外研版高考英语一轮复习语法专题10正反解读定语从句市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx
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1、第1页专题专题1010正反解读定语从句正反解读定语从句 专题专题10 10 正反解读定语从句正反解读定语从句 第2页专题专题1010 高考链接高考链接高考链接1 1四川卷四川卷 The school shop The school shop,_customers are _customers are mainly studentsmainly students,is closed for the holidays.is closed for the holidays.A AwhichwhichB BwhosewhoseC CwhenwhenD Dwherewhere 解析解析 B考考查查定定语
2、语从句。此从句。此处处是是whose引引导导非限制性定非限制性定语语从句,在定从句,在定语语从句中作从句中作customers定定语语。句意:。句意:这这个学校商个学校商店店其用其用户户大多是学生大多是学生因因为为放假而关放假而关门门了。了。第3页2全国卷 The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat解析 C考查定语从句。本空在定语从句中作story定语,所以用 whose。专题专题1010 高考链接高考链接第4页3山东卷 The old town has na
3、rrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat解析 D考查定语从句。从结构判断,houses后面是一个定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,所以用that引导。专题专题1010 高考链接高考链接第5页4江西卷 She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_ had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith whichCof which Dto which解析
4、C考查定语从句。句意:她带参观者在博物馆里处处参观,这家博物馆建设花了三年多时间。the construction of whichwhose construction。专题专题1010 高考链接高考链接第6页5浙江卷 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of _uses it somewhat differently.Awhich Bwhat Cthem Dthose解析 A考查定语从句。本句中先行词是several diverse cultures,在从句中作of宾语,所以应用关系代词which。专题专
5、题1010 高考链接高考链接第7页专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 考点归纳 考点一关系代词使用考点一关系代词使用1 1定语从句中关系代词只能用定语从句中关系代词只能用thatthat情况:情况:规则规则1 1:当先行词为:当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,everything,anything,nothing,something,the one,none,all,much,few,any,littlesomething,the one,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词时,只能用等不定代词时,只能用thatthat。如:。如:
6、All that can be done has been done.All that can be done has been done.规则规则2 2:当先行词被:当先行词被the only,the very(the only,the very(就是那个就是那个),),all,much,few,any,little,noall,much,few,any,little,no修饰时,只用修饰时,只用thatthat。如:。如:This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.This is the very dictionary that I wan
7、t to buy.第8页规则3:当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that。如:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.规则4:先行词现有些人又有物时,只能用that。如:Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?规则5:当主句主语是疑问词who或which时,为防止重复要用that。如:Who is the man that is standing there?专题专题1010 考
8、点归纳考点归纳 第9页规则6:有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that。如:They have set up a company,which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.规则7:当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第10页2定语从句中关系代词只能用 which情况:规则1:在引导非限制性定语从句
9、时。如:The tree,which is four hundred years old,is very famous here.规则2:介词后。如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.规则3:有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用that,另一个宜用which。专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第11页3定语从句中关系代词只能用who情况:规则1:当先行词是anyone,those时。如:Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?规则2:有两个定语从句,先行词
10、指人时,其中一个关系代词已用that,另一个宜用who。4whose使用whose能够指代人或物,在定语从句中只能作定语,后跟名词。指物时,whose名词the名词of which of whichthe名词。如:The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第12页 考点二关系代词as和which使用在非限制性定语从句中,as和which可代替整个主句,相当于and this或and that。二者区分主要在于:规则
11、1:as引导非限制性定语从句既能够在主句前,也能够在主句后,有时还能够插入主句中,常带有“正如,正像”意思。而which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,翻译成“这一点”。如:As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第13页规则2:主句中出现the same,as,such,so修饰先行词,需选择关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:This house is not such as I expect.(such为代词,作先行词;as在定语从句中作宾语)规则3:当先行词由the same修饰时,有时也
12、用that引导定语从句,不过和由as所引导意思不一样:that表示同一个,as表示同一类。如:This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失那个书包。(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失那个一样。(同类型另一个)专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第14页规则4:在以下结构中,普通也用as:as(it)appears,as(it)seems likely,as(it)often happens,as(it)was pointed out/said/report
13、ed/announced,as(it)was said earlier,as I remember(it),as is wellknown,as is known to all,as anybody can see等。专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第15页 考点三“介词关系代词”引导定语从句“介词关系代词”引导定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which,不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用钢笔是中国制造。The train on which Tom trave
14、lled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐火车速度非常快。The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师房前有棵大树,他对学生们非常有耐心。专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第16页规则1:一些带有介词动词短语,介词能够提至关系代词之前,不过在一些固定搭配动词短语中,因为动词和介词不能够分割,所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前,如take care of,look for,look after,care for等。如:Th
15、is is the book(which/that)I am looking for.规则2:“介词关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等不定代词或者数词,有时数词或代词也能够放在“介词关系代词”之后。如:(1)He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第17页He loved his parents deeply,of whom both are very kind to him.(2)Last Sunday
16、 I bought some books from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,of which three were English novels.(3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.China has thousands of islands,of which the largest is Taiwan.专题专题1010 考点归
17、纳考点归纳 第18页规则3:介词which/whomto do结构能够改为:介词which/whom定语从句。如:I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第19页规则4:在非限制性定语从句中,which可作定语,指先行词(短语或句子)所表示信息,形成“介词which名词”结构,相当于and in/at/during this/t
18、hat名词。如:He was very ill,in which case(and in this case)we sent him to hospital first.She lost her temper,at which point(and at this point)I decided to go back home.Mike was a student at the university from to,during which time(and during that time)he studied very hard and was made chairman of the St
19、udents Union.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第20页 考点四定语从句中主谓一致规则1:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如:I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.规则2:先行词为“one of复数名词”时,定语从句谓语动词用复数形式;而先行词为“the only one of复数名词”时,定语从句谓语动词用单数。如:Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are p
20、opular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.专题专题1010 考点归纳考点归纳 第21页规则3:非限制性定语从句中,由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时,从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:He has passed the exam,which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.规则4:关系代词和谓语
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