英语学习金融英语unit2.pptx

Unit Two Part A The Fractional Reserve v教学目的与要求（Teaching targets）：vhelp students get some knowledge about the Fractional Reserve and the important function of the fractional reserve deposit money expansion activities in the banking system;study some specialized words and expressions related to the fractional reserve deposit money expansion activities;some new basic English vocabulary v教学重难点(Emphases and difficult points）vsome important vocabulary:fractional reserve,minimal,enforced,assume,deduct,rein in,call in,reserve requirement,conversely,fractional reserve,fractional reserve,deposit money expansion activities,fractional reserve ratio,reserve requirement,money supply；Background knowledge va1(1-qn)a1 1000 1000v1.lim -=-=-=-vn 1-q 1-q 1-0.88 0.12v2.fractional reserve（部分准备金）：Under the commercial banking system,the central bank must retain a part from the deposits as the fractional reserve according to the strictly enforced government regulations,and the rest deposits in the commercial banks can be lent out.Padeposits$1000B1$120Loan out$880PbDeposite$880 B2Central bankCentral bankPcSet outLoan outintroduction to the knowledge with English sentencesv1.Lets assume the fractional reserve ratio is 12%.Person A comes to deposit$1000 in Bank 1.v2.Bank 1 sets out$120 as a reserve and deposits in the central bank.v3.Bank 1 is free to lend out$880,which is all borrowed by Person B.introduction to the knowledge with English sentencesv4.Person B deposits the$880 in Bank 2,and Bank 2 will deposit 12%of the$880($105.6)in the central bank again as a reserve.v5.The money supply rises.If the process continues to its limit,a total of$8333.33 circulates in the system.v6.After deducting the original$1000 of Person A,$7333.33 of new money is being used in the community and represents a net increase in the money supply.Language Points v1.minimal adj.最小的，极微的 maximal 最大的ve.g.Fortunately,the storm only did minimal damage to the farmers crops.v2.enforce vt.实施，执行；强迫，迫使venforce the law 执行法律 enforced education 强迫教育，义务教育v3.assume vt.假定，假设，设想vassume this to be true 假定这个是真的vwe must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有最，就得假定他无辜。v承担，担任，接受undertakevassume office 就职，assume responsibility承担责任vHe assumes his new responsibilities next month.他下个月承担新任务。v 装作，装出，假装assume ignorance假装不知情Language Pointsv4.fractional adj.分数的，小数的vfractional numbers 分数 a fractional amount 零数vvery small极小的a fractional difference in prices 微小差价vfraction 小部分，一点儿，少许e.g.The car stopped within a fraction of an inch of the wall.汽车在离墙不到一英寸的地方停住了。v5.rein in 驾驭，统治，抑制vrein in ones temper 按住火气rein in a horse 勒住马 the explanation of the text vBanks may lend more money than they have on deposit,just as traders used to do when they issued more receipts for coins than they had in safekeeping.银行贷出去的钱可能会超过存款的数目，就像商人以前经常做的那样。vAssume that the fractional reserve ratio is 12 percent.Thus,when a customer deposits$1 000 in a bank,it may immediately set aside$120 as a reserve.假设部分准备金比率是12%.这样,如果你在所在地银行存入1000美元,它会立即留出120美元作为准备金.Exercises and Key to exercises:v(1)1.部分准备金 fractional reserve 2.部分准备金存款扩张业务 fractional reserve deposit money expansion activities 3.部分准备金比率 fractional reserve ratio 4.准备金要求 reserve requirement 5.货币供应量 money supply 6.利率 interest rate 7.留出一些钱 set aside some money 8.联邦储备银行 Federal Reserve Bank 9.贷出一笔款loan out an amount of moneyv10.联邦储备系统 Fedv(2)DBAADBv(3)Questions:What is the process of the fractional reserve deposit money expansion activities?Unit Two Part B The Three Ms v教学目的与要求（Teaching targets）：vhelp students get some knowledge about the three measures of the money supply in the Federal Reserve System;study some specialized words and expressions related to the three kinds of money supply;some new basic English vocabulary v教学重点(Emphases and difficult points）vSome words and expressions:currency,demand deposits,checking accounts,medium of exchange,time deposit,money market deposit accounts(MMDA),non-institutional money market mutual funds(MMMF),financial innovations,as of,monetary aggregates;How to distinguish the three measures of money supply-M1,M2 and M3.And get to know the content of each one.Background knowledge vThe classification of money supply in the IMF:v M0=the cash outside the banking systemv M1=M0+demand depositsv M2=M1+saving deposits+time deposits+government bondsBackground knowledgevAccording the Federal Reserve System,the money supply is divided into:v M1=currency+coins+demand deposits(the narrowly defined)v M2=M1+MMDA+MMF+other short-term money market assetsv(a broader measure of the money supply)vM3=M2+financial assets and instruments(an even broader definition)Detailed explanation:vM2 is the most often used reference to money supply.M2是衡量货币供应量最常用的标准。在这个句子中，过去分词“used”做定语，修饰“reference”；reference的意思是“衡量标准；参照物；参考资料。vMuch attention is focused on the rate at which the money supply grows because money growth influences inflation,unemployment,and general economic activity.货币供应增长率得以密切注视，因为货币增长影响到通货膨胀、失业，以及总的经济活动。“at which the money supply grows”是一个定语从句，修饰the rate。vThe Federal Reserve System tracks three measures of the money supply and reports on them weekly.联邦储备系统跟踪统计三种货币供应量，并每周公布依次。Language Points v1.mutual adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的vour mutual friend 共同的朋友mutual aid 互助vmutual respect 相互之间的尊敬mutual interest 共同利益v2.secondary adj.第二的，中级的；副的，补充的，次要的vsecondary education 中等教育secondary product 副产品va secondary cause 次要原因vSuch considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency.对于提高效率的主要目的来说，这些想法是次要的。v3.innovation n.创新，革新，改革vtechnical innovation 技术革新educational innovation 教育革新Language Pointsv4.aggregate vt.结合，集结；共计The money collected will aggregate a thousand dollars.进帐总额达一千美元。vIn the aggregate 总的来说，共计v5.as of=on,atvThe project was terminated as of January 1.v6.track n.踪迹，足迹，痕迹ve.g.We followed his tracks through the snow.v轨道a single/double track 单/双轨v站台The train for Chicago is on track 9.开往芝加哥的列车停9站台。Exercises and Key to exercises:v（1）1.货币供应量 money supply 2.活期存款 demand deposit 3.交换媒介 medium of exchange 4.定期存款 time deposit 5.大额存单 large certificate of deposit 6.金融创新financial innovation 7.货币总量 monetary aggregate 8.支票账户 checking accounts 9.联邦储备委员会 Federal Reserve Board 10.开支票 write checksv(2)ACABBv（3）Questions:What does M1,M2 and include respectively?Unit Two Part C Simple and Compound Interest v教学目的与要求（Teaching targets）：vhelp students know how to calculate the simple and compound interest,memorize the formulae of the simple and compound interest.study some specialized words and expressions related to simple and compound interest;some new basic English vocabulary v教学重难点(Emphases and difficult points）Some words and expressions:principal,substitute,interval,convert,yield,annual,due;the understanding about The formulae of simple and compound interests.Simple and Compound Interest单利复利vThe fee for borrowing money is known as Interest(I).be called被叫做vSo,in the above example,Jack thinks the interest is 1600 yuan and Mary thinks the interest should be 1856.4 yuan.vWhat are the elements must be used in necessary part of sth 因素getting the interest,1600 yuan and 1856.4 yuan?Three elements for calculating interestvPrincipal amount(P):the amount borrowed;本金vRate of interest(R):calculated as a percentage of the principal amount;vTime(T):the period over which the interest is calculated.Principal amount(P):vPrincipal amount is the amount borrowed.vIn the given example,the principal is 4000 yuanRate of Interest(R)vRate of interest is a ratio and is usually 比率expressed as a percent.In the above example is 10%.vpercentage form decimal form fractional form小数分数v10%0.1 10/100vten percent zero point one ten hundredthsvIn percentage form the rate would be 10 percent;in decimal form the rate would be 0.10.you could read this as 10 hundredths,0.10,or 10 percent.vWhen used to compute interest,rate of interest must appear as a decimal.Time(T)vTime is the period over which interest is calculated and is usually stated in years.vPeriods of less than one year are usually stated in days.vTime may also be expressed as a fraction of a year.vFor example,three months,3/12,or of a year.vBankers commonly use a 360-day year.The normal year is,of course,365 days and a leap year is 366 days.闰年vWhat is the main difference in calculating simple interest and compound interest?vThe main difference in calculating simple interest and compound interest is:compound interest includes not only interest on principal but also interest on interest.In the above examplevIf Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan at a simple interest rate of 10 percent and repay the principal in a lump sum at the end of one year:I=4000 x 0.1 x 1=400 yuanvIf Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan at a simple interest rate with the stipulation that Jack were to pay both the principal and interest at the end of two years:I=4000 x 0.1 X 2=800 yuanThe formula of simple interest:公式I=P x R x T(I:interest;P:principal;R:rate of interest;T:time)Two other examples about simple interestvSo,if Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan at a simple interest rate of 10 percent and repay the principal in a lump sum at the end of four一次总付years,the calculation would be as follows:vI=4000 x0.1x4=1600vBut,if Jack were to borrow the 4000 yuan for only 3 months,how to calculate the simple interest?vIf Jack were to borrow the 4000 yuan for only 3 months,that is 1/4 year,substitute 替代1/4 for the time(1),(2),(4)in the above calculations to find the result as 100 yuanvSubstitute A for B 拿替代e.g.We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.我们必须把这个破损的椅子换个新的。In the above examplevIf Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan at a compound interest rate of 10 percent and repay the principal in a lump sum at the end of one year:I=?yuanvIf Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan at a compound interest rate with the stipulation 规定that Jack were to pay both the principal and interest at the end of two years:I=?yuanvFor one full year when the full principal plus interest is paid together,compound and simple interest yield the same amount.产生收益vIn multiple-year compounding,interest is 多年computed at the end of each year and added to the principal.The following year,interest is calculated based on the total of the principal plus the first years interest.In the above examplevLets say Jack agrees to borrow 4000 yuan for two years at 10 percent compounded annually but paid at the end of the period.每年地vHere is how the interest figures calculated:vInterest on 4000 yuan for the first year 400 yuanvInterest on 4000 yuan for the second year 400 yuanvInterest on the first years interest for the second year (400 x 0.1=40)40 yuan -Total 840 yuan The formula of compound interest:F=P(1+R)TWhere F is the future total repayment.I=P(1+R)T-PT is the power of(1+R)幂，次方42can be read as“the second power of four”vIf Jack were to borrow 4000 yuan for four years at 10 percent compounded annually,how to get the total repayment?vFuture total repayment at the first year:4000+4000 x0.1=4000 x(1+0.1)vFuture total repayment at the second year:4000 x(1+0.1)x0.1+4000 x(1+0.1)=4000 x(1+0.1)x(1+0.1)=4000 x(1+0.1)2vvFuture total repayment at the fourth year:F=4000 x(1+0.1)4=5856.4 I=F-P=5856.4-4000=1856.4New words in this textvbe known as:be called 被叫做Element 因素calculate 计算vsimple interest 单利compound interest复利 vprincipal 本金ratio 比率 decimal 小数fraction 分数vleap year 闰年formula 公式substitute 替代in a lump sum 一次总付 annual 每年的vstipulation 规定multiple-year 多年repayment 偿还vyield 产生受益vJack were to borrow$4000_ a simple interest of 10%_ two years and repay _ at the end of the period.vInterest _ interest/interest _principalv玛莉以12的单利利率借入2000美元，并且在两年后偿付本利和。