2023年中考阅读理解归纳概括性题目解题方法及练习.doc

中考阅读理解归纳概括性题目解题措施及练习

归纳概括性题目规定在阅读和理解全文基本上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。例如波及文章标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文基本上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐信息。
    归纳概括性阅读理解题常用题干:
   1. The passage mainly shows us __________.
   2. The passage is mainly about ____________.
   3. The best title of the story is _____________.
   4. The main idea of the passage is that __________.
   5. The story tell us “__________ ”  
   6. The writer is mainly talking about ___________.
   7.Which of the following is the best title?
   8. From the text we can conclude( 得出结论)  that________.

Passage 1
　　Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.
　　He usually went to the seaside，but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”
“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding，walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”
　　He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July，he left for West Hill Farm.
　　But four days later，he returned home.
　　“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend，Ed，asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”
　　“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”
　　“Oh. What?”
　　“Well,” he said，“the first day I was there a sheep died，and we had roast mutton for dinner.”
　　“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”
　　“I know，but on the second day a cow died，and we had roast beef for dinner.”
　　“Lucky you!”
　　“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”
　　“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly，“ and you are complaining!”
　　“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died，and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!”
1.Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What a beautiful farm！B. Have a good time.　C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.
【答案与解析】假日里，亨利喜欢到海边去旅游。有一次，她想去西山农场享有一下田园风光，并筹划在那儿度过一种月时间。可是令人惊奇是，才去四天之后她就回来了。当朋友问起其中缘由时，亨利说道：第一天，农场里死了一只羊，晚餐时美美地吃了一顿烤羊肉；第二天农场死了一头牛，又吃了一顿烧牛肉；第三天农场死了一头猪，成果又吃了一顿烤猪肉。可是，到了第四天，农场主死了，我不敢再留下来吃饭了。
　1. C。本来打算要在乡村农场过一种暑假，成果四天之后就回来了。这能不是个短暂假期吗？用此作标题既切合题意，又具有风趣味道。
Passage 2
　　It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (试验) that can make something disappear，when one eye is open.
　　Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it，L on the left and R on the right. First，hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now，as you move the card slowly towards you，you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face，the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed，you’ll find the letter R disappearing.
Why does the letter disappear?It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot，it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears.
　   5. The passage mainly (重要) tells us _______.
　　A. how to find the blind spot    B. an interesting experiment
　　C. where the blind spot is      D. there is blind spot on the eye
Passage 2　【答案与解析】这篇科普阐明文通过一种简易小试验，证明了人眼睛里有一种盲点。当外界物体影像落在盲点上时，人就看不见该物体了。
   5.D。通篇考虑短文，可知D为最佳答案。这由文首一句及“…It is because there is a blind spot on the eye.”也可得出。
       归纳概括性题目一般都是阅读理解最终那道题，一般只要能看懂文章重要意思就能判断出来，每次考试中都会有一到三道这样题目，下面给人们提供两个练习，但愿你做过之后可以掌握措施，每次考试都能将此类题目分得到。
       I have loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair，looking at the ink bottle，pens，and white paper，I decided that the act of wring must be the most wonderful thing in the world
      Years later，during her final illness，Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again，“ is for Elizabeth.”

  I never saw her angry，never saw her cry. I knew she loved me；she showed it in action. But as a young girl，I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”.
   As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
   I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.
 My hope turned to disappointment，then little interest and，finally，peace，it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it，and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
   Now the present of her desk told me，as she had never been able to，that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside— a photo of my father and a one-page letter，folded and refolded many times.
   Give me an answer，my letter asks，in any way you choose. Mother，you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
(  C  ) What ’s the best title of the passage?
      A. My letter to mother
      B. Mother and Children
      C. My mother’s desk
      D. Talks between Mother and me Passage 2
　　In 1998，World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball，a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors：red，blue and white. Interestingly enough，the French national flag happened to be in three colors，too. Besides，32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by，more pieces of leather were used，from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now.
　　About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper that the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed.
　　After trying the ball for some time，a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional (老式) black and white one，and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. Another footballer said that there would be more goals. “For the player on the ground，the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals,” he said.
1.What’s the best title for this passage?
　　A. Football of New Kind B. 98 World Cup Football Match
　　C. Goalkeepers and Players D. Three-color Flag of France

　　【答案与解析】这篇短文大意是：1998年在法国举行世界杯足球赛实行了新规则。比赛中使用红、白、黄三色相间球。这种球由32块皮革缝制而成，十分凑巧是，当时恰好有32支球队参赛。足球制造商在此之前提醒守门员，说这种球沿直线飞行，速度极快。试用一段时间之后，球员发现这种球与老式黑白相间二色球有很大不一样。这种球更轻易控制，但守门员很难抓到，在一场球赛中有也许进更多球。

　1.A。全文围绕这种由32块皮制成红、白、蓝相间新式足球作了详细简介，故答案非A莫属。