英语毕业论文中美家庭教育的比较.doc

TheComparisonofFamilyEducation英语毕业论文-中美家庭教育的比较AbstractInthelastfewyears,withthedevelopmentofdiatheticeducationhasstrickenrootintotheheartsofthepeople,thefamilyeducationhasbeenahotspotofsociety,inwhichtensofthousandsoffamilies#39;vitalbenefitsandurgentneedlie.Because,goodfamilyeducationiscloselyrelatedtochildren#39;squalityandbehaviour,andrelatedtothefutureofourcountry.Atpresent,thesituationoffamilyeducationisgood,largenumberofparentsandschoolshavecreatedsuccessfulexperience,evenmanyparentsstudythefamilyeducationknowledgeinitiatively,theeducationalideahasundergonetheprofoundchange.Nevertheless,thefamilyeducationisstillaweaklink,particularly,AstheWesterneducationalthoughtispenetratingthroughtheEastandfacingthetraditionalandmodernthoughtaboutfamilyeducation,theChineseparentsaretornbetweenthetwochoices.Therefore,developingfamilyeducationiseitheranopportunity,orachallenge.Moreover,ChineseandtheWesternfamilyeducationeachhasitsowngoodpoints,butindifferentaspects,theeducationalmethodsaredifferent,soweneedtounderstandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfamilyeducation,makeupforone#39;sdeficiencybylearningfromothers#39;strongpoints,andpushforwardthefamilyeducationalmodernizationinstantaneously,inthatcase,Chinawillhavetheinestimableprospects.keywordsfamilyeducationchinaandthewesttraditiondifferencecomparison摘要近几年来，随着素质教育的深入人心，家庭教育已经成为当今社会关注的一个热点，是千万家庭的切身利益和迫切需求所在。因为，良好的家庭教育直接关系到了孩子的素质和品行，更关系到祖国的未来。就中国目前来看，家庭教育的发展态势良好，一大批家长、学校创造了成功的经验，更有许多学生家长主动学习家庭教育知识，教育观念发生了深刻变化。但是尽管如此，家庭教育仍是一个薄弱环节，尤其是随着西方教育思想的传入，中国家长面对传统与现代家教思想，表现出无所适从的无奈。因此，对于开展家庭教育，既是机遇，又是挑战。而且，中西家庭教育各有千秋，在不同方面，教育方法也不同，所以我们就需要深刻了解中西家庭教育的差异，取长补短，并且不失时机地推进家庭教育现代化，这样中国的未来才具有不可估量的发展前景。关键词家庭教育，中西，传统，差异，比较Fromancienttimestomoderntimes,familyeducationhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinthenationaleducationalcause.Agreatman-XiaopingDengsaid,“Thebasisofacountry#39;smodernizationliesintalents,thebasisoftalentsliesineducation,andthebasisofeducationliesinfamily.Chinaisacountrywithemphasisonthehomeeducation.Theoutstandinghomeeducationinthedeepeducationculture.”Thefamilyeducation,theschooleducationandthesocialeducationarethethreebigpropsofeducation.Theyareindispensable.Nowadays,increasingattentionhasbeenpaidtofamilyeducationbythemodernsociety,anditgetsahotspotofsociety,whichiscloselyrelatedtotensofthousandsoffamilies#39;vitalbenefitsandurgentneed.Atpresent,familyeducationmaintainsagoodmomentumofgrowthinChina.ItgetsmoreandmoreimportanttoChinesefamilies.Throughouttheages,manymenofinsightworkdelightlyinthefieldofhomeeducation,andaccumulatequitesubstantialachievements.AndChinaisanorientalcountrywithalonghistory,itsdeepeducationalcultureincludestheelementsofexcellentfamilyeducation.Asweallknow,Chinasancienteducatinalthoughtwantthroughtheancientfamilyeducationalfield.“FamilyInstructionofYan”,ZhituiYan,SouthernandNorthernDynastiesForexample:moralinstructionsfirst;therespectforold;thecarefortheyoung;thecultivationofmoralcharacter;examplesetting;thedeterminationofbeingstrong;learnedprofoundknowledge,carefulconsideration;andsoon.Theseoutstandingthoughtsaregobacktoancienttimes.Nevertheless,therearestillalotofproblemsemergingoutinthatfamilyeducation,whichisstillweak.Theeducationexpertconcerned,whomadethelong-termpursuitofinvestigations,thoughtthat2/3familyeducationisimproper.Alltheanalysisjustifiestheconclusion:thefirst,malignanteventseruptunceasingly.Itnotonlyindicatestheimportanceoffamilyeducation,butindicatestheimportanceandnecessityofcarryingonscientificfamilyeducation;thesecond,incurrenthomeeducation,thereisstillerroneouszone.Itmaybesummarizedas“threeexcess”and“oneexcessiveheight”:thatis,quitesomeparentsareexcessivelyconcernedwiththechildren,excessivelyreatrainandnosedintothechildren#39;saffairs,excessivelychatterandcriticizethechildren,andsomethingexcessiveisexpectedofthechildern.Theseproblemsareinneedofimmediatesolution;Thethird,underthemarketeconomycondition,thereisthemultipleconceptofvalue,theonlychildcommunitygrowsaswellasthedivorcefamiliesincreaseandsoon,allthisbringsaboutmanyunprecedentednewsituationsandnewproblems;Thefourth,ruralpopulationaccountfor80%,thecountrysidehousingdisperses,theconditionisbad,guardian#39;sculturalqualityissomewhatlow,thecountryside#39;sfamilyeducationhasbecomethekeyanddifficultpointndevelopingfamilyeducation.Andatthesametime,withthedevelopmentofeducationalcause,WesterneducationalthoughtspenetrateslowlythroughtheEast.Whenfacingthetraditionalandmodernthoughts,chineseparentsareatalossastowhattochoose.Therefore,directingatsomebadphenomena,weregarditasnecessarytomakeacomparisonbetweenchinesefamilyeducationandwesternfamilyeducation.But,beforethecomparison,weneedtoknowaboutthesocialbackgroundofChinaandWesternCountries.Asweallknow,ChinaisasocialistcountryandmostWesterncountriesbelongtocapitalistcountries.And,theyhavedifferenthistoryandcultures.ChinaadvocatesConfucianismandthewesterncountriesadvocatetherevivalofliteratureandart.Butthemostimportantpointisthattheirattitudetowardsthepositionoffamilyinstitution#39;spositionisalsodifferent.Inchina#39;straditionalfamily,parents#39;authoritativeconsciousnessplaysaleadingrolewhilewesterncivilizationsmainlyemphasizestruggle,equality,democracyandhumanrights homeOfcourse,homeeducationisakindofhumanity#39;seducationalpractice.ChinaandtheWesternfamilyeducationhavemanythingsincommon.Generallyspeaking,itcanbesummedupasfollows1st,emphasisislaidonfamilyeducation.Nomatterwhichcountryyoucomefrom,whatnationalityyoubelongtoallthinkthefamilyisaperson#39;sfirstschool,andtheparentisthefirstteacher.EitherChinaorWesterncountries,eithertheancienttimesorthemoderntimes,familyeducationisalwaysinthemostfundamentalposition.2nd,familyeducationshouldbestartedsincechildhood,performthedutypromptly.FamilyinstructionofYansaidthat,“Theparentsshoulddothemissionarywork,whentheinfantisyoung.Judgingfromhisfacialexpression,weknowwhetherheisangryorhappy,thengiveinstructions.”“FamilyInstructionofYan”,ZhituiYan,SouthernandNorthernDynastiesBecause“itseasytoconcentrateachildsattention.Afterhegrowsup,hisattentioniseasilydispersed,soachildmustbecaughtearly.”Deweyalsothoughtthefamilyeducationshouldbeexecutedearly.3rd,parents#39;unsuilableroledivisionineducationbringsaboutsomebadresults.EitherinChinaorintheWestmotherisalmostdescribedinmanyculturesasthemainfosterer,andthenfatherplaysonlyapart.Thefatheristhemainundertakerwhoteachesthechildtoknowtherationalityeducation.Motherisresponsibleforchild#39;sfoodanddrinkindailylife,thematerialguarantee,theemotionalsatisfactionandsoon,isalsothemainundertakerofchildsemotionalcultivation.Itsresultisthatthechildholdshisfatherinaweandvenerationandcausesthepoorrelationbetweenchildandfather,andthusaffectschild#39;sperfectdevelopment.4th,payattentiontothetrainingthechildrenslongingforknowledge,valuereading.TheChineseparentsofancienttimes,fullyrealizedthistruth,theyguidedthechilderninreadingtheFourBooksandtheFiveClassicswhentheyareyoung,allthevariousschoolsofthought,stimulatedtheirdesireforseekingknowledge.Thewesternparentsalsofocusonfamilyreading.Thechildernmustlistentosectionofstoriesbeforesleeping,andthisisafinetraditionofWesternfamilyeducation.5th,attachimportancetoteachingbypersonalexampleaswellasverbalinstruction.Theparentsarechild#39;smodels,usuallyasimplemovementismoreeffectivethantheinculcationoftenthousandinstructions.However,thetraditionalfamilyeducationinChina,onaccountoftherespectivedifferencesinmoreaspectsisdifferentfromthatintheWest.Theyhavetheirowncharacteristicsbetweenregionsandcultures. Tobeginwith,thetendencyofeducationisdifferent.TheChineseparentslayemphasisonsocialenlightenment,ignorethegrowthofchildren.TheChineseparentstakethesocialcompatibleenlightenmentseriously,butoftenneglectthedevelopmentofchildren#39;scharacteristics,theyoftentrainthechildrenunderestablishedforms,andlaydownthebroadroadfortheirgrowth.Thewesternparentsprovidethechildrenaenvironmentforgrowthresistanttothem,andfostertheirtenaciousindividualityandthegoodconduct,andtheychoosetheirideaandwayofcultivationaccordingtothechangeofsocietyandthecharacteristicofchildrenphysicalandmental.Secondly,thevalueoffamilyeducationisdifferent.ThefunctionofChinasfamilyeducationisforcedbytheChinastraditionalculture.TheChinesetraditionalConfuciancultureemphasize“thecultivationofonesmoralcharacter,therunningofonesfamily,theadministrationofastate,thepeaceandsecurityoftheworld”.Inthisdirectionalthought,thefamilyeducationisbestowedonthedirectsocialsignificance.Inaddition,theChinesetraditionalculturealsoregardsthefamilyeducationandchildren#39;sindividualgrowthasthedirectcorrelativecausesandeffects.TheChineseparentscareaboutthereputationineducatingthechild,thinkingeducatingthechildtobecomeausefulpersonistheirachievement,butifnot,theparentsfeelshameful.Theeducation#39;sgoalisforearningtheirliving,forhonor.Thewesternfamilyeducationisdifferentfromchinaintheeducationalgoal.Educationisnotthepreparationforearningtheirliving,butforsurvival.“Thelearnededucation”theyemphasizehasthevalueofmoldingonesmind,onekindofvaluewhichhasnothingtodowiththeutilityortheoccupationconsiderationPerhapsmanyChineseparentsdenythispoint,andthinkthatIamtalkingnonsenseanddonotrespecttheelder.Butthefactisactuallyso.Asisknown,theparentsusuallydiscusstheirownchild,andcompareotherchildwiththeirownchild.Especially,thechild#39;sstudyisconsideredastheobjectofcomparison.Ihaveaneighbor,whosechildjustgoestotheelementaryschool.Butthechildhascarriedhisbigbagtomakeuphislessoneverydayandeverywhere.Because,myneighborhadchatswithhisfriendoneday,andhisfriendtoldhim,hischild,whohadnotgonetoschool,couldknow300ChineseCharacters,butalsocouldreadtheancientpoetry,andletthechildperformonthescene.Toldofthis,myfriendwasstimulated.Duetohischildissameagewiththatchild,hewasmuchmoreanxious,andbroughtabooktotestthechildsintelligenceaccordingtothewayinthisbook.Besidesthese,ifotherschildwonthefirstprize,hewouldhavethenightmareintheevening,becausehischildalwayscameatthe20thofthelistintheelementaryschool. Whenthechildgoestocollege,theparentscomparisonismoreintense.“Whichuniversitydoesyourchildattend?”IfthechildstudiesinQinghua,BeijingUniversity,orotherfamousuniversities,theparentswilltakeaprideintheirchild;ifthechildhasnotbeenmatriculatedinafamousuniversity,theparentswillfeelsadandashamedoffacingrelatives.Aboveall,wecanknowChineseparentsputtheirfacesinthefirstplace.Andinthewesterncountries,thesethingsneverhappen.AnAmericanfriend,whoisonlygraduatedfromaspecializedmiddleschool,worksinasmallstore.Inmyopinion,heisalmostbelowthelifes“thesafetyline”,andhaslittletobeproudof.Buthisparentsappreciateactuallyhimmuchmore.Why?Becausehetakespartinthepianoperformanceinthecommunityfrequently,andobtainstherewardmanytimes.ThemaindifferenceisthatthecollegechosenbytheChinesechildrenisusuallyfamousone,andtheWesternchildrenchoosethecollegeaccordingtotheirownlikes,insteadoftaking“famousortopcollege”asthedecisionfactor. AllthisshowsthatthecomparisonoftheChinesefamilyisoftenagainstudies,theaspectisunitary,andthecomparisonoftheWesternfamilyoftenpaysgreatattentiontothecomprehensivequality.TheChinesefamilylikestocomparetheirownchild#39;smeritswithotherchild#39;sshortcomings,inwhichtheparentsmayseekself-consolation.Thewesternfamilyoftenintrospecttheirownchild#39;smeritsandsuccess,isnotaccustomedtoseekingtodoothersdown.Tosummarize,China#39;sfamilyoftenwantstohighlightownimage,disparagesothersunintentionallyinthecomparison;thewesternfamilyoftenpaysgreatattentiontohisownself-respect,self-possession,ownhappy.Infact,Westernfamilydoesnotmakethecomparisonpainstakingly,buttheChinesefamilyscomparisonhasbroughtaboutaseriousproblem:CompetingThirdly,theviewofwhoisthemainbodyofthefamilyandthereciprocityofeducationaredifferent.TheChinesetraditionalfamilycultureisfollowingthedominantpattern,displaysthefamilysinternalauthorityconsciousness.Itemphasisobedienceandrespects,takestheexternalcontrolserious.Thechiefeducatorisparentsinchinastraditionalculture.TheChineseparents#39;guardian-consciousnessisextremelyintense.Theyregardthechildastheirownprivateproperty,regardhimastheiraccessory.Therefore,theparentsthinkhighlyofshapingthechildunlaterally,affectsthechild#39;sindividualityconstruction.Theypayattentiontotheirownimage,hasneglectedthechildandadult#39;sinteraction,itsprocessandcomprenensiveness,soitcausesthechildtobeinthepassiveposition,disregardofthechild#39;sindividualexistence.Whereas,thewesterncivilizationtakesthechildasthemainbody,emphasizesindividualstruggle,emphasizesequality,democracyandrespectstheindividualright.Thewesternparentsthinkofthechildasanequalmemberinthefamily,respectthechild#39;spersonalityanddignity,canletthechildthinkindependentlyandchoosefreely.Theyrespectthechild#39