华中农业大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2015年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminologyinto their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in thispart of the test,15 in English and 15 in(Chinese,with one point for each.(30)1L/C【答案】信用证(Letter of Credit)2COO【答案】首席运营官(Chief Operating Officer)3IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)4direct selling【答案】直销5five percent discount【答案】九五折6gross domestic product【答案】国内生产总值7Ebola epidemic【答案】埃博拉疫情8intangible cultural heritage【答案】非物质文化遗产9International Customs Union【答案】世界关税同盟10brown paper【答案】牛皮纸11symbolism of Red Sorghum【答案】红高粱的象征意义12the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincolns assassination【答案】亚伯拉罕林肯遇刺150周年纪念日13horticulture exports【答案】园艺产品出口14sandy desertification【答案】沙漠化15transgenic crops【答案】转基因作物16点赞【答案】give somebody thumbs up17保险单【答案】insurance policy18错峰旅行【答案】off-peak travel19装船须知【答案】shipping instructions20恶性循环【答案】vicious circle21农业工程【答案】agricultural engineering22畜牧养殖【答案】livestock breeding23机械制造【答案】machine manufacturing24发行债券【答案】issue bonds25销售确认书【答案】sales confirmation26“光盘”行动【答案】Clean Plate Campaign27发挥想象力【答案】display imagination28加强宪法实施【答案】promote the enforcement of the constitution29采用国际惯例【答案】adopt international practice30推进政务公开【答案】increase transparency in government operationsII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their targetlanguage respectively.If the source text is in English,its target language isChinese.If the source text is in Chinese,its target language is English.(120)Source Text 1The word“economy”signifies the rule by which the house should beordered,especially with reference to the relation between expenditure andincome.Economy,as we understand the term,may be displayed in threeseveral ways:by limiting the number of wants,by preventing waste,and bythe adjustment of forces in such a manner as to make a little represent a greatdeal.In each of these ways the Chinese are pre-eminently economical.One of the first things which impress the traveler in China is the extremelysimple diet of the people.The vast bulk of the population seems to dependupon a few articles,such as rice,beans in various preparations,millet,gardenvegetables,and fish.These,with a few other things,form the staple ofcountless millions,supplemented it may be on the feast-days,or other specialoccasions,with a bit of meat.Now that so much attention is given in Western lands to the contrivance ofways in which to furnish nourishing food to the very poor,at a minimumcost,it is not without interest to learn the undoubted fact that,in ordinaryyears,it is in China quite possible to furnish wholesome food in abundantquantity at a cost for each adult of not more than two cents a day.Even infamine times,thousands of persons have been kept alive for months on anallowance of not more than a cent and a half a day.This implies the generalexistence in China of a high degree of skill in the preparation of food.Poorand coarse as their food often is,insipid and even repulsive as it notinfrequently seems to the foreigner,it is impossible not to recognize the factthat,in the cooking and serving of what they have,the Chinese are past-masters of the culinary art.In this particular,Mr.Wingrove Cooke rankedthem below the French,and above the English.Whether they are really belowany one of these nationalities we are by no means so certain as Mr.Cookemay have been,but their superiority to some of them is beyond dispute.(350words)Annotation contrivance 发明，设计【参考译文】“节俭”这个词，意味着治家原则，特别是收支关系。按照我们的理解，节俭表现在以下三个不同的方面：限制需求，杜绝浪费，以这样的方式调节经济，少花钱，多办事。照这三方面衡量，中国人是异常节俭的。到中国的旅行者最初的印象之一，是中国人的饮食极端俭朴。众多的人口似乎仅仅依赖种类很少的食品维生，诸如稻米、各类豆制品、谷子、蔬菜和鱼。这些食品，和其他一些很少的东西，构成亿万人的主要食物，只是过节或逢有特殊事情，才加一点儿肉。现在，很多人注意到西方世界设法为穷人提供价廉物美的食品，但是也不能不关注这样一个无可置疑的事实，那就是在平常年景，中国能够以每天不到两分钱的价格为每个成年人提供足够量的营养食品。甚至在饥荒年月，成千上万的人连续数月以一天价值不到一分半钱的定量分配维持生命。这表明中国的烹饪技术普遍达到了高水平。虽然对于外国人来说，似乎经常觉得中国人的食物是低劣、粗糙、乏味甚至倒胃口的，然而却不能不承认在饮食和服务方面，中国人是有经验的烹调师。在这一点上，温格洛夫库克先生把中国人排在法国人之下，英国人之上。中国人是否应排在任何一个国家之下，我们决不像库克先生那样确定，不过他们在一些国家之上却是无可争议的。Source Text 2经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。(360 words)注释达沃斯Davos【参考译文】Thanks to reform and opening-up,China has taken on a new look.What theBeijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China,both ancient andmodern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see moreplaces there.This way,you will better understand what the Chinese peopleare thinking and doing,and what they are interested in.You will get to knowthe true China,a country constantly developing and changing.You will alsobetter appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financialcrisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on bothChina and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yethit the bottom,and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.Towork together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should:first and foremost,run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second,carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing onesown interests at the expense of others;and third,address both the symptomsand the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.Weshould not treat only the head when the head aches,and the foot when thefoot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting inDavos,necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systemsshould be carried out to establish a new international financial order that isfair,equitable,inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutionalenvironment conducive to global economic growth.2016年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translation of terms or phrases(共30分，A、B各15分)A.Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese(共15分，每小题1分）1Little Rock【答案】小岩城2Grand Canyon National Park【答案】大峡谷国家公园3Canon【答案】佳能4Benz【答案】奔驰5Robinson Crusoe【答案】鲁宾逊漂流记6As You Like It【答案】皆大欢喜7The New York Times【答案】纽约时报8Washington Post【答案】华盛顿邮报9Information Super Highway【答案】信息高速公路10Global Positioning System(GPS)【答案】全球定位系统11American Broadcasting Company(ABC)【答案】美国广播公司12International Monetary Fund(IMF)【答案】国际货币基金组织13European Economic Community(EEC)【答案】欧洲经济共同体14North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)【答案】北大西洋公约组织(北约)15Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN)【答案】东南亚国家联盟(东盟)B.Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English(共15分，每小题1分）1中央公园【答案】Central Park2紫禁城【答案】The Forbidden City3生态系统【答案】ecosystem4食物链【答案】food chain5电子商务【答案】e-commerce6数码相机【答案】digital camera7网络世界【答案】cyber world8网购【答案】online shopping9中国日报【答案】China Daily10旅行社【答案】travel agency11农业部【答案】Ministry of Agriculture12一带一路【答案】One Belt and One Road13世界卫生组织【答案】World Health Organization(WHO)14国际奥林匹克委员会【答案】International Olympic Committee(IOC)15依法治国【答案】governing the country by lawII.English-Chinese Translation(60分):Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and they cannot besolved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is atechnology of behavior,but we have been slow to develop the science fromwhich such a technology might be drawn.One difficulty is that almost all ofwhat is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states ofmind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.Physics andbiology once followed similar practices and advanced only when theydiscarded them.The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partlybecause the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partlybecause other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environmentis obviously important,but its role has remained obscure.It does not push orpull,it selects,and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.The roleof natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than ahundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping andmaintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognizedand studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has cometo be understood,however,effects once assigned to states of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions,and atechnology of behavior may therefore become available.It will not solve ourproblems,however,until it replaces traditional prescientific views,and theseare strongly entrenched.Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.Theyare the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditionaltheory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is heldresponsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientificanalysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to theenvironment.It also raises questions concerning“values”.Who will use atechnology and to what ends?Until these issues are resolved,a technology ofbehavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way tosolve our problems.【参考译文】我们遇到的几乎所有重要问题都涉及到人的行为，而且仅靠物理技术和生物技术是无法解决这些问题的。我们所需要的是一种行为技术，但是可能产生这种技术的科学一直发展缓慢。难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学一度模仿类似的做法并且只有当它们抛弃这些做法后才得到发展。行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。环境因素显然是重要的，但是它的作用仍然是模糊不清的。它既不推动也不阻碍行为科学的发展，它具有选择作用，因而这种作用是很难发现和分析的。自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。然而，由于人（生物）和环境之间的相互作用已经逐渐被人们所认识，所以现在正开始从已知的环境去寻找一度认为是心态、情感和性格特征所造成的影响其根源所在。因此就可以建立一门行为技术。但是，如果行为技术代替不了传统的科学发展以前的观点，那它将无法解决我们的难题。而这些传统的观点是根深蒂固的。自由和尊严是难处之所在。自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。科学的分析把责任和成绩归因于环境。它还提出有关“价值观念”的种种问题。谁会使用一门技术？其目的何在？在这些得到解决以前，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。III.Chinese-English Translation(60分):现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四的学生开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，直到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此而睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。【参考译文】College students now bear heavy academic pressure.You will find themexcept seniors who are beginning to look for a jobalways too busy instudies to join campus organizations,too busy to take part in sports and otherextracurricular activities,too busy to share the interests of their friends andtoo busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.In short they have become nothing but a robot.They are under pressure to dotoo much work in too little time.If their roommates are studying in thelibrary until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feelguilty.The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make themuncomfortable and sleepless all night.They study so hard that they havehardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.The pursuit of college education costs them too muchpersonal happiness and health.2017年华中农业大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translation of terms or phrases(共30分，A、B各15分)A.Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese(共15分，每小题1分):1Grand Canyon【答案】大峡谷2Niagara Falls【答案】尼亚加拉大瀑布3Panasonic【答案】日本松下公司4Porsche【答案】保时捷5Othello【答案】奥赛罗6Leaves of Grass【答案】草叶集7USA Today【答案】今日美国8The Wall Street Journal【答案】华尔街日报9ISIS【答案】伊斯兰国(Islamic State of Iraq and Syria)10U.S.Institutions【答案】美国制度11Department of State【答案】国务院12International Chamber of Commerce【答案】国际商会13National Council for US-China Trade【答案】美中贸易委员会14Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific(FTAAP)【答案】亚太自由贸易区15Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPP)【答案】跨太平洋伙伴关系协定B.Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English(共15分，每小题1分):1丝绸之路【答案】Silk Road2布达拉宫【答案】The Potala Palace3海尔电器【答案】Haier Electronics4比亚迪汽车【答案】BYD Auto5红楼梦【答案】A Dream of Red Mansions6京华烟云【答案】Moment in Peking7人民日报【答案】Peoples Daily8南华早报【答案】South China Morning Post9国务院【答案】Department of State10财政部【答案】Ministry of Finance11外事局【答案】The Bureau of Foreign Affairs12全国人民代表大会【答案】National Peoples Congress13国家民族事务委员会【答案】State Ethnic Affairs Commission14国家工商行政管管理局【答案】State Administration for Industry and Commerce15中国人民政治协商会议【答案】Chinese Peoples Political Consultative ConferenceII.Translation of sentences(共30分，A、B各5分)A.Translate the following English sentences into Chinese(共15分，每小题3分)1It is obvious that this was merely a case of robbing Peter to pay Patti.There was no real clearing up of the outstanding debt.【答案】显然，这只是拆东墙补西墙，要彻底还清这么多的债务是绝对不可能的。2The grass blades,brushing with the movements of their growth,madejoyous gentle sounds,like the sighs of a maiden in love.【答案】草叶竞相生长，微微拂动，发出轻柔的欢声，宛如初恋少女的叹息。3Look at the chaps in politics and business,whose whole lives were passedin skating on thin ice,and getting knighted for it.【答案】试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们,他们整个的生活都是在风险中度过的，可是都因此封了爵。4The Babylonian civilization,which endured from the 18th to the 16thcentury B.C.,was urban in character,although based on agriculture ratherthan industry.【答案】公元前十八至十六世纪的巴比伦文明虽然以农业而不是工业为基础，但仍是城市性质。5All countries need to take a“farm to fork”approach and ensure thatthroughout the food supply chain appropriate checks are made at those stagesin production.【答案】所有国家都需要采取“农场分叉”的方式，并确保在整个食品供应链中在生产阶段进行充分的检查。B.Translate the following Chinese sentences into English(共15分，每小题3分):1宜昌是巴楚文化的发源地，诞生了屈原，王昭君等千古风流人物。【答案】Yichang City is the birthplace of Chinese Bachu Culture as well asmany great personalities through the ages,such as the great poet Qu Yuanand the famous beauty Wang Zhaojun.2儒家思想的创始人孔子，不仅对中国，而且对整个东亚和东南亚地区都产生了深远的影响。【答案】Confucius,the founder of Confucianism,has had a profoundimpact not only for China,but also for the whole of East Asia and SoutheastAsia.3如果说白天武汉像坐翡翠城，那么当太阳沉没，武汉就成了一颗夜明珠，灯光如海，千街闪烁。【答案】If Wuhan is like a city of jadeite in the daytime,it becomes aluminous pearl,with a sea of lights twinkling in the streets after the sun setsin the west.4园艺是美的丰富源泉，它美化了我们的家园、城市、乡村、公园、校区、花园、暖房、温室以及广阔的原野。【答案】Horticulture is a bounteous source of beauty in our homes,cities,rural landscapes,parks,campuses,gardens,conservatories,greenhouses,andareas of the great outdoors.5哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。【答案】Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinesestudents.The Chinese educational,scientific and cultural communities haveall along maintained academic exchanges with this university.III.English-Chinese Translation(45分)American Folk ArtWhat we today call American folk art was,indeed,art of,by,and forordinary,everyday folks who,with increasing prosperity and leisure,created a market for art of all kinds,and especially for portraits.Citizens ofprosperous,essentially middle-class republicwhether ancient Romans,seventeenth-century Dutch burghers,or nineteenth-century Americanhavealways shown a marked taste for portraiture.Starting in the late eighteenthcentury,the United States