英语中各句子成分划分省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语句子成份英语句子成份第1页主语主语(subject)谓语谓语(predicate)宾语宾语(object)表语表语(predicative)宾语补足语宾语补足语(宾补宾补objectcomplement)定语定语(attributive)状语状语(adverbial)主语补足语主语补足语(主补主补subjectcomplement)句子成份句子成份第2页1.1.主语谓语主语谓语(SV)(SV)2.2.主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语(SVO)(SVO)3.3.主语连系动词表语主语连系动词表语(SVC)(SVC)4.4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)(SVoO)5.5.主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾补宾语宾补(SVOC)(SVOC)简单句基本句型简单句基本句型第3页1.主语主语谓语谓语(SV)本结构是由本结构是由“主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(词组词组)”组成组成,惯用来表示主语动作。如，惯用来表示主语动作。如，Shecame.Myheadaches.Thesunrises.该句型主语可有修饰语该句型主语可有修饰语-定语，如，定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.第4页此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词物动词,后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句句等。等。第5页2.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语(SVO)此结构是由此结构是由“主语主语+及物动词及物动词(词组词组)+宾语宾语”组成。组成。宾语能够是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式宾语能够是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如，形容词、分词以及从句等。如，1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.HesaidGoodmorning.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第6页3.主语主语连系动词连系动词表语表语(SVP)本结构主要用以说明主语特征，类属，状态，本结构主要用以说明主语特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态）表示特征和存在状态be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等；等；（2）表示状态延续）表示状态延续remain,stay,keep,continue,stand等；等；（3）表示状态改变）表示状态改变become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。等。Sheishappy.Hefelloffhisbikeandgothurt.Hisadviceproved(tobe)right.第7页此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语动词都不此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。这类动词叫做连系动词。第8页4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO)常跟双宾语及物动词有：常跟双宾语及物动词有：(需借助需借助to)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,等；等；(需借助需借助for)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。等。HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.ShegaveJohnabook=Sheboughtabookforme.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.第9页5.主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾补宾语宾补(SVOC)此结构中宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上主此结构中宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。能够用做谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。能够用做宾补有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词宾补有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。等。Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.第10页此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，但此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个是只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。能够宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。能够用作宾语补足语有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词用作宾语补足语有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。短语等。第11页Arrange these words to make sentencesv1.was/old/dying/man/thevThe old man was dying.v2.Taught/new words/the students/the lecturer/many/tovThe lecturer taught many new words to the studentsv3.damage/your hair/some hairbrushes/mayvSome hairbrushes may damage your hair.v4.me/a/haircut/the barber/gave/shortvThe barber gave me a short haircut.v5.The shop/$100/paid/the customervThe customer paid the shop$100第12页v6.interesting and expansive/in the city/can be/both/lifevLife in the city can be both interesting and expansivev7.it/make/your hair/too often/dry/may/shampooingvShampooing your hair too often may make it dry.v8.myself/unlucky/thought/veryvI thought myself very unlucky.v9.the tired student/in the afternoon/a nap/tookvThe tired student took a nap in the afternoon.v10.his car/to Beijing/drove his car to Beijing.vThe salesman drove his car to Beijing.第13页主语主语(subject):句子说明人或事物。句子说明人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词名词)Helikesdancing.(代词代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主形式主语，主语从句是真正主语语)句子成份句子成份第14页谓语谓语(predicate):说明主语动作、状态和特征说明主语动作、状态和特征英语中只有英语中只有动词动词才能作谓语。才能作谓语。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.第15页宾语：宾语：1）动作承受者）动作承受者-动宾动宾IlikeChina.(名词名词)Hehatesyou.(代词代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句宾语从句)2）介词后名词、代词和动名词介词后名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语双宾语-间宾间宾(指人指人)和直宾和直宾(指物指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.第16页定语：修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或句子。MissYangisachemistryteacher.(名词名词)Heisourfriend.(代词代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(分词分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(分词分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句定语从句)第17页状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weatherHe studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young,he can do it well.The teacher came in,with a book in his hand.第18页宾补：对宾语补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省省to不定式不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带带to不定式不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词过去分词)第19页主补：对主语补充。主补：对主语补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Tiredandsad,shetoldherstorytearfully.第20页表语表语(predicative):系动词之后成份，表示主系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征。语性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词名词)Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.(代词代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词数词)Heisasleep.(形容词形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(分词分词)TowearafloweristosayImpoor,Icantbuyaring.(不定式不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(从句从句)第21页