华东师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Multiple Choice(30 points,1 point for each)1The American approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many peoplebecause there is less emphasis on learning facts than _ true in thesystems of any other countries.A.isB.it isC.it beingD.to be【答案】A【解析】这句话中than为关系代词，用在带比较级形容词的先行词之后，在定语从句中作主语。2Cinema-goers hate _ long queues before all cinemas.A.there beingB.there to beC.there isD.there are【答案】B【解析】like,prefer,hate,want,mean,intend,expect,consider等动词后接there be句型时要用there to be的形式。3_ had a passion for walking,we started off by car.A.whenB.asC.afterD.while【答案】B【解析】这句话中as引导原因状语从句，放于主句之前。4The opposition parties are planning to bring _ a No-ConfidenceMotion against the Prime Minister.A.upB.forwardC.outD.about【答案】B【解析】bring forward提出(问题、建议、计划等)。bring up提出问题（供讨论或协商等）。bring out出版，生产。bring about带来，引起。5India is one of the several countries which are _ affected bywidespread deforestation and steady destruction of natural watersheds.A.criticallyB.remarkablyC.superficiallyD.strongly【答案】A【解析】句意：在森林遭受广泛砍伐、自然水域遭到破坏的国家中，印度是受到影响最严重的国家之一。critically危急地；严重地。remarkably显著地；非常地。superficially表面地；浅薄地。strongly强有力地；坚强地。6If you take care of the pence,the _ will take care of themselves.A.dollarsB.centsC.poundsD.money【答案】C【解析】这句话是一句英文谚语，意思是从小事抓起，大事才能做好，即积少成多。7Over the course of centuries,the river Ganges has _ its course manya times.A.alteredB.deviatedC.recoveredD.adjusted【答案】A【解析】句意：几个世纪以来，恒河的河道变了很多次。这句话中第二个course是“路线，航向”的意思。alter改变。deviate作“偏离”的意思时为不及物动词，需要与from搭配。recover恢复。adjust使适合；校准。8A notable patriot and revolutionary _ lost to India in the death ofSubhash Chandra Bose.A.wasB.wereC.hadD.have【答案】A【解析】句意：Subhash Chandra Bose的离世使印度少了一位伟大的爱国主义家和革命家。这句话中patriot和revolutionary指的都是SubhashChandra Bose，因此谓语动词用单数。9The dacoits attacked the village and every man,woman and child _put to death.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are【答案】A【解析】every修饰单数名词，后接单数动词。10They tried to reassure me but I was still not able to _ my fearsA.annulB.preventC.reduceD.curtail【答案】A【解析】句意：他们试图让我安心，但我还是不能抹去内心的恐惧。annul废除；使消失。curtail缩减；剪短。11I always preferred the _ of the big city.A.anonymityB.obscurityC.distinctivenessD.none of these【答案】A【解析】句意：我总是更喜欢大城市的匿名性。可以理解为我喜欢在大城市中几乎没有人认识自己这种感觉。anonymity匿名。obscurity朦胧；阴暗。distinctiveness特殊性；辨别性。12The opposition _ the Minister by furious criticism.A.ascribedB.hailedC.treatedD.assailed【答案】D【解析】句意：反对派通过猛烈的批评来攻击部长。assail攻击；质问。ascribe归因于。hail致敬；招呼。13His jokes failed to _ even the faintest of smiles from her.A.invokeB.elicitC.attractD.make【答案】B【解析】句意：他的笑话没有使她的脸上展现出一丁点笑容。elicit使发出；引起。invoke调用；祈求。14Credit card crime is reaching _ proportions.A.endemicB.epidemicC.unbelievableD.great【答案】B【解析】句意：信用卡犯罪正在蔓延。epidemic流行的；传染性的。endemic地方性的。unbelievable难以置信的。15The visitor was welcomed _ and introduced to the Governor.A.ceremoniouslyB.ceremoniallyC.affectionatelyD.perfectly【答案】A【解析】句意：客人受到了隆重的欢迎，然后被介绍给了州长。ceremoniously隆重地。ceremonially礼仪上地。affectionately亲切地。16She showed great _ and finesse in dealing with the troublesomesituation.A.tactB.trickC.abilityD.power【答案】A【解析】句意：她处理棘手的局面时表现得十分老练与巧妙。finesse策略；巧妙。tact机智；老练。trick诡计。17She _ her disapproval of the show by leaving the auditorium.A.engagedB.sawC.envisagedD.evinced【答案】D【解析】句意：她用离开观众席这种方式来表示自己对于这场表演的不满。evince表明，表示。engage占用；使参加。envisage正视，面对。18Coaching classes often act as the _ to success in competitiveexaminations.A.wayB.meansC.doorD.window【答案】C【解析】句意：在选拔考试中，辅导班通常扮演着通往成功大门的角色。coaching class辅导班。由于空白处前有“act as”，不能选way这个选项。19The poor woman has _ many hardships after her husband diedmany years ago.A.bornB.boreC.borneD.boar【答案】C【解析】句意：这个可怜女人的丈夫很多年前去世了，在那之后她受了很多苦。borne忍受。boar野猪。20We partook _ the humble meal provided by the villagers.A.withB.ofC.atD.from【答案】B【解析】句意：我们吃光了村民提供给我们的便饭。partake吃，喝；分享。partake of吃光。21This is similar to the other tune,but quite _ from it.A.distinctiveB.distinctC.divergeD.divergent【答案】B【解析】句意：这首曲子与另一首相似，但又截然不同。be distinctfrom与不同。distinctive有特色的。diverge偏离。divergent相异的，分歧的。22A leading chemist believes that many scientists have difficulty withstereochemistry because much of the relevant nomenclature is _,in thatit combines concepts that should be kept _A.obscure,interrelatedB.specialized,intactC.imprecise,discreteD.descriptive,separate【答案】C【解析】句意：一位著名的化学家认为许多科学家对立体化学的学习有困难，因为许多相关的术语将无关的概念相结合，导致这些术语不精确。第一个空应该填导致“difficulty”的原因。in that表达因果关系，即后面内容也是“difficulty”的原因。根据combine可知，第二个空应该填其意思相反的形容词。interrelated相关的。specialized专业的。intact完整的。imprecise不精确的。discrete分离的。descriptive描写的。23 A misconception frequently held by novice writer is that sentencestructure mirrors thought:the more convoluted the structure,the more _the ideas.A.complicatedB.inconsequentialC.elementaryD.fanciful【答案】A【解析】句意：新手作家通常有一种错误的观念，即句子结构是思想的反映，句子结构越复杂，思想就越深刻。这句话中mirror的意思为“反映”，因此空白处单词的意思应该与“convoluted”相同。complicated难懂的。inconsequential不重要的。fanciful想象的；稀奇的。24 A war,even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights,usuallyrequires that these principles be _,for they are _ the regimentationand discipline necessary for military efficiency.A.rejected,inherent inB.suppressed,fulfilled throughC.suspended,incompatible withD.followed,disruptive of【答案】C【解析】句意：战争，哪怕是为了争取个人自由和民主权利而战，通常也需要暂时放弃这些原则，因为他们和军事效率所必需的组织纪律是相矛盾的。suspend推迟；使暂停。be incompatible with与不相容。suppress抑制。be inherent in为固有的。disruptive破坏性的。25 A number of writers who once greatly _ the literary critic haverecently recanted,substituting _ for their former criticism.A.lauded,censureB.influenced,analysisC.simulated,ambivalenceD.disparaged,approbation【答案】D【解析】句意：很多曾经强烈鄙视这个文学评论家的作家近来放弃了他们过去的想法，他们用赞美代替了之前了批评。由“former criticism”可知，第一个空应该填具有贬义的动词，第二个空应该填褒义词。disparage蔑视；毁谤。approbation认可；赞许。laud赞美。Censure责难。simulate模仿。ambivalence矛盾情绪。26A human being is quite _ creature,for the gloss of rationality thatcovers his or her fears and _ is thin and often easily breached.A.a frail,insecurityB.a ludicrous,laughterC.a valiant,phobiasD.an ambitious,morality【答案】A【解析】句意：人类是一种极其脆弱的生物，因为掩盖着其恐惧与不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么薄弱，且常常易于破裂。frail脆弱的。insecurity不安全。ludicrous滑稽的。valiant英勇的。phobia恐惧；憎恶。morality道德；品行。27The diplomat,selected for her demonstrated patience and skill inconducting such delicate negotiations,_ to make a decision during thetalks because any sudden commitment at that time would have been _A.resolved,detrimentalB.refused,aproposC.declined,inopportuneD.struggled,unconscionable【答案】C【解析】句意：这位外交官因为她在细微的谈判中表现出的耐心和技能而被选中，她在谈判中拒绝做任何决定，因为那时任何草率的承诺都是不合时宜的。decline to do拒绝做某事。inopportune不适当的。resolve todo下决心做。detrimental不利的。apropos恰好的；适当的。unconscionable昧着良心的。28Because the monkeys under study are _ the presence of humanbeings,they typically _ human observers and go about their business.A.ambivalent about,welcomeB.habituated to,disregardC.pleased with,snubD.unaware of,avoid【答案】B【解析】句意：由于被研究的猴子习惯了人的存在，因而它们能忽略人类的观察而做它们自己的事情。be habituated to习惯于。disregard忽视。ambivalent矛盾的。snub冷落。29He had expected gratitude for his disclosure,but instead he encountered_ bordering on hostility.A.patienceB.discretionC.indifferenceD.ineptitude【答案】C【解析】句意：他以为自己会因为告密而受到感激，但实际上他遇到的是近乎敌意的冷漠。由“instead”可推断空白处与“gratitude”意思相反。indifference冷淡。discretion自由裁量权；谨慎。ineptitude不适当。30Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a communitythat has constantly refused to _ its injustices is forced to correct them:the injustices can no longer be _.A.acknowledge,ignoredB.decrease,verifiedC.tolerate,acceptedD.address,eliminated【答案】A【解析】句意：非暴力示威通常会造成这样的局面，他们迫使一个拒绝承认自己不公正行为的团体去纠正自己的错误，因为这些不公正的行为已经不容忽视了。acknowledge承认。verify核实。II.Reading Comprehension(40 points,2 points for each)Read the following passages carefully and choose one best answer for eachquestion in Passage 1 2and 3,and answer the questions in passage 4 based onyour understanding of the passage.(1)Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanicactivity known as hot spots(hot spot:a place in the upper mantle of the earthat which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crustusually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature;also:aplace in the crust overlying a hot spot)Unlike most volcanoes,hot spots arerarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates thatcomprise the Earths crust;most hot spots lie deep in the interior of platesand are anchored deep in the layers of the Earths surface.Hot spots are alsodistinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas,which contain greateramounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.In some cases,plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinctvolcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries offpuffs of smoke.It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such amanner by a single source of lava,welling up from a hot spot,over which thePacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward thenorthwest,carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age.Two otherPacific island chains the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge parallel theconfiguration of the Hawaiian chain;they are also aligned from the easttoward the northwest,with the most recent volcanic activity near their easternterminuses.That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute;the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail.However,the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earths interior cannot bedetermined easily.Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolvingthe question of whether two continental plates are moving in oppositedirections or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that,atsome hot spots,lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spreadout in chronological sequence.Of course,reconstruction of plate motion fromthe tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile,ornearly so.Several studies support such an assumption,including one that hasshown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to havemoved during the past ten million years.Beyond acting as frames of reference,hot spots apparently influence thegeophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.When acontinental plate comes to rest over a hot spot,material welling up fromdeeper layers forms a broad dome that,as it grows,develops deep fissures.Insome instances,the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of thefissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.Thus,justas earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates,sohot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.1The primary purpose of the passage is to _.A.describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoesB.describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continentsC.explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoesD.describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record themotion of plates2According to the passage,hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hotspots _.A.can only be found near islandsB.have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavasC.are situated closer to the earths surfaceD.can be found along the edges of the plates3It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for tile apparent courseof the Pacific plate has been provided by the _.A.configurations of several mid-ocean island chainsB.dimensions of ocean hot spotsC.concurrent movement of two hot spotsD.pattern of fissures in the ocean floor4The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands,the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge?A.The three chains of islands are moving eastward.B.The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.C.The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at arelatively rapid rate.D.The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closertogether whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary5Which of the following,if true,would best support the authors statementthat hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?A.Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.B.Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.C.Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of thecontinental plates.D.The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may oncehave constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.【答案与解析】1D 由文章可知，作者主要介绍了hot spots及其“influence thegeophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe”。因此D项正确。2B 由第一段最后一句可知，hot spots与火山的岩浆不同，hot spots的岩浆“contain greater amounts of alkali metals”，因此B项正确。3A 第二段主要介绍了太平洋中几条岛屿链的结构，证明了太平洋版块移动的路径，因此A项正确。4B 由第二段可知，“the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge”与夏威夷群岛相平行，它们都是西北东南走向，都是太平洋版块移动的产物，因此B项正确。5D 由第三段可知，“hot spots are immobile”，因此可作为版块运动的参照物。D项说的是非洲与南美的海岸线证明它们可能曾经属于同一块大陆，在同一条热点线上分离，这可以证明热点可以作为版块运动的参照物，因此D项正确。(2)“They treat us like mules.”the guy installing my washer tells me,his eyesnarrowing as he wipes his hands,I had just complimented him and his partneron the speed and assurance of their work.He explains that its rare thatcustomers speak to him this way.I know what hes talking about.My motherwas a waitress all her life,in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants.Itwas hard work,but she liked it,liked“being among the public,”as she wouldsay.But that work had its sting too the customer who would treat her like aservant or,her biggest complaint,like she was not that bright.Theres a lesson here for this political season:the subtle and not-so-subtleinsults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their workinglives.And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society.The belief ineconomic mobility is central to the American Dream,and we pride ourselveson our spirit of egalitarianism.But we also have a troubling streak ofaristocratic bias in our national temperament,and one way it manifests itselfis in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands.Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote.The commonpolitical wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collarvoters rightward.But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well.AndDemocrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans-though theGrand Old Party did appeal to them in St.Paul.Lets go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer They do a lotof heavy lifting quickly mine was the first of 15 deliveries and efficiently,toavoid injury.Between them there is ongoing communication,verbal antinonverbal,to coordinate the lift,negotiate the tight fit,move in rhythm witheach other.And all the while,they are weighing options,making decisionsand solving problems as when my new dryer didnt match up with the gasoutlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant:rememberorders and monitor them,attend to a dynamic,qu