hisparent_(teach)inthisschoolsincetheycametothecity.4.Thechild_(sleep)sincetwohoursago.havelivedhasworkedhastaughthassleptWork in pairs:Doctor:Whats wrong with you,young man?Man:Maybe I _(catch)a cold.D :How long _ you _(be)like this?M :_ yesterday morning.D :_ you _(take)the temperature yet?M :No,_ yet.D :.Oh,you have had a little fever._you_(take)any medicine yet?M :I _(take)some aspirin this morning.D :How many pills _you ever_(take)so far?M :About four pills.D :Ok.Its nothing serious.Dont worry.You have to stay in bed for a few hours drink plenty of water.Youll be better tomorrow.have caughthave beenSinceHave takennotHavetakentookhavetakenWork in pairs:P17Imustsay(that)sb/sthisthebest/Ihaveseen.most.Workinpairs:A:WhatplacesinChinahaveyouvisited?B:.A:Haveyouevertravelled.by.?B:.A:Bytheway,whendidyougoto.?B:.Imustsaythatitsthemostbeautiful/interestingplaceIhave现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。生过这一动作，与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。He has studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。He studied English for five years.（说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过过去某一年，去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时当有当有just,already,yet,sofar,inthepast/lastfewdays(在过去在过去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时现在完成时和一般过去时He _(work)in our school for one year.He _(come)to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook)the supper already.They _(cook)the supper half an hour ago.He _just _(pass)the exam.He _(pass)the exam just now.hasworkedcamehavecookedcookedhaspassedpassed1.-_thefilm_(开始开始)?-Yes,it_(开始开始)tenminutesago.2.I_(读读)thisbook.I_(读读)itlastSunday.3._you_(完成完成)yourhomework?Yes.When_you_(完成完成)it?Aminuteago.4.Iwontseethefilm.I_it(看了看了).I_(看看)itlastweek.5.-I_(找到找到)awatchalready.-Where_you_it?-Intheplayground.ClassbeganfiveminutesagoClasshasbeenonforfiveminutes.短暂性动词短暂性动词转换为转换为延续性动词延续性动词1.buy-have(我买电脑两年了我买电脑两年了.)2.borrow-keep(他借这本书三个星期他借这本书三个星期.)3.begintosleep/study/去掉去掉beginto(他已睡了半个小时了他已睡了半个小时了.)4.moveinto-livein(他已搬进来三个月了他已搬进来三个月了.)5.leavehome-beawayfromhome(我已离家一年我已离家一年.)6.fallill-beill(Helen病了一周了病了一周了)7.jointhegroup-beinthegroupbeamemberof(我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了.)8.die-bedead(我爷爷死了两个月了我爷爷死了两个月了)9.getup-beup(他已起床一刻钟了他已起床一刻钟了.)10.begin-beon(会议已开始十分钟会议已开始十分钟.)eto/arrivein/getto-bein(他已到南京三天了他已到南京三天了.)12.open/close-beopen/beclosed(门开门开/关了十分钟了关了十分钟了)1.turnontheradio-keeptheradioonHeturnedontheradioanhourago.He_theradio_foranhour.Theradio_foranhour.2.openthedoor-keepthedooropenIopenedthedoortwentyminutesago.I_thedoor_for20minutes.Thedoor_for20minutes.has kept onhas been onhave kept openhas been openhave/hasgonetohave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento 1.A:WheresJim,LiLei?B:He_hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_Chinaforthreeyears.We_theGreatWalltwice.Itsverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.Bye-bye!Bye-bye!表示动作或状态从过去开始一表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来直延续到现在甚至将来Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike haskept the books for two days.所用的动词无延续性所用的动词无延续性,不与一段时间连用不与一段时间连用HehascometoChinafortwoyears.(X)cometoarrivein/at.beingettoHehasbeeninChinafortwoyears.since two yearsago.BeijingMuseumexhibitions/,eksibin/century/sentri/BeijingspastandpresenthavecollectedA:_you_(see)theexhibitionsrecently?B:Yes,I_oneatBeijingMuseum.A:Whatsitabout?B:I_(forget)thetitle.Itsaboutthechangesoverthepastcentury.I_(learn)alotaboutBeijings_and_.Haveseenhaveseenhaveforgottenhavelearnedpastpresent