对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题.doc

对外经济贸易大学

《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试

I. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）

1. The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in

1959.

2. Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that guides us in our daily interactions.
3. In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s index finger to his temple means ‘You are crazy.’
4. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people.
5. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture.

They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”

6. People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.
7. Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness or willingness to reach an agreement.
8. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide for a win-lose situation.
9. Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody the total concept of culture like an onion – symbols, heroes, rituals, and values.

10. Successful intercultural business communication involves knowing the ethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.
11. Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is better than our own.

12. People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.
13. When dealing with German business people, you should avoid jokes and other forms of humor during the actual business sessions.
14. In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.

15. Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as in

Arab countries men may refuse to work with women.

16. In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your business card with your right hand.
17. When accepting a business card, German business people carefully look at the card, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.
18. The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money by Japanese business people.
19. Nonverbal communication is important to the study of intercultural communication because a great deal of nonverbal behavior speaks a universal language.
20. In short, intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awareness knowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultural communication competence.

II. Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and
English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）

1. stereotypes 2. paralanguage

3. ethnocentrism 4. masculinity

5. high-context culture 6. monochronic time

7. speech act 8. conversation taboos

9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance

11. 译码
12.
偏见
13. 文化震惊
14.
不确定性回避
15. 概念意义
16.
语用错误
17. 礼貌原则
18.
归纳法
19. 空间语言
20.
礼仪与礼节

III. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共
20 分）

1. Understanding another culture .

a. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates believe and act as they do
b. is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” lists

c. is important for businesspeople because they can appear to be better informed
d. isn’t necessary for businesspeople

2. Non-linear languages . a. are object oriented
b. see time as a continuum of present, past and future c. are circular, tradition oriented and subjective
d. lead to short-range planning in business practices

3. Which statement about values is incorrect?

a. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture.
b. Values are learned by contacts with family members, teachers, and religious leaders.
c. Values will be influenced by what is seen on t

elevision or read in newspapers.
d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.

4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic time system tend to a. do one thing at a time.

b. be committed to people.

c. borrow and lend things often. d. build lifetime relationships.
5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrect?

a. In Thailand, it is offensive to touch the head. b. Japan is considered a "don't touch" culture.
c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.

d. In Latin American countries, touching between men is unacceptable.

6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is . a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship
b. a view of group orientation structure of social relationship

c. a view of individual orientation structure of social relationship d. none of the above
7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another culture include all of the following except:
a. politics is a safe topic in most cultures. b. avoid telling jokes.
c. avoid personal questions.

d. keep the conversation positive.

8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake?

a. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm. b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.

c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure. d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.
9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect?

a. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning. b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.
c. When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goes to generalizations.
d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with

different cultures.

10. Which statement is incorrect?

a. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of another culture's nonverbal communication patterns.
b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.

c. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages in intercultural encounters.
d. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the behavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.
11. Language is important because it

a. helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how we perceive others.
b. allows us to be understood by foreigners. c. is determined by colonialism.
d. is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.

12. Which of the following countries uses high-context language?

a. Canada

b. Germany c. Japan
d. United States

13. Slang is generally

a. understood by

everyone. b. spoken by the masses.
c. easily translated.

d. used by subgroups.

14. Nonverbal communication does not include

a. chromatics. b. chronemics. c. haptics.
d. semantics.

15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problems?
a. What is the nature of human beings?

b. What is the relationship of humans to nature?

c. What is the orientation of humans to time?

d. What is the human orientation to activity?

16. Proverbs are significant to the study of intercultural communication because .
a. they provide a compact description of a culture’s values

b. they tell a great deal about what a culture praises and what it rejects c. they unite a people with the wisdom of their ancestors
d. all of the above

17. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance? a. One group's truth should not be imposed on others. b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.
c. Citizen protest should be repressed.

d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.

18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is that

a. language is just a device for reporting a person's experience. b. two languages can represent the same social reality.
c. the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak the language.
d. language functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.

19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated by a. sending only top executives abroad.
b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments. c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.
d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal and professional qualifications.
20. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a. Knowing cultural variations in the use of silence is helpful when conversing with persons in another culture.
b. We need to keep things in perspective and not get offended each time we deal with someone who has a different attitude toward touching
c. Good advice when communicating with persons in other cultures is to keep gestures to a minimum
d. Although oral communication varies from culture to culture, non-verbal communication is almost always interpreted the same in each culture.

IV. Answer the following essay question. (共 20 分)

Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk? In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other? What problems might arise in their interactions?

V. Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective. (共 20 分)

The following conversation took place between two Chinese friends.

A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.

B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you

going to be there?
A: Three days.

B: Do you need a ride to the airport? I’ll take you. A: Are you sure it’s not too much trouble?
B: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.

Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective.

参考答案及评分标准

A 卷

VI. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T
for “true” and F for “false”. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T
11. F 12. F 13. T 14.T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. F

VII. Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象 2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语 言
3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义 4. masculinity 男性特征
5. high-context culture 高语境文化 6. monochronic time 单一时间观 念
7. speech act 言语行为 8. conversation taboos 对话禁 忌
9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰 10. power distance 权力距离
11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见 prejudice
13. 文化震惊 cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避 uncertainty avoidance
15. 概念意义 denotational meaning 16. 语用错误 pragmatic failure
17. 礼貌原则 the Politeness Principle 18. 归 纳 法 inductive pattern
19. 空间语言 spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节 etiquette and protocol
VIII. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）
1. a 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. c 10. b
11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20. d
IX. Answer the following essay question. (共 20 分)
测试重点： Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that

squawks that gets shot” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” The former is an English proverb while the latter is a Chinese proverb. In light of their different perceptions, the two cultures might differ in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in their interactions.

评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。
X. Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective. (共 20 分)
测试重点：Chinese requests/offers/speech act/communication patterns/thought
patterns

评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。

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