thebluesteyes的分析.doc
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1、 The Bluest EyesContextToni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio. Her mothers family had come to Ohio from Alabama via Kentucky, and her father had migrated from Georgia. Morrison grew up with a love of literature and received her undergraduate degree from Howard Universit
2、y. She received a masters degree from Cornell University, completing a thesis on William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. Afterward, she taught at Texas Southern University and then at Howard, in Washington, D.C., where she met Harold Morrison, an architect from Jamaica. The marriage lasted six years, a
3、nd Morrison gave birth to two sons. She and her husband divorced while she was pregnant with her second son, and she returned to Lorain to give birth. She then moved to New York and became an editor at Random House, specializing in black fiction. During this difficult and somewhat lonely time, she b
4、egan working on her first novel, The Bluest Eye, which was published in 1970.Morrisons first novel was not an immediate success, but she continued to write. Sula, which appeared in 1973, was more successful, earning a nomination for the National Book Award. In 1977, Song of Solomon launched Morrison
5、s national reputation, winning her the National Book Critics Circle Award. Her most well-known work, Beloved, appeared in 1987 and won the Pulitzer Prize. Her other novels include Tar Baby (1981), Jazz (1992), and Paradise (1998). Meanwhile, Morrison returned to teaching and was a professor at Yale
6、and the State University of New York at Albany. Today, she is the Robert F. Cohen Professor in the Council of Humanities at Princeton University, where she teaches creative writing. In 1993, Morrison became the first -African-American woman to receive the Nobel Prize in literature.The Bluest Eye con
7、tains a number of autobiographical elements. It is set in the town where Morrison grew up, and it is told from the point of view of a nine-year-old, the age Morrison would have been the year the novel takes place (1941). Like the MacTeer family, Morrisons family struggled to make ends meet during th
8、e Great Depression. Morrison grew up listening to her mother singing and her grandfather playing the violin, just as Claudia does. In the novels afterword, Morrison explains that the story developed out of a conversation she had had in elementary school with a little girl, who longed for blue eyes.
9、She was still thinking about this conversation in the 1960s, when the Black is Beautiful movement was working to reclaim African-American beauty, and she began her first novel.While its historical context is clear, the literary context of The Bluest Eye is more complex. Faulkner and Woolf, whose wor
10、k Morrison knew well, influenced her style. She uses the modernist techniques of stream-of-consciousness, multiple perspectives, and deliberate fragmentation. But Morrison understands her work more fundamentally as part of a black cultural tradition and strives to create a distinctively black litera
11、ture. Her prose is infused with black musical traditions such as the spirituals, gospel, jazz and the blues. She writes in a black vernacular, full of turns of phrase and figures of speech unique to the community in which she grew up, with the hope that if she is true to her own particular experienc
12、e, it will be universally meaningful. In this way, she attempts to create what she calls a “race-specific yet race-free prose.”In the afterword to The Bluest Eye, Morrison explains her goal in writing the novel. She wants to make a statement about the damage that internalized racism can do to the mo
13、st vulnerable member of a communitya young girl. At the same time, she does not want to dehumanize the people who wound this girl, because that would simply repeat their mistake. Also, she wants to protect this girl from “the weight of the novels inquiry,” and thus decides to tell the story from mul
14、tiple perspectives. IThen Aunt Jimmy gets sick. The community calls in MDear, the local healing woman, whose height and authority impress Cholly. She prescribes pot liquor, and Aunt Jimmy begins to improve, but then she eats a peach cobbler and dies. Cholly finds her the next morning. He does not im
15、mediately feel grief, because everyone takes care of him during the funeral and he is fascinated by all the excitement. Aunt Jimmys brother, O.V., and his family plan to take care of him.Cholly tries to impress one of his older cousins, Jake, by taking him to a place where the girls are. Jake persua
16、des a girl named Suky to take a walk with him, and Cholly persuades the girl he likes, Darlene, to come along as well. They eat muscadine berries and chase each other, and then lie down to rest. When they get up to head back, Darlene tickles Cholly, and the two of them begin to touch each other. Jus
17、t as Cholly is having sex for the first time, two white hunters shine their flashlights upon him. They tell him to continue while they watch, and Cholly pretends to finish. The men leave when they hear their dogs. Cholly is furious with Darlene instead of with the white men because some part of him
18、knows that if he feels anger against the white men, it will destroy him.It occurs to Cholly, irrationally, that Darlene might be pregnant, and he decides to run away and look for his father. He finds some money that Aunt Jimmy had hidden and spends several months working his way toward Macon, Georgi
19、a, where his father lives. He finally purchases a bus ticket, arrives in Macon, and is sent to an alley to look for his father. There he finds men gambling in various states of excitement and desperation. When he asks for Samson Fuller, he finds a man who looks especially fierce, but who is, to Chol
20、lys surprise, shorter than he is. Samson thinks that Cholly has been sent by a creditor (or perhaps the mother of another child he has fathered) and curses him. Cholly stumbles back into the street and, in his effort not to cry, defecates in his pants. He runs to the river, hides under the pier, and
21、 washes his clothes after dark. For the first time, he feels grief for Aunt Jimmy.From this point forward, Cholly is free in a dangerous way. He loves and beats women, he takes and leaves jobs, and he kills three white menall the while remaining indifferent. He is indifferent about when or how he di
22、es. He meets Pauline, and her sweetness and innocence make him want to marry her, but marriage makes him feel trapped. His interest in life is sapped, and he begins to drink. Most of all, he does not know how to relate to his children.Now, in the present, Cholly comes home drunk and finds Pecola doi
23、ng the dishes. With mixed motives of tenderness and rage, both fueled by guilt, he rapes her. She faints, and he covers her with a quilt. She wakes to find her mother looking down at her.Analysis The novels prologue warns us that Cholly will do something unthinkableimpregnate his own eleven-year-old
24、 daughter. If this event were told from Claudias or Pecolas point of view, it would likely remain a senseless act of violence, something impossible to understand. But Morrison chooses to explain the rape from Chollys point of view. Understanding how it was possible for Cholly to commit incest does n
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