专升本辅导名词性从句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

名词性从句Noun clauses第1页l名词性从句是由名词性从句是由if,whether,that 和和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导从句，各种疑问词充当连接词所引导从句，其作用同名词一样。包含其作用同名词一样。包含l主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和l同位语从句。同位语从句。第2页l一主语从句一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It 作形式主语和作形式主语和it引导强调句比较引导强调句比较lIt 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句连接词没有改变。而语从句连接词没有改变。而it引导强调句则是对句子某一部引导强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，不论强调是什么成份，都可用连词分进行强调，不论强调是什么成份，都可用连词that。被强。被强调部分指人时也可用调部分指人时也可用who。比如：。比如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.(=In the morning the murder took place.)It is John that broke the window.l(=John broke the window.)第3页2.用用it 作形式主语结构作形式主语结构(1)It is 名词从句名词从句It is a fact that 事实是事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸非常荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词从句形容词从句It is natural that 很自然很自然It is strange that奇怪是奇怪是第4页(3)It 不及物动词从句不及物动词从句It seems that 似乎似乎It happened that 恰巧恰巧(4)It is/was+过去分词从句过去分词从句It is reported that据报道据报道It has been proved that已证实已证实It is said/thought/hoped/told/believed+that.第5页3.主语从句不可位于句首五种情况主语从句不可位于句首五种情况 (1)It is said,(reported)结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：It is said that President Bush will visit our country next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(2)It happens that.,It occurs that 结构中结构中“that”从句不从句不可提前。比如：可提前。比如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)第6页(3)It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中主语从句不可提前。结构中主语从句不可提前。比如：比如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)(4)含主语从句复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。比如：含主语从句复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。比如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)第7页4.what 与与that 在引导名词性从句时区分在引导名词性从句时区分what 引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成）充当句子成份（主、宾、表）；份（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。而）本身有词义。而that 1）只起）只起连接作用；连接作用；2）本身没有词义；）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成）不在从句中担任成份。份。For example:1)What you said yesterday is right.(=All that you.2)That she is still alive is a puzzle.你昨天说话是正确。你昨天说话是正确。她仍活着是一个谜。她仍活着是一个谜。第8页二宾语从句二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词宾语作动词宾语(1)由由that引导宾语从句（引导宾语从句（that 通常能够省略）通常能够省略）,比如：比如：I hear that he joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导宾语从句，比如：引导宾语从句，比如：1)She did not know what had happened.2)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。比如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。比如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.第9页2.作介词宾语作介词宾语比如：比如：Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.3.作形容词宾语作形容词宾语比如：比如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.that 引导从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：引导从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious,sure,confident,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,pleased,satisfied,content 等。等。第10页4.It 能够作为形式宾语能够作为形式宾语It 不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正宾语不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正宾语that 从从句则放在句尾，尤其是在带复合宾语句子中。句则放在句尾，尤其是在带复合宾语句子中。比如：比如：We must make it clear to the public that we are doing an important job.第11页7.否定转移否定转移若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后宾语从句若含有否定意义，普通要把否定词等，其后宾语从句若含有否定意义，普通要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用必定式。比如：转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用必定式。比如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）你穿。）第12页三表语从句三表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，普通结构是表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，普通结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。能够接表语从句连系动词有。能够接表语从句连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等等.另外，惯用还有另外，惯用还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。比如：等结构。比如：1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we cant get the support of the people3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.第13页四同位语从句四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。1.同位语从句功效同位语从句功效同位语从句对于名词深入解释，说明名词详细内容，普通同位语从句对于名词深入解释，说明名词详细内容，普通由由that引导，比如：引导，比如：1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.第14页2.同位语在句子中位置同位语在句子中位置同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所说明名词后面，而是被同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所说明名词后面，而是被别词隔开。比如：别词隔开。比如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句区分同位语从句与定语从句区分(1)定语从句中定语从句中that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成份（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中成份（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中that是连词，只起连接是连词，只起连接主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成份。主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成份。(2)定语从句是形容词性，其功效是修饰先行词，对先行定语从句是形容词性，其功效是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性，其功词加以限定，描述定性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性，其功效是对名词进行补充说明。比如：效是对名词进行补充说明。比如：第15页1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将（他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个出国。）（第一个that引导从句是定语从句，引导从句是定语从句，that在在从句中作宾语）从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国消息是他讲。）（同位语从句，（汤姆将出国消息是他讲。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成份）在句中不作任何成份）第16页