曹操诗词英文翻译和市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

Lecture 6 Lit.of Wei&Jin and Cao CaoSujieLiSchoolofEnglish,BISU-10-18第1页A Quick Look at History Wei,Jin,Southern-northerndynasties魏晋南北朝文学，上起建安，历三国、两晋、南北朝，终于隋统一。如从东汉末献帝永汉元年（189年）算起，之陈后主祯明三年（589年）隋文帝灭陈止，中间恰好四百年。Doyouknowthechainofchangesofthedynastiesandregimes?第2页The development of lit.魏晋南北朝文学发展极为不平衡，表现在：在建安时代，北方比南方兴盛；在三国时代，魏比吴、蜀兴盛；在两晋时代，西晋比东晋兴盛；在南北朝时代，南朝比北朝兴盛。南北文风表现出鲜明地域性特点，大抵北方以刚健质朴为特色，南方则比较华美柔婉。第3页从整个文学史发展看，魏晋南北朝文学是上承先秦两汉、下启隋唐一个主要阶段。这种主要性不但在于作家空前增多、作品也空前增多，更主要还在于它已进入了文学自觉时代。（马 285-291）魏晋南北朝时期是文学自觉时代，也是我国文学史上一个承先启后、主要而必不可少阶段。假如没有魏晋南北朝文学自觉和独立，没有这四百年文学创作实践和文学理论积累，就不可能有唐代文学全方面繁荣。第4页Famous Literary Figures建安文学：三曹、建安七子蔡琰、杨修、吴质西晋太康文学：张华、傅玄、“三张”、“二陆”、“两潘”、“一左”（三张”指诗人张载与其弟张协、张亢；“二陆”指文学家陆机与其弟 陆云；“两潘”指文学家潘岳与其侄潘尼；“一左”指诗人左思。）南北朝：陶渊明、谢灵运、谢眺、鲍照、沈约第5页Cao Cao第6页TheChineseequivalentfor“Speakofthedevil”is“SpeakofCaoCaoandCaoCaoarrives”,implicatingthebadcharacterofCao.Andinpopularculture,Caoiswidelyknownasbeingcunning,deceitful,cruel,merciless,unscrupulous,treacherous,andskeptical.Avillaininshort.Ishereallysoinhistory?第7页AsuccessfulwarlordandchancellorofEasternHanDynastyAbrilliantrulerandmilitarygeniuswhotreatedhissubordinateslikehisfamilyUnitednorthernChinaDevelopedagricultureandsocialstabilityPromotededucationandliteratureAnaccomplishedpoetandpatronofpoetry第8页Cao Caos contributionCaoCaowasanaccomplishedpoet,aswerehissonsCaoPiandCaoZhi.HewasalsoapatronofpoetssuchasXuGan.OfCaoCaosworks,onlyaremnantremaintoday.Hisverses,unpretentiousyetprofound,helpedtoreshapethepoeticstyleofhistimeandbeyond,eventuallycontributingtothepoetrystylesassociatedwithTangdynastypoetry.CaoCao,CaoPiandCaoZhiareknowncollectivelyastheThreeCaos.TheThreeCaospoetry,togetherwithadditionalpoets,becameknownastheJiananstyle,whichcontributedeventuallytoTangandlaterpoetry.CaoCaowroteverseintheolderfour-characterperlinestylecharacteristicoftheClassicofPoetry.BurtonWatsondescribesCaoCaoas:“theonlywriteroftheperiodwhosucceededininfusingtheoldfour-charactermetrewithanyvitality,mainlybecausehediscardedthearchaicdictionassociatedwithitandemployedtheordinarypoeticlanguageofhistime.”CaoCaoisalsoknownforhisearlycontributionstotheShanshuipoetrygenre（山水诗）,withhis4-character-per-line,14-linepoemViewoftheBlueSea(觀滄海)-Wikepedia第9页Jianan poetry ThetermJianan poetrycoversthefinalyearsattheendoftheHanDynastyandduringwhichtheCaofamilywasrising,orrisen,toprominencewereknownastheJiananera(196-220),thefinalreigneraofEmperorXianofHan:thefollowingperiodisknownastheThreeKingdomsera,duetothethreekingdomswhichdivideduptheHanDynasty,andwarwithoneanotherforsuccessiontotheHanempire.AprominentHandynastygeneral,CaoCaoeffectivelytookcontroloftheHandynastyfromtheLiuimperialfamily,andfollowingCaoCaosdeath,hissonCaoPiformalizedthisbyacceptingtheabdicationofthelasttitularrulerofHanandestablishingtheCaofamilyastherulingdynasticfamilyofanewstate,Wei(alsoknownasCaoWei),oneoftheThreeKingdomswhichweresuccessorstatestotheHanempire.Besidestheirroleasleadersinwarandpolitics,theCaofamilyalsohadanimportantroleinthefieldofpoetryandliterature.第10页ThreeCaosSevenScholarsofJianan建安七子，termcoinedbyCaoPiThesevenscholarsareWangCan,ChenLin,RuanYu(阮瑀),LiuZhen(劉楨),XuGan,YingChang(應瑒),andKongRong.RuanYuwasthefatherofRuanJi,oneoftheSevenSagesoftheBambooGrove.孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢第11页Contribution of Jianan poetryJiananpoetryshowssignificantdevelopmentsawayfromthedetailedcatalogsofthefuandtowardtheyuefuformofpoetry;atthesametime,theJiananpoetsdevelopedtheyuefuintoadifferentformwithadifferentvoice,aformwhichwasadirectpredecessortothemajorformofshipoetrylaterembracedbytheTangDynastypoets.Inthemajordevelopmentsintermsofpoeticvoice,whereasHanpoetrytendedtouseananonymousvoicewhichwaseitherimpersonalorinthemodeofcertainshallowandconventionalizedcharacters,theJiananpoetrytendedtobemorepersonalandimmediatelydirect.第12页建安文学特点1.内容方面，反应了当初社会离乱和人民疾苦。曹操蒿里行、苦寒行，曹植送应氏，陈琳饮马长城窟行2.表示了诗人建功立业要求和统一天下宏伟理想。3.艺术方面，建安诗歌集吸收了诗骚乐府乃至汉赋传统，又在前任基础上有所创新，使诗歌功效得到充分发挥。4.建安诗歌“以情纬文，以文被质”，意境宏大，笔调明朗，形成一个悲凉慷慨、刚健有力格调。以上思想和艺术两方面结合起来，就是后人所说“建安风骨”。第13页POEMS OF CAO CAO第14页观沧海东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星汉灿烂，若出其里。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志第15页Viewing the Boundless Sea(Xu)Icome toviewtheboundlessoceanFromStonyHilloneasternshore.ItswaterrollsinrhythmicmotionAndislandsstandamiditsroar.Treeontreegrowsfrompeaktopeak;Grassongrasslookslushfarandnigh.Theautumnwindblowsdrearandbleak;Themonstrousbillowssurgeuphigh.Thesunbyday,themoonbynightAppeartorisefromtheseadeep.TheMilkyWaywithstarssobrightSinksdownintotheseainsleep.HowhappyIfeelatthissight!Icroonthispoemindelight第16页Gazing Out Across the OceanComeeastofJieshiCliffIgazeoutacrosstheoceanItsrollingwavesStuddedwithrocksandislets;Densethetreesandbusheshere,Ranktheundergrowth;TheautumnwindissoughingHugebillowsarebreaking.SunandmoontaketheircourseAsifrisenfromthesea;ThebrightgalaxyofstarsSeemssprungfromthedeep.Andso,withjoyinmyheart,Ihumthissong.第17页龟虽寿神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。(腾 一作：螣)老骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不已。盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。第18页Though Long Lives the Tortoise(Xu)Althoughlonglivesthetortoisewise,Intheendhecannotbutdie.Theserpentinthemistmayrise,Butinthedusthetooshalllie.Althoughthestabledsteedisold,Hedreamstorunathousandli.InlifesDecemberheroesboldIndomitablestillwillbe.ItsnotuptoheavenaloneTolengthenorshortenourdays.Toagreatagewecanliveon,Ifwemakethebestofourways.HowhappyIfeelatthisthought!IcroonthispoemasIought.第19页Though the Tortoise Lives LongThoughthetortoiseblessedwithmagicpowersliveslong,Itsdayshavetheirallottedspan;Thoughwingedserpentsridehighonthemist,Theyturntodustandashesatthelast;Anoldwar-horsemaybestabled,Yetstillitlongstogallopathousandli;Andanoble-heartedmanthoughadvancedinyearsNeverabandonshisproudaspirations.Mansspanoflife,whetherlongorshort,DependsnotonHeavenalone;OnewhoeatswellandkeepscheerfulCanlivetoagreatoldage.Andso,withjoyinmyheart,Ihumthissong.第20页Thispoemand“ViewingtheBoundlessSea”werebothcomposedin207ADwhenCaoCaowasmovinghistroopsbackafterhehadputdowntheWuhuan(乌桓）RebellionandwipedouttheremnantsofYuanShaosforces.Caowasjoyfulwithhissuccessandeagertomakegreaterachievementssothathecouldrealizehisambitionofunifyingthewholecountry.第21页Thepoemscontainsaprofoundphilosophy,whichisbothmaterialisticanddialectical.Thepoetrealizedthathewasagingrapidlyandthatdeathbefellallmenalike,buthedidnot,intheslightestdegree,revealhispessimism,andhewasvigorousandenterprising,instead.Theproudwords“Anoble-heartedmanretainshishighaspirationseveninoldage”havethereuponbecomeawell-knownphraseusedtoencourageoldpeopletobepromisingandenterprising.第22页短歌行对酒当歌，人生几何！譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈讌，心念旧恩月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依？山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。第23页A SongWinebeforeus,singasong.Howlongdoeslifelast?Itislikethemorningdew;Sadsomanydayshavepast.Singhey,singho!DeepwithinmyheartIpine.Nothingcandispelmywoe,saveDuKang,thegodofwine.第24页Blue,bluethescholarsrobe;Long,longforhimIache.Preoccupiedwithyou,mylord,Heavythoughtsforyoursake.Toeachothercrythedeer,Nibblinggrassupontheplain.Whenagoodfriendvisitsme,Wellplaythelyreonceagain.第25页Inthesky,themoonisbright;YetIcanreachitnever.Inmyheartsuchsorrowdwells;Remainingwithmeever.Inthefields,ourpathscrossed;Yourvisitwassokind.Togetherafterourlongparting,Yourfavorscometomind.第26页Clearthemoon,fewthestars;Thecrowsinthesouthwardflight.Circlingthreetimesaroundthetree,Nobranchwheretoalight.Whatifthemountainishigh,Orhowdeepthesea?WhentheDukeofZhougreetedaguest,inhisserviceallwishedtobe.第27页The End第28页