完形填空解题学案逻辑关系省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

完形填空解题策略完形填空解题策略-借助借助“逻辑关系逻辑关系”伎俩，伎俩，推导主旨脉络推导主旨脉络 第1页-TIME IS UP!-Warming up exercises第2页I.请依据前后类比关系类比关系在空格中拼写出一个单词。例：Skyscrapers are to cities as fields are to _.1.Stars are to _ as sand grains are to beach.2.Hat is to head as _ are to hands.3.Panda is to China as Kangaroo is to _.4.Water is to _as earth is to land.5.Shops are to customers as planes are to _.universe(宇宙宇宙)gloves(手套手套)Australiaocean(海洋海洋)passengers(乘客乘客)countryside第3页II.依据逻辑关系逻辑关系和划线部分提醒语，推导出一个正确单词并填写在空格中。例：He is _ for class,because he is stuck in the traffic jam.1.Mr.Brown is a teacher;he works in the _.2.KFC staff work not only in the day,but also during the _.3.It is so urgent that he has _ time to explain more.4.Linda _ and fell down the stairs because the floor was wet.5.Time is very valuable.We must _our time.schoolnightnoslippedtreasure/cherish/valuelate第4页Self observation第5页借助“逻辑关系”伎俩，推导主旨脉络 我们知道：汉语重意合，英语重形合。英语语篇非常追求逻辑严谨，而逻辑严谨达成主要经过使用众多连接词来实现。英语语篇中常见逻辑关系有以下七种：1)平行或递进关系；2)转折关系；3)目标或因果关系；4)层次或次序关系；5)例举关系；6)解释说明关系；7)归纳总结关系。在做完形填空题时，要学会分析“逻辑关系”，推导脉络与主旨。第6页分分类类释义释义练习练习1.平行或递进关系连接词有：and，or，also，as well(as)，likewise，similarly，at the same time，bothand，besides，furthermore，in addition(to)，moreover，worse still等。这些连接词表明下文将出现与前面同类性质内容，或是对前面内容深入阐述。【例l】When Alice started to cycle home from Jennys house,she wasnt nervous.She was certainly not afraid of the dark.36 _,it was only a 15-minute ride home.36.A.However B.BesidesC.Therefore D.Otherwise2.转折关系连接词有：although，but，however，instead，nevertheless，on the contrary，otherwise，to the opposite，while，yet等。这些连接词表明下文讲述将是相反或全新内容或观点，需要格外注意。此时应放慢阅读速度，多留心上下文在意义上转变。【例2】Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.56 ,it is a major stage of the writing process,and writers revise every step of the way.56.A.However B.MoreoverC.Instead D.Therefore由前文由前文“她并不怕黑她并不怕黑”和后文和后文“这仅仅只是这仅仅只是15分钟分钟车程车程”可知，前后文表示递进关系可知，前后文表示递进关系文段意思是文段意思是“修改并不但仅是你即将完成一件任务修改并不但仅是你即将完成一件任务时草草收尾；相反，它是创作过程一个关键步骤，时草草收尾；相反，它是创作过程一个关键步骤，而且作家在这个过程中都在不停地修改而且作家在这个过程中都在不停地修改”，后一句，后一句完全推翻了前一句意思。完全推翻了前一句意思。第7页3.目标或因果关系连接词有：as，as a result，because(of)，consequently，due to，for，now that，since，so，sothat，suchthat，therefore，thus等。这些连接词也是帮助了解行文思绪有用信号。【例3】When I read these definitions,I am repeatedly exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.55 this,I can express myself more easily in English.55.A.According to B.In relation toC.In addition to D.Because of4.层次、次序关系连接词有：after(that)，another，before，first(1y)，second(1y)，third(1y).at last，finally.1ater on，next，then，on the one hand等。经过它们能快速理清文章基本脉络。【例4】Supporters claim that there are many benefits of service learning.Perhaps most importantly，students are forced to thinkthe needs of others.Students are also able to learn.working as part of a team.45 ,students can explore possible careers through service learning.45.A.Gradually B.FinallyC.Luckily D.Hopefully前文意思是前文意思是“当我阅读这些定义时候，我就重复接触到基本当我阅读这些定义时候，我就重复接触到基本词汇，并学习它们怎样描述事物和想法词汇，并学习它们怎样描述事物和想法”；后文意思是；后文意思是“我我能够用英语更轻松地表示能够用英语更轻松地表示”。可见，中间连接词应表示因果。可见，中间连接词应表示因果关系。关系。开头说到服务学习有很多好处，然后列举了三种好处。表示开头说到服务学习有很多好处，然后列举了三种好处。表示层次信息词层次信息词most importantly（最主要是），（最主要是），also（也），（也），可知空格应选可知空格应选finally（最终）来引出最终一个好处。（最终）来引出最终一个好处。第8页5.例举关系连接词有：for example，for instance，for one thing，for another，such as等。这些词表明下文将给出详细例子。【例5】The first attempt of even the most talented artists,musicians,and writers is seldom a masterpiece.If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排),of tryouts,revising will seem a natural part.For instance,Llovd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.53.A.rewrote B.releasedC.recorded D.reserved6.解释说明关系连接词有：in other words，namely，that is等，表明下文将对上文作深入解释说明。【例 6】What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through?The answer is adding,deleting,replacing,reordering,一 51 ,revising.51.A.in particular B.as a resultC.for example D.in other words前文说明观点前文说明观点“即使是最有天份艺术家、音乐家、作家，他们即使是最有天份艺术家、音乐家、作家，他们第一件作品也极少是杰作第一件作品也极少是杰作修改看起来像一个非常自然过程修改看起来像一个非常自然过程”，中间有连接词，中间有连接词For instance，表明后文将举例说明，所以正，表明后文将举例说明，所以正解应与解应与revising意义相近。意义相近。adding(增加增加)、deleting(删除删除)、replacing(替换替换)、reordering(重新排序重新排序)都是都是revising(修改修改)下义词，即被下义词，即被revising包含在内，所以连接词应表示深入解释说明关系。包含在内，所以连接词应表示深入解释说明关系。第9页7.归纳总结连接词有：as a result，so，briefly，in a word，in brief，in short，on the whole，to sum up等。这些词表明下文将进行归纳或总结。【例 7】So 30 ,Nobel had to die before he realized what his 1ife was really about.30.A.generally B.basicallyC.usually D.certainly从语义上判断，从语义上判断，so在这里表示总结：诺贝尔得在这里表示总结：诺贝尔得“死死”过一过一次，才能认识到人生真谛。所以副词应选择次，才能认识到人生真谛。所以副词应选择basically(基基本上，从根本上说本上，从根本上说)。第10页Self development第11页练习属于哪种“逻辑关系”？1)I met Mrs.Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors.Almost instantly I loved her.She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking,36 she was encouraging and inspiring.36.A.and B.yet C.so D.for2)Have I given my readers all of the 63 ,that is,facts,opinions,inferences-that they need in order to understand my main idea?63.A.angles B.evidence C.information D.hints3)“.This is not the worst boy at all,41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet(释放路径)for his enthusiasm.”41.A.but B.so C.and D.or4)The purse had him take a seat in the waiting area.it would be at least 40 minutes _38 someone would be able to see him.38.A.if B.before C.since D.after转折关系转折关系解释说明解释说明关系关系转折关系转折关系次序关系次序关系第12页5)Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners,none of my classmates had one 38 ,to be honest,I found it extremely difficult to use at first.38.A.but B.so C.or D.and6)As I found out,there isoften no perfect equivalence(对应)between two in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as tothat a Chinese“equivalent can never give you the exact meaning of a word in English!50 ,she insisted that I read the definition(定定义义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.50.A.Rather B.However C.Therefore D.Instead7)I will give 23 .A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting.23.A.an example B.a lesson C.an experience D.a talk8)Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors,4 maths,physics,and biology,and art majors,like history,Chinese and philosophy(哲学).4.A.for example B.such as C.and so on D.as a result平行关系平行关系因果关系因果关系例举关系例举关系例举关系例举关系第13页Self promotion第14页1)(因果关系)In Hindi,the name 4 “child donation”,because many children depend on international charity projects like Baal Dan.4.A.helps B.follows C.replaces D.means2)(例举关系)many students want to.and study in these 3 such as foreign languages,international business and law,etc.3.A.places B.rooms C.areas D.spaces3)(转折关系)Have you ever seen snow?The British usually expect one or two snowfalls each year but the amount of snow 1 affects everyday life.However,this week Britain has had the worst snow it has seen in around 18 years.Some places had more than 30cm in a day.1.A.usually B.actually C.rarely D.severely 1请依据所给请依据所给“逻辑关系逻辑关系”提醒，选择最正确选项。提醒，选择最正确选项。第15页4)(平行关系)In London,the bus 4 was withdrawn for a day and subways and trains were cancelled.Major motorways in the country had to close.4.A.service B.driving C.repair D.supply5)(转折关系)The committee(立法委员会)called for immediate action,but did note that Japan had already put in place 10 laws to promote gender equality.10.A.few B.numerous C.limited D.efficient6)(因果关系)Now,the guys who dont play know they can 9 affect the game by cheering so they scream and cheer when Garnett,Allen and Pierce are playing.9.A.still B.seldom C.rarely D.slightly第16页2完成以下练习，并说出各自所属完成以下练习，并说出各自所属“逻辑关系逻辑关系”类别。类别。练习属于哪种“逻辑关系”类型？1)Two weeks later our teacher read a statement from our head teacher explaining the cameras were to be used for teacher training purposes alone,that the system was not 9 switched on,and that we would be warned once it was meant to go live.9.A.currently B.commonly C.usually D.lately2)To forgive may be divine,but no one said it was easy.But forgiveness is possible-it can 2 benefit your physical and mental health.2.A.hardly B.thrillingly C.disappointedly D.surprisingly3)The total production of Norman trees in Europe is about 30 million trees per year while the 7 is 33 million to 35 million.7.A.production B.demand C.possession D.volumes平行或平行或者递进者递进关系关系转折关转折关系系转折或转折或者对比者对比关系关系第17页4)Growers are now planting 10 trees,but a Nordman needs 10 years to grow,so prices are likely to keep rising for the next years.10.A.fewer B.more C.1arger D.shorter5)The variety of Halloween costumes is 3 ,so it is quite easy to find a costume that is fun and fanciful.3.A.powerful B.rare C.endless D.necessary6)Red is used for signs of 2 ,such as stop signs and fire engines.2.A.roads B.ways C.danger D.places7)After junior high school,students attend schools based on standardized high school entrance examination scores.As a result,some students travel a great distance to _4_ the schoo1.4.A.go B.leave C.attend D.continue转折关转折关系和因系和因果关系果关系因果关因果关系系例举关例举关系系因果关因果关系系The more conjunctions（连词）we find out,the more scores we get!第18页 第19页Practice makes perfect!Lets apply our skills to the cloze.第20页逻辑关系逻辑关系41.(全国全国卷卷54)But even that challenge he accepted,I helped him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally _ on the other side,he said to me A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe?被投下被投下准备好准备好被困被困安全安全因因果果第21页41.D 因果关系。因为因果关系。因为“我帮助他慢慢我帮助他慢慢翻越栅栏翻越栅栏”所以所以“我们终于平安我们终于平安(safe)抵达栅栏另一边抵达栅栏另一边”，故选，故选D。Dropped(被降落被降落)，ready(准备好准备好)和和trapped(被被困在困在)与语境不符。与语境不符。第22页42.(全国全国卷卷55)That season,I broke all of Millers records We went 101 and I was named most valuable player he said to me,“You know,I didnt tell you this during the season,but you did_.Thank you for filling in forA.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally42.A 因果关系。因果关系。因为做得好因为做得好(did fine)所以才所以才thank you，故选，故选A。wrong(错误地错误地),quickly(快速地快速地)和和normally(正常地正常地)与语境不符。与语境不符。?很好很好错误地错误地 快地快地正常地正常地果果因因第23页43.(全国全国卷卷48)Rani,my faceless agent whom Id never met in person,got me rock bottom prices on airfares,cars,and hotels.But her cold voice really _ me.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused?使不悦使不悦使感兴趣使感兴趣使泄气使泄气使迷惑使迷惑 转折转折令人开心事令人开心事第24页43.A 转折关系。转折关系。作者这个旅行代理人总作者这个旅行代理人总能给他最低价格能给他最低价格(rock bottom prices)，这，这是令作者开心事，不过她冷冰冰声音让是令作者开心事，不过她冷冰冰声音让作者不开心作者不开心(annoyed)，故选，故选A。interested(使感兴趣使感兴趣)，discouraged(使沮使沮丧丧)，confused(使迷惑不解使迷惑不解)与语境不符。与语境不符。第25页44.(全国全国卷卷43)Everything they know about you came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away._ they feel they can know you from the sound of your voice.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed44.B 转折关系。转折关系。前文前文“他们对你了解全他们对你了解全部经过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远地方部经过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远地方”，与，与“他们以为他们能经过你声音了解你他们以为他们能经过你声音了解你”是转折关系，故选是转折关系，故选B。thus(所以所以)，then(那那么么)，indeed(确实确实)不合语境。不合语境。转折关系转折关系所以所以然而然而然后然后,那么那么确实?第26页45.(全国全国卷卷46)Yet they feel they can know you only from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the telephone is.Powerful,yes,but not always _.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate45.D 转折关系。转折关系。即使电话很强大，不过即使电话很强大，不过(but)只经过声音来了解人，并不总是很准只经过声音来了解人，并不总是很准确确(accurate)”，下文作者经历也证实经过电，下文作者经历也证实经过电话了解人并不准确。话了解人并不准确。?直接直接 有用有用 轻易轻易准确准确 转折转折第27页46.(全国全国卷卷49)But her cold voice really annoyed me.I sometimes wished to _another agent.A.promote B.train C.find D.know46.C 因果关系。因果关系。因为瑞妮冷冰冰声音使作因为瑞妮冷冰冰声音使作者很不开心，所以作者有时希望找者很不开心，所以作者有时希望找(find)另另外一个代理人。外一个代理人。promote(提升提升)，train(训练训练)，know(知道知道)不合语境。不合语境。?提升提升训练训练找找知道知道 因因?果果第28页47.(纲领纲领卷卷40)Indeed,what is called body language is so _ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.A.well B.far C.much D.long47.C 程度与结果关系。由程度与结果关系。由so that句型可知，肢体语言占据我们生活交流句型可知，肢体语言占据我们生活交流中很大中很大(much)一部分，以至于经常被我一部分，以至于经常被我们所忽略。们所忽略。?遥远遥远健康健康多多,大量大量长长被忽略被忽略第29页48.(纲领纲领卷卷44)Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact(接触接触)even with friends,certainly not with _.A.strangersB.relatives C.neighbours D.enemies48.A 递进关系。递进关系。北欧人通常都不喜欢北欧人通常都不喜欢和他人有身体上接触，即使是朋友，当和他人有身体上接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人然更不用说陌生人(strangers)了。了。陌生人陌生人亲戚亲戚 邻居邻居敌人敌人?第30页49.(纲领纲领卷卷48)But the seventeenth-year-old girl could not accept or even _the invitation.A.hear B.make C.present D.refuse49.D 递进关系。递进关系。依据依据even(甚至甚至)可知，可知，比比not accept更深入是更深入是refuse(拒绝拒绝)。听到听到制造制造,使使提交提交拒绝拒绝?第31页50.(纲领纲领卷卷26)Our meetings were not _:our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels.A.normal B.necessary C.pleasant D.possible50.C 解释关系。解释关系。冒号表示解释说明，冒号表示解释说明，由由arguments and quarrels(争吵争吵)可知，可知，我们见面是我们见面是不愉快不愉快(pleasant)。?正常正常 令人愉快令人愉快 必要必要 可能可能 第32页1.Conjunctions(连词):2.Strategies-logical relationships:3.Be confident!-“paper tiger”!Summary:平行或递进关系解释说明关系转折关系例举关系层次或次序关系目或因果关系归纳总结关系逻辑逻辑关系关系第33页Enjoy English and Enjoy our study!Practice makes perfect!第34页Thank you for listening!第35页