国际射联——射击飞碟规则.doc

. 9. 飞碟规则SHOTGUN RULES适用于FOR多向、双多向、双向TRAP, DOUBLE TRAP, SKEET章 节CHAPTERS9.1 总则 GENERAL9.2 安全规则SAFETY 9.3 靶场和碟靶的标准 RANGE AND TARGET STANDARDS 9.4 装备和弹药 EQUIPMENT AND AMMUNITION 9.5 竞赛官员 COMPETITION OFFICIALS9.6 比赛项目及比赛程序 SHOOTING EVENTS and COMPETITION PROCEDURES9.7 多向规则 COMPETITION RULES FOR TRAP 9.8 双多向规则 COMPETITION RULES FOR DOUBLE TRAP9.9 双向规则COMPETITION RULES FOR SKEET 9.10 比赛管理 MATCH ADMINISTRATION 9.11 故障 MALFUNCTIONS 9.12 参赛者及代表队官员行为规则 RULES OF CONDUCT FOR ATHLETES AND OFFICIALS 9.13 碟靶（规则、不规则、碎靶、命中、脱靶、废靶等）TARGETS REGULAR, IRREGULAR, BROKEN, HIT, LOST AND NO TARGETS 9.14 成绩统计和记分程序 CLASSIFICATION and SCORING PROCEDURES 9.15同分决赛TIES and SHOOT-OFFS 9.16 抗议和申诉 PROTESTS and APPEALS9.17 奥运会项目的决赛 FINALS IN OLYMPIC SHOTGUN EVENTS9.18 图示及抛靶方案 DRAWINGS AND TABLES9.19 索引 INDEX9.1 总则 GENERAL9.1.1 此规则是国际射联总技术规则的一部分，适用于所有飞碟项目。These Rules are part of the ISSF Technical Rules and apply to all Shotgun events.9.1.2 所有参赛者、领队和官员都必须熟悉国际射联规则并确保这些规则被执行。遵守规则是每个参赛者的责任。All athletes, team leaders and officials must be familiar with the ISSF Rules and must ensure that these Rules are enforced. It is the responsibility of each athlete to comply with the Rules.9.1.3 规则适用于右手参赛者，反之也适用于左手参赛者。When a Rule refers to right-handed athletes, the reverse of that Rule refers to left-handed athletes.9.1.4 除具体指明仅适用男子或女子项目外，否则它必须同时适用于男子和女子项目。 Unless a Rule applies specifically to a mens or a womens event, it must apply uniformly to both mens and womens events.9.1.5规则中数据和图表包含特殊信息的地方，数据和图表中的特殊信息与规则的编号条文具有同等效力。Where figures and tables in these rules contain specific information, the specific information in these figures and tables has the same authority as the numbered rules.9.2 安全规则 SAFETY安全至关重要。SAFETY IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE.见国际射联技术总则6.2条。See ISSF General Technical Rules, Rule 6.2.9.2.1 为了参赛者、裁判员和观众的安全，在操作和携带武器时必须小心谨慎。强烈建议所有在射击地线前操作的人员应该穿显眼的夹克。所有人员必须具有自律性。如果缺乏自律，裁判员有责任进行制裁，参赛者和代表队官员有责任协助执行。 The safety of athletes, range personnel and spectators requires continued and careful attention to gun handling and caution in moving about the range. It is strongly recommended that all personnel operating forward of the firing line should wear high visibility jackets. Self-discipline is necessary on the part of all. 9.2.2 枪支携带CARRYING GUNS为确保安全，所有枪支，即便是空枪，在任何时候操作都必须极其小心谨慎（处罚可能取消资格）： To ensure safety, all shotguns even when empty must be handled with maximum care at all times (penalty - possible DISQUALIFICATION). 传统的双管枪携带时必须为空枪并打开枪支闭锁；Conventional double barrel guns must be carried empty with the breech visibly open; 半自动猎枪携带时必须为空枪并且打开枪支闭锁，插有安全旗，枪口指向安全方向，只能朝天或对地；Semi-automatic guns must be carried empty with the breech bolt visibly open, with a safety flag inserted, and the muzzle pointed in as safe direction, up to the sky or down towards the ground only; 不用的枪必须放在枪架上，锁在枪箱里、枪械库或其它安全的地方； Shotguns not in use must be placed in a gun stand, locked gun case, armory or other secure place; 只有在射击位置上，并得到“开始”口令或信号后，参赛者方可装子弹； All shotguns must be kept unloaded except on the shooting Station and only then after the command or signal “START” has been given; 只有站在射击位置上，面对抛靶机方向及枪口指向碟靶飞行区域，并且得到裁判员允许，参赛者方可装子弹。 Cartridges must not be loaded in the gun until the athlete is standing on the shooting Station, facing the traps with the gun pointed towards the target flight area and after the Referee has given permission. 当比赛中断时，必须打开枪支闭锁并退出子弹和弹匣； When shooting is interrupted, the gun must be opened and any cartridges and cartridge cases must be removed; 在确认为空枪并打开枪支闭锁前，任何参赛者不得转身或离开射击位置；No athlete may turn from the shooting station before his gun is open and empty; 打完最后一发，参赛者离开场地前或将枪放到枪架上、枪械库等前，确保枪膛和弹匣中没有子弹。裁判须对此加以核实。After the last shot and before leaving the range or placing the gun on a rack, armory etc., the athlete must ascertain and the Referee must verify that there are no cartridges or cartridge cases in the chamber and/or magazine; and 当射击地线前方有工作人员时禁止持有闭锁的枪支。 The handling of closed guns is prohibited when operating personnel are forward of the firing line.9.2.3 瞄准 AIMING 在裁判员的允许下，参赛者可在指定的射击位置或区域进行瞄准练习。 Aiming exercises are permitted only on designated shooting Stations with the permission of the Referee, or in designated supervised areas; 禁止对其他参赛者的碟靶瞄准或射击。禁止有意瞄准或者射击活的鸟类及其他动物。Aiming or shooting at another athletes targets or deliberately aiming or shooting at live birds or other animals is prohibited; and 禁止在指定区域范围之外瞄准。 Aiming in any area other than in designated areas is prohibited.9.2.4 射击和试枪SHOOTING AND TEST FIRING 参赛者只有在轮到自己并在碟靶被抛出后方可射击； Shots may be fired only when it is the athletes turn and the target has been thrown; 在裁判员允许下，每位参赛者可在其每天第一轮比赛开始前试枪（最多两发）。By permission of the Referee, test firing of guns (a maximum of two (2) shots) is permitted for each athlete on each day of competition immediately prior to the start of his first round of the day; 在决赛或任何决赛前的同分决赛开始前，每位参赛者也允许试枪。 Test firing of guns is also permitted for each athlete prior to the start of Finals or any shoot-offs before the Finals; 试枪时不允许对射击区域内的地面射击。 Test shots must not be fired into the ground within the shooting areas; and 允许修枪后的试枪，但必须由裁判员或裁判长安排。Test firing of a shotgun after a gun repair is permitted, but it must be arranged with the Referee or the Chief Range Officer.9.2.5 “停放” 口令 “STOP” COMMAND 当下达“停放”口令或信号后，参赛者必须立即停止射击。所有的参赛者必须退出子弹并确保安全；When the command or the signal “STOP” is given, shooting must stop immediately and all athletes must unload their shotguns and make them safe; 在后续的口令（“开始”）发出前，不得闭锁枪支；No gun may then be closed until the command to continue (“START”) has been given; 只有在相应的口令“开始”或信号下达后才能继续射击； Shooting may only be resumed at the appropriate command (“START”) or signal; 未经裁判员的允许，在发出“停放”口令后，对仍操持有闭锁枪支的参赛者可取消其比赛资格。 Any athlete who handles a closed gun after the “STOP” command has been given, without the permission of the Referee, may be disqualified.9.2.6 口令 COMMANDS 所有的场地口令必须用英语下达; All range commands must be given in the English language; 裁判员或其他相应靶场官员负责下达“开始”，“停放”和其它必要的口令; The Referees or other appropriate range officials are responsible for giving the commands “START”, “STOP” and other necessary commands; and 裁判员必须确保所下达的口令被执行和所有持枪的安全性。The Referees must then ascertain that the commands are obeyed and that all shotguns are handled safely.9.2.7 眼睛和耳朵的保护EYE AND EAR PROTECTION 提倡所有参赛者和在射击地线附近的人戴耳塞，耳罩或类似的护耳装置；All athletes and other persons in the vicinity of the firing line are urged to wear ear plugs, ear muffs, or similar adequate ear protection; 护耳内不得安装有任何形式的无线电接收装置；Ear protectors incorporating any type of radio receiving device are not permitted; and 敦促所有参赛者、裁判员和官员佩戴防震射击眼镜或类似的护眼装置。 All athletes, Referees and officials are urged to wear shatterproof shooting glasses or similar eye protection.9.3 靶场和碟靶的标准 RANGE AND TARGET STANDARDS碟靶标准见技术总则6.3.7，飞碟靶场标准见见技术总则6.4.17 - 6.4.21。Clay targets standards are found in the General Technical Rules (Rule 6.3.7). Range standards for Shotgun ranges are found in the General Technical Rules(6.4.17-6.4.21)9.4 装备和弹药 EQUIPMENT AND AMMUNITION9.4.1 装备检查 EQUIPMENT CONTROL 仲裁必须执行装备检查以便检验枪支、服装和其它装备。仲裁有权检查参赛者包括服装在内的任何装备。领队对他们的队员使用符合这些规则的装备负有同等责任。所有的参赛者必须亲自在公布期间到装备检查处接受检查，任何未在此期间接受检查的参赛者将被扣罚一个命中靶。The Jury must implement a program of Equipment Control for inspecting guns, clothing and other equipment. The Jury has the right to examine any item of an athletes equipment including clothing. Team leaders are held equally responsible for their team members proper use of equipment in accordance with these rules. All athletes must present themselves to Equipment Control during the published times. A one (1) point penalty will be imposed for any athlete failing to attend during these times.9.4.2 飞碟枪支 SHOTGUNS9.4.2.1 飞碟枪支类型Types of Shotguns可以使用各种类型的滑膛猎枪，包括半自动的，但不包括唧筒式猎枪，口径不得超过12号。允许使用小于12号口径的猎枪。 All types of smoothbore shotguns, including semi-automatics, but excluding pump action shotguns, may be used, provided their caliber does not exceed 12 gauge. Shotguns smaller than 12 gauge may be used.9.4.2.2释放类扳机 Release Triggers 禁止使用任何带有“释放”类扳机的枪支。Guns with any type of release trigger actions are prohibited. 9.4.2.3 枪皮带Slings禁止使用枪皮带或背带。Slings or straps on guns are prohibited.9.4.2.4 弹匣Magazine使用配有弹匣的枪时，弹匣必须关闭，以确保弹匣一次只能装填一发子弹。 Guns with magazines must have the magazines blocked so that it is not possible to put more than one (1) cartridge in the magazine.9.4.2.5 换枪Changing Guns在同一轮中不允许更换功能正常的枪和部件，包括可互换的枪管缩喉。 The changing of properly functioning guns or parts of guns, including interchangeable chokes, is not permitted in the same round.9.4.2.6 减震器Compensators在双向比赛中允许在枪管上安装减震器和类似装置，但多向和双多向比赛中则不允许。 The addition of compensators and similar devices fitted to gun barrels is permitted for Skeet, but prohibited in Trap and Double Trap.9.4.2.7 带孔枪管及可换带孔缩喉Ported Barrels and Ported Interchangeable Chokes 从枪口端量起，不超过20厘米，可以使用带孔枪管。Ported barrels are permitted, provided they do not extend back further than 20 cm as measured from the end of the muzzle.and 从可互换缩喉的枪口端量起，端口加上枪管不超过20厘米，可以使用可互换带孔缩喉。Ported interchangeable chokes are permitted, provided their porting plus any barrel porting does not exceed 20 cm as measured from the muzzle end of the interchangeable fitted choke. 9.4.2.8 光学瞄准具Optical Sights禁止使用任何有放大、光导引发射或视觉强化功能的装置。 All devices fitted to the gun that have magnifying, light emitting, forward lead displacement properties, or that give visual enhancement of the target, are prohibited.9.4.3 弹药AMMUNITION9.4.3.1 弹药规格Cartridge Specifications 国际射联监管的比赛中允许使用的弹药必须达到下列规格： Cartridges permitted in ISSF competitions must meet the following specifications: 发射后的弹壳长度不允许超过70毫米； Case length after firing must not exceed 70 mm; 弹丸的装填量不得超过24.5克； Shot charge must not exceed 24.5 g; 弹丸外形必须为球形； Pellets must be spherical in shape; 弹丸必须为铅、铅合金或者任何其它国际射联批准的材料制成； Pellets must be made of lead, lead alloy or of any other ISSF-approved material; 弹丸直径不允许超过2.6毫米； Pellets must not exceed 2.6 mm in diameter; 弹丸表面可以有金属镀层； Pellets may be plated; 禁止使用黑火药、曳光弹、燃烧弹， 或其它特殊形式的弹药。Black powder, tracer, incendiary, or other special type of cartridges are prohibited; and 子弹内部不得改变装填方式，以增加特殊的散布效果，比如部件的倒装，横向散布装置等。No internal changes may be made which will give an extra or special dispersion effect, such as the inverse loading of components, crossing devices, etc.9.4.3.2 弹药检查 Cartridge Inspection仲裁必须执行子弹检查程序，但要在比赛中对射击或参赛者造成的影响必须降至最低：The Jury must implement a cartridge inspection program that must be designed to cause minimal interference to the shooting or athletes during the competition: 裁判员或仲裁可以从参赛者的枪中取出未发射的子弹进行检查； The Referee or Jury Member may remove an unfired cartridge from the athletes gun for inspection; 当参赛者在射击区域内时，仲裁或裁判员可以随时对其的弹药进行检查； A Jury member or the Referee may take an athletes cartridges for inspection at anytime when the athlete is in the shooting area; 若参赛者使用的枪或弹不符合规则，仲裁可以决定所有用这种枪或弹药射击的靶均记为“脱靶”； If an athlete uses guns or ammunition which are not in accordance with these rules the Jury may decide that all targets fired at with such guns or such ammunition may be declared “LOST”;and 如果仲裁发现参赛者故意犯规，则可以取消他的比赛资格。但是，若仲裁认为该参赛者系无意违规，且未能因此获益，可以不对其实施处罚。 If the Jury finds that the athlete has committed such a violation deliberately, it may disqualify him from the competition. If, however, the Jury finds that the athlete could not reasonably be aware of the fault and that he, through the fault, has attained no essential advantage, the Jury may decide not to impose a penalty.9.5 竞赛官员COMPETITION OFFICIALS9.5.1 总则GENERAL 被指定担任国际射联竞赛的裁判员必须拥有适合于比赛等级的有效资格。任职时，要求所有的仲裁穿国际射联仲裁（红色）背心，其可以国际射联总部采购。任职时，要求所有的裁判员穿国际射联飞碟裁判（蓝色）背心，其可以国际射联总部采购。All persons who are designated to serve as an official in ISSF competitions must possess a valid qualification appropriate to the level of the competition. When on duty, all Jury Members are required to wear the ISSF Jury (red) Vest that must be purchased from ISSF Headquarters. When on duty, all Referees are required to wear the ISSF Shotgun Referee (blue) Vest that must be purchased from ISSF Headquarters.9.5.2 仲裁JURY9.5.2.1 比赛开始前的职责Duties Before the competition starts仲裁必须确保下列内容符合国际射联的规章：The Jury must ensure that the following conform to ISSF regulations: 靶场；The ranges; 碟靶设置正确；The targets are correctly set; and 赛事的组织。The organization of the competition.9.5.2.2 比赛期间的职责Duties During the competition仲裁的职责：The function of the Jury is to: 监督比赛；Supervise the competition; 协助组委会工作并提供建议；Advise and assist the Organizing Committee; 确保射击比赛规则的正确应用；Ensure the correct application of the shooting regulations; 检查参赛者的枪支、弹药和装备；Check the competitors gun, ammunition and equipment; 在抛靶机出现故障后检查抛靶设备的正确性；Check that the targets are set correctly after a trap machine breakdown; 处理正确递交的抗议；Deal with protests that are properly submitted; 执行“国际射联资格”、“国际射联商业权力” 和“国际射联赞助/广告”的规则；Enforce the ISSF Eligibility, ISSF Commercial Rights and ISSF Sponsorship/ Advertising Rules; 作出相关的处罚决定；Make decisions regarding penalties; 执行适当的制裁；Implement sanctions where appropriate; and 对任何未在规则中规定或与规则精神相悖的情况作出裁定。Make decisions in any cases that are not provided for in the Rules, or are against the spirit of these rules.9.5.3 裁判长CHIEF RANGE OFFICER9.5.3.1 裁判长由组委会任命。他应对飞碟射击具有丰富的经验，并熟知猎枪和靶场设备的相关知识。应持有国际射联飞碟裁判长或裁判员的有效执照。The Chief Range Officer is appointed by the Organizing Committee. He should have a wide experience in shotgun shooting and a thorough knowledge of shotguns and range equipment. He should hold a valid ISSF Shotgun Referees or Judges License.9.5.3.2裁判长负责：The Chief Range Officer is responsible for: 执行有关比赛准备和竞赛实施的所有技术和相关的事宜；Fulfilling all technical and logistic issues with regard to preparation and proper conduct of a competition; and 与技术代表、仲裁、组委会、主裁判、成绩统计办公室和其他工作人员保持密切合作,履行下面全部职责。Performs all duties listed below in close co-operation with the Technical Delegate, Jury, Organizing Committee, Chief of Referees, the Classification Office and other staff members.9.5.3.3 裁判长的职责：The duties of the Chief Range Officer are: 根据国际射联技术规则中有关飞碟比赛项目所阐述的技术和安全的规定，指导并监督比赛场地的准备工作；To give instruction and to supervise preparation of the shooting ranges according to technical and safety requ