多关节鱼形机器人设计毕业设计论文.doc

编号

无锡太湖学院
毕业设计（论文）
相关资料

题目： 多关节鱼形机器人设计

信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业

学 号： 　　　 　　　
学生姓名：
指导教师： 　 （职称： ）

2012年6月25日

目 录

一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告
二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文
三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”
四、实习鉴定表

无锡太湖学院
毕业设计（论文）
开题报告

题目： 多关节鱼形机器人设计

信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业

学 号：
学生姓名：
指导教师： （职称：教授 ）

2012年11月14日

课题来源
水下机器人在海洋环境研究、海洋资源探测和开发等民用领域和海洋军事方面具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的潜在价值。
科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）
随着人类的发展，对资源的需求不断增加。陆上资源的日益紧缺，让我们把目光投向海洋。21世纪是海洋开发的世纪，水下机器人在海洋环境研究、海洋资源探测和开发等民用领域和海洋军事方面具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的潜在价值，吸引了人们更多的注意力。利用仿生学原理，开发类似海豚或金枪鱼的操纵与推进技术是一个很有前途的研究方向之一。
上世纪三十年代起，人类开始对鱼类游动进行观察，提出了大量关于鱼类游动机理的解释。近年来，随着人类对鱼类游动机理了解的加深，同时伴随着仿生学、流体力学、机器人学的进步，计算机、传感器和智能控制技术的快速发展，以及新型材料的不断涌现，对仿生水下机器人技术的研究达到了一个新的顶峰，涌现了大量基于鱼类游动机理的仿生水下机器人。

研究内容
1.鱼的外形设计，本设计是以金枪鱼为模型，要尽量达到其仿真效果
2.鱼体内部各部分的位置安排，保证机器鱼在水里能平稳游动
3.控制部分的设计，达到每秒钟鱼尾摆动 4次的频率
4.计算部分，包括浮力中心和重力中心的计算，推进力和阻力的计算，各个翻转力矩的计算。

拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析
（1）实验方案
对机器人进行整体设计，拟定其传动部分的结构、转速等，使其能够半自动的进行运转。
（2）研究方法
① 用ＣＡＤ进行二维画图，对机器人结构有个全面的了解。
② 对机器人的传动部分进行计算与结构设计，使其提供合适的动力。
研究计划及预期成果
研究计划：
2012年10月12日-2012年12月31日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，完成毕业设计开题报告书。
2013年1月1日-2013年1月27日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。
2013年1月28日-2013年3月3日：毕业实习。
2013年3月4日-2013年3月31日：机器人传动系统计算和总体结构设计。
2013年4月1日-2013年4月14日：传动体设计。
2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日：零件图及三维画图设计。
2013年4月29日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。
预期成果：
达到预期的毕业设计要求，设计出的鱼形机器人机器人可以快速平稳的进行游动，并且传动简单紧凑、满足工作要求。
特色或创新之处
与传统的螺旋桨推进器相比仿鱼鳍推进器具有如下特点:
(1)能源利用率高，初步试验表明，采用仿鱼鳍水下推进器比常规推进器的效率可提高30-100%。从长远看，仿鱼鳍的水下推进器可以大大节省能量，提高能源的利用率，从而延长水下作业时间。
(2)使流体性能更加完善，鱼类尾鳍摆动产生的尾流具有推进作用，可使其具有更加理想的流体力学性能。
(3)提高水下运动装置的机动性能，采用仿鱼鳍水下推进器可提高运动装置的启动、加速和转向性能。
(4)可减低噪声和保护环境，仿鱼鳍推进器运行时的噪声比螺旋桨运行时的噪声要低的多，不易被对方声纳发现和识别，有利于突防，具有重要的军事价值。
(5)实现了推进器与舵的统一，仿鱼鳍推进器的应用将改变目前螺旋桨推进器与舵机系统分开，功能单一，结构庞大，机构复杂的情况，实现浆一舵功能和二为一，从而可精简结构和系统，简化制造工艺，并降低成本和造价，具有重大的现实意义和使用价值。
(6)可采用多种驭动方式，对于应用于船舶、游艇等方面的仿鱼鳍推进器可采用机械驱动，也可采用液压驱动和气压驱动，以及混合驱动方式:对于小型水下运动装置，可采用形状记忆合金、人造合成肌肉以及压电瓷等多种驱动元件。

已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题
① 设计方案思路已经明确，已经具备机械设计能力和机器人设计方案。
② 进行结构设计的能力尚需加强。

指导教师意见

此处日期2011年11月14日-2010年11月18日之间
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室（学科组、研究所）意见

教研室主任签名：
年 月 日
系意见

主管领导签名：
年 月 日

英语原文：
Design Of Tool Machine Prop
Research significance
The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool.
Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development.
Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs.
The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.
1.System components and control structure
The entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.
1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principle
Tool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.
1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive.
2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 ~ 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform.
3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.
1.1.2.Electrical Control System
This tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.

图 1 Tool Control System for the
1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter.
2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system.
3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.
1.2.The functions of the knife
knife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.
1.3.Common types
The knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms:
(1) the turret knife
Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):

(2) the disc cutter
Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.

(3) the chain knife
  Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do
Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.

(4) linear combination knife and the knife library
The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.

1.4 Tool storage capacity
Tool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.
1.5 Tool options
(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate.
(2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection.
1.6. Control of the knife
  (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher.
  (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently.
  (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.

2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application
2.1 Auto Rotary Tool
Rotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe.
Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.

Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 º rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put A