2021考研复习学习材料-英语二答题技巧讲义.pdf

中业考研中业考研 英语英语二二夺分技巧夺分技巧主编：中业考研教研中心主编：中业考研教研中心（内部资料，翻印必究）（内部资料，翻印必究）第 1 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座夺分技巧课阅读夺分技巧课阅读 以以 2018 年真题为例，可以看真题答案及解析年真题为例，可以看真题答案及解析完形填空（完形填空（2017 真题）真题）People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,withacademics,writers,and activists once again1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy peoplewill own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of adifferent sort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people willsimply become lazy and depressed.6todays unemployed dont seem to be having a greattime.1.AboastingBdenyingCwarningDensuring2.AinequalityBinstabilityCunreliabilityDuncertainty3.ApolicyBguidelineCresolutionDprediction4.AcharacterizedBdividedCbalancedDmeasured5.AwisdomBmeaningCgloryDfreedom6.AInsteadBIndeedCThusDNevertheless完形填空（完形填空（2018 真题）真题）Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously bepainful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recentstudy in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong thatpeople will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago BoothSchool of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant第 2 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven weretold only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room,the students who did not knowwhich ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the studentswho knew what would8.Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago,a co-author of the paper.Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 new scientific advances,forinstancebut sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.In a final experiment,participants whowere encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were lesslikely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18offollowing through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth theendeavor.“Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects ofcuriosity,”Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments.1.A protectB resolveC discussD ignore2.A refuseB waitC regretD seek3.A hurtB lastC misleadD rise4.A alertB tieC treatD expose5.A messageB reviewC trialD concept6.A removeB weakenC interruptD deliver7.A WhenB IfC ThoughD Unless第 3 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座8.A continueB happenC disappearD change9.A rather thanB regardless ofC such asD owing to10.A discoverB forgiveC forgetD disagree11.A payB marriageC schoolingD food12.A lead toB rest onC learn fromD begin with13.A withdrawalB persistenceC inquiryD diligence14.A self-reliantB self-destructiveC self-evidentD self-deceptive15.A defineB resistC replaceD trace16.A overlookB predictC designD conceal17.A rememberB promiseC chooseD pretend18.A reliefB planC dutyD outcome19.A whyB whetherC whereD how20.A consequencesB investmentsC strategiesD limitations阅读理解（阅读理解（2018 真题真题）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to givehis students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire highschool where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president ofthe United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gainedby forcing students to learn geometry at a graphitized desk stuck with generations of discardedchewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as第 4 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have thatstereotype.that its for kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution.Manufacturing isnot the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered tohigh school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We wantmore for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all and the subtle devaluing ofanything less misses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economyneeds.Yes,a bachelors degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in thecountry are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing,according tothe National Skills Coalition,a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers areadequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution isstaring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobsmost arent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School istrying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21.Abroken bike chain is mentioned to show studentslack of.A practical abilityB academic trainingC pioneering spirit第 5 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座D mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A have a stereotyped mindB have no career motivationC are not academically successfulD are financially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates _.A used to have big financial concernsB used to have more job opportunitiesC are reluctant to work in manufacturingD are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as.A supportiveB tolerantC disappointedD cautiousText 2While fossil fuelscoal,oil,gasstill generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energysupply,its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more第 6 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost ofwind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.InScotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent ofhomes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States isalso seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted formore than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy InformationAdministration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuelsespecially coalas the path to economicgrowth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields andprovide 36 percent of the states electricity generationand where tech giants like Microsoft arebeing attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine?”hasprovided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is makingtheir ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets onbattery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,thismassive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace ofchange in energy sources appears to be speeding upperhaps just in time to have a meaningfuleffect in slowing climate change.What Washington doesor doesnt doto promote第 7 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A stabilizingB changingC fallingD rising27.According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America.A is progressing notablyB is as extensive as in EuropeC faces many challengesD has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.A wind is a widely used energy sourceB wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC tech giants are investing in clean energyD there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A Its application has boosted battery storage.B It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A will bring the US closer to other countriesB will accelerate global environmental change第 8 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座C is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishingAmazon hasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but twoyears ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,whichdoesnt have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate andfinely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers toFacebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom wasenormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist,what party whip,would notwant to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies arecurrently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it isclumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition Jaw as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and thisis not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them.The users of their services arenot their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them and Facebookand Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all othermedia and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the第 9 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew theyproduce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keeppredatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of ourboxes.It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to paragraph 1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A digital productsB user informationC physical assetsD quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A worsen political disputesB mess up customer recordsC pose a risk to Facebook usersD mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A should serve the new market powersB may worsen the economic imbalanceC should not provide just one legal solutionD cannot keep pace with the changing market34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A they are not defined as customersB they are not financially reliableC the services are generally digitalD the services are paid for by advertisers第 10 页 共 17 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A a win-win business model between digital giantsB a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC the benefits provided for digital giantscustomersD the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deepwork”the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep workbe it lengthy retreatsdedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach toseizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the keyis to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and getmore done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly thenext month.Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment orimportant meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize yourdayin particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a st