2023年真题一大学英语四级考试试题.doc
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1、2023年12月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofCreating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色旳环境3. 为了建设绿色校园,我们应当Creating a
2、Green CampusPart Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For quest
3、ion 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still mattera lotto many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of
4、 the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its
5、average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scho
6、larships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2023.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, f
7、or example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who dont meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients st
8、ill pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “Theyre trying to buy students,” says Skidmore C
9、ollege economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which ha
10、s offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Reports ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inze
11、r says, but “to be discounting the price for families that dont need financial aid doesnt feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growin
12、g faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2023-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the states public institutions.But in recent
13、 years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that theres this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises conce
14、rns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,” sa
15、ys Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round thats going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by
16、themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who dont qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.Thats one reason Allegheny College doesnt plan
17、 to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Alleghenys vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking
18、another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, were playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education.
19、But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, its not just about the lowest-income people. Its the average American middle-class family whos being priced out of the market.”A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in
20、 a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. Howe
21、ver, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their sch
22、ool or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a c
23、oach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit
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