华中师范大学外国语学院829写作翻译历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解2004年华中师范大学455写作翻译考研真题及详解2005年华中师范大学464写作翻译考研真题及详解2006年华中师范大学448写作翻译考研真题及详解2007年华中师范大学433写作翻译考研真题及详解2008年华中师范大学835写作翻译考研真题及详解2010年华中师范大学821写作翻译考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学833写作翻译考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解Part Composition(75%)Burnout is the condition of inner dumbness,generally a mixture ofdepression,exhaustion and inner dissatisfaction.According to a UnitedNations report,three out of every ten workers in the UK suffer from burnoutthe disease of the modem world.Write a composition of about 400 words to show some cases of burnoutand offer you advice to those who suffer from the pressures of modem life.Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.【参考范文】Nowadays,with the rapid development of economy and daily increasingworking pressure,many people in job market are suffering from burnout.Ifyoure feeling exhausted and overworked,youre not alone.Job burnout isntsimply being bored or disenchanted with your work.Rather,its the result ofprolonged work stress and is characterized by exhaustion,cynicism,a lowersense of accomplishment and severely reduced productivity.Burnout can alsolead to increases in stress hormones,heart disease,and mental health issueslike depression.People always know all about the dangers of burnout.They even knowthat working too many hours,like multi-tasking,clobbers your productivity.And yet theres always that one more task that needs finishing,one moreemail to write,or one more impatient customer or boss who doesnt want towait till Monday.So people work a little bit harder,and then a little harderthan that,to get it all done.And they do this week after week.Pretty soontheyre soured on their job,sleep-deprived,and irritable both at work and athome.Theyre suffering from a bad case of burnout.But try as they might,they cant make your job any easier.Here are my tactics that may help peopleto push through high-stress times.First of all,never forget to have enough sleep no matter how busy youare at work.Not only does a good nights sleep improve your mood andcognitive ability,it actually helps you grow brain cells.Whereas sleepdeprivation is associated with a whole host of mental and physical ailments,and will actually make you age more quickly.Whatever else you have to dois to give up the demands of your crazy job and make sure that getting a goodnights sleep every night is one of your priorities.Secondly,please get plenty of exercise.Exercise is a known moodelevator and stress buster,as well as something that your body needs toremain healthy.Theres evidence that a daily two-mile walk can help yourcognitive function.So fit some exercise in your schedule every day,it willhelp you to gain a healthier and more energetic body.Last but not least,you can put a vacation on your calendar.Having avacation on your calendar will give you something to look forward to.And asthe date approaches,resist any temptation to reschedule.Taking a vacationwill give your mind a rest.You might be surprised at how reinvigorated andinspired youll be getting back to work.Being burnout in this society is not strange.Whats important is to makesure that you can deal with this situation with proper measures.【范文点评】本文围绕“职业倦怠”这一话题展开论述。第一段主要介绍了职业倦怠产生的背景与原因。第二段主要描写了大部分人在面对职业倦怠时的做法，并在末尾处表明作者要对职业倦怠时期人们提出建议。第三段主要建议人们无论多忙都要保证充足的睡眠。第四段建议人们要多进行身体锻炼，提高身体素质。第五段建议人们可以进行适当的休假以放松身心。第六段总结全文，表示职业倦怠不稀奇，重要的是人们要施以合理对策。Part Translation(75%).Fill in each blank with one word and write those words on theANSWER SHEET.1.If translation is classified according to the signs involved,it can beclassified into _,_ and _.interlingual translation;intralingual translation;intersemiotictranslation【答案】按照所涉及的语言符号来说，翻译主要分为语内翻译、语际翻译和符际翻译。这是雅可布森的翻译理论。【解析】2.Translation is translating meaning.In the viewpoint of semiotics,meaning is a kind of _,the three types of meaning are _,_ and_.relation;designative meaning;intralingual meaning;pragmatic【答案】meaning翻译就是翻译意义，在符号学中，意义是一种关系，意义分为所指意义、言内意义和语用意义。这是查尔斯莫里斯的符号意义理论。【解析】3.Writing system is a system of visual signs of language.As far aswriting system is concerned,Chinese differs from English in that Chinese isan _ system while English is an _ system.ideographic;alphabetic【答案】汉语是表意的文字系统，而英语是表音的文字系统。【解析】4.The Chinese grammar is featured by_ while the English grammaris featured by _.The Chinese syntax is characteristic of _ while theEnglish syntax is characteristic of _.implicit;explicit;semantics;grammar【答案】汉语语法是隐性的，英语语法是显性的。汉语句子重语意，英语句子重语法。【解析】5.Comparatively speaking,the Chinese word order is _ while theEnglish word order is _.temporal sequence;spatial sequence【答案】汉语语序遵循时间顺序原则，而英语语序遵循空间顺序原则。【解析】.Translate the following passage into Chinese.Do your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET.Spring passed;summer turned to autumn;it was winter,and then againthe sloes were in blossom and the hawthorns green and spring had come.Butit was spring in the North now,and Dorothy was living alone with her brotherin a small cottage at Grasmere in the midst of the hills.Now after thehardships and separations of youth they were together under their own roof;now they could address themselves undisturbed to the absorbing occupationof living in the heart of Nature and trying,day by day,to read her meaning.They had money enough at last to let them live together without the need ofearning a penny.No family duties or professional tasks distracted them.Dorothy could ramble all day on the hills and sit up talking to Coleridge allnight without being scolded by her aunt for unwomanly behaviour.The hourswere theirs from sunrise to sunset,and could be altered to suit the season.If itwas fine,there was no need to come in;if it was wet,there was no need to getup.One could go to bed at any hour.One could let the dinner cool if thecuckoo were shouting on the hill and William had not found the exact epithethe wanted.【参考译文】春天走了，夏去秋来，跟着是冬天，然后又是刺李开花，山楂变绿，春天再次来临。但现在北部正是春天，在群山之间的葛来斯弥小镇上，多萝西跟她的兄弟住一处小小农舍里。经历了那些艰难困顿与青年时的别离，他们终于团聚在自己家里了。他们可以日复一日，在大自然的怀抱里自由徜徉，无牵无挂。他们的钱足够能过日子，不必为生活所累，也没有家务跟工作的牵绊。多萝西可以整天在山上闲逛，或者整晚上跟卡拉瑞聊天，再也不怕姨妈责骂她不像女孩家了。从太阳出来到下山，时间整把都是他们的，依着季节办事。如果天好，就不用回家，如果阴天，就不用起床。什么时候想睡觉都行。如果布谷鸟还在山里唱歌，威廉还没找到他想要的那个词去形容，晚饭就让它凉着去吧。.Translate the following passage into English.Do your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET.野草（节选）夏衍没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力量就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨练。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。【参考译文】Wild Grass(excerpt)Xia YanThough the little grass has never been said to be Herculean,the power itshows is matchless in the world.It is an invisible force of life.So long asthere is life,the force will show itself.The rock above it is not heavy enoughto prevent the seed from growing,because it is a force that keeps growingover a period of time,because it is an elastic force that can shrink andexpand,because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it isgrown.The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but in debris,instead.The seed with life is never pessimistic or sad,for it has undergone resistanceand pressure.The grass that begins to fight its way out right after its birth isstrong and tenacious,and only that grass has the right to smile with pride atthe potted plants in glassed green houses.2004年华中师范大学455写作翻译考研真题及详解Part Composition(75%)Directions:Nowadays there is much talk about Research-orientedLearning or Study by Research.Use this as the title and write a compositionof round 400 words from the perspective of talent-cultivation or talent-development.Your article should be well-rounded.【参考范文】The Right Way of EducationWith the daily increasing importance of education,the issue on research-oriented learning or talent-cultivation learning is discussed hotly.Somepeople hold the view that we should adopt research-oriented learning,forstudents can only be cultivated by constantly hard work.While others believethat the talent-cultivation learning matters because we shouldnt forcechildren to do things on which they have no talent.In my opinion,we shouldteach students from the perspective of talent-cultivation as Confucius said“Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”.For parents,they should give up their blind education and findchildrens talents.Today lots of parents hold high hopes on their children andneglect the personality and interest of children.They push children to variouskinds of training courses and researches,which leads to a situation thatstudents lose themselves under the enormous pressure.Children would haveno idea of the aim of studying those courses.Though the parents have thewill to make their children better,it would actually generate negative effects.Thus the right thing for parents is to find out childrens talent and focus onthe cultivation of it.For teachers,they should give top priority to teaching students inaccordance with their aptitude.In the process of talent-cultivated education,teachers are the essential part.Teaching students in accordance with theiraptitude should be the crux of teaching.In view of the differences ofindividuality,teachers should analyze the various factors which restrictstudents improving of ability and use different methods and demands toteach different ones.In a word,teacher should act according to the principlesof keeping students interests and confidence.As students,of course,we are supposed to develop comprehensivecompetence of moral,intellectual and physical development.However,as amatter of fact,each of us has different innate conditions,different personalhobbies,different goals and wishes,so it is difficult to implement a templateeducation.It will be unimaginable literary teenagers who love literature andare fascinated by poetry and songs are asked to immerse themselves in thephysics and chemistry.Therefore,its important for students to realize theirtalents and tell parents and teachers their interests if possible.To sum up,everyone has his own talent and should be cultivated bytalent.The blind research-oriented learning would do no good to children.Parents,teachers and students themselves should focus on talent-cultivation,which is the right way of education.【范文点评】本文围绕“应采取天赋培养的方式进行教育”为主题展开论述。第一段描写了不同人对“以学习研究为中心”和“以天赋培养为中心”进行教育的不同观点，并提出作者的观点，即教育应以天赋培养为中心，进行“因材施教”。第二段从家长的角度论述了这一观点。第三段表述了教师应当怎样做。第四段从学生的角度进行论述。最后一段总结全文并重申观点。Part Translation(75%)Section 1Questions and Answers(15%)1.In the example below,“transparent clarity”,in the source text isturned into“清澈的晴空”in the target text.What do you think of thisadjustment made by the translator?Why do you think so?The stars twinkled in transparent clarity.星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。【参考答案】I think this adjustment is excellent.Its a kind ofspecification.Specification refers to the use of a clear and specific way totranslate a more generalized expression in the original text.There are manywords in the original English text,causing the literal meaning of the wholesentence very abstract.If the equivalent is translated into Chinese,not onlythe translation is difficult to express the original intention of the originalauthor,but also the semantics of the translation is ambiguous.It is difficult togive the reader an accurate concept.In this case,the translator can expressthese literally ambiguous words and expressions in Chinese with clearmeanings and specific words based on the specific linguistic environment andcontextual affair.Then it would become more specific and more general.2.What are the differences between Chinese and English in grammarand syntax?【参考答案】The Chinese grammar is implicit,while English grammaris explicit.Chinese is an ideogram and an analytical language,while Englishis an alphabetic language,which is of heavily formal logic.Chinese sentencesdepend on the semantics,the context and the order of words.It is oftenunnecessary to use other words to connect words,and the logical relationshipis reflected in words.However,the syntactic structure of English isimportant.Syntax refers to the combination of the various components in thesentence and the appropriate connections of words,which are used to reflectthe logical relationship.In this sense,the English sentences are strict andcompact.3.“池”is translated differently in 池塘(pool,pond),喷水池(fountain),花池(flower bed),舞池(dance floor),乐池(orchestra pit)and 城池(city).What is this phenomenon?How should a translator deal with problemsresulted from this phenomenon?【参考答案】When a word has two or more meanings that are relatedconceptually or historically,it is said to be polysemous or polysemic.Wordsof this kind are called polysemic or polysemous words.When facingpolysemy in translation,a translator can do as follows:(1)choose anddetermine the meaning of words according to the word class in the sentence;(2)choose and determine the sense of a word in accordance with its contextand the collocation of words in the sentence;(3)extend word meaning basedon the fundamental meaning of the word,try to further expound its meaning,and then select more appropriate words to express it.This approach is dividedinto abstraction and materialization of the meaning.Section 2English-Chinese Translation(30%)The Song of the RiverW.S.MaughamYou hear it all along the river.You hear it,loud and strong,from therowers as they urge the junk with its high stern,the mast lashed alongside,down the swift running stream.You hear it from the trackers,a morebreathless chant,as they pull desperately against the current,half a dozen ofthem perhaps if they are taking up wupan,a couple of hundred if they arehauling a splendid junk,its square sail set,over a rapid.On the junk,a manstands amidships beating a drum incessantly to guide their efforts,and theypull with all their strength,like men possessed,bent double;and sometimesin the extremity of their travail they crawl on the ground,on all fours,like thebeasts of the field.They strain,strain fiercely,against the pitiless might of thestream.The leader goes up and down the line and when he sees one who isnot putting all his will into the task he brings down his split bamboo on thenaked back.Each one must do his utmost or the labor of all is vain.And stillthey sing a vehement,eager chant,the chant of the turbulent waters.I do notknow how words can describe what there is in it of effort.It serves to expressthe straining heart,the breaking muscles,and at the same time theindomitable spirit of man which overcomes the pitiless force of nature.【参考译文】河之歌毛姆沿河上下都可以听见那歌声。它响亮而有力，那是船夫，他们划着木船顺流向下，船尾翘得很高，桅杆系在船边。它也可能是比较急促的号子，那是纤夫，他们拉纤逆流而上。如果拉的是小木船，也许就只五六个人；如果拉的是扬着横帆的大船过急滩，那就要200来人。船中央站着一个汉子不停地击鼓助威，引导他们加劲。于是他们使出全部力量，像着了魔似的，腰弯成两折，有时力量用到极限就全身趴在地上匍匐前进，像田里的牲口。领头的在纤绳前后跑来跑去，见到有人没有全力以赴，竹板就打在他光着的背上。每个人都必须竭尽全力，否则就要前功尽弃。就这样他们还是唱着激昂而热切的号子，那汹涌澎湃的河水号子。我不知道词语怎样能描写出其中所包括的拼搏，它表现的是绷紧的心弦，几乎要断裂的筋肉，同时也表现了人类克服无情的自然力的顽强精神。Section 3Chinese-English Translation(30%)一件小事（节选）鲁迅跌倒的是一位女人，花白头发，衣服都很破烂。伊从马路边突然向车前横截过来；车夫己经让开道，但伊的破棉背心没有上扣，微风吹着，向外展开，所以终于兜着车把，幸而车夫早有点停步，否则伊定要栽个大筋斗，跌倒头破血出了。伊伏在地上，车夫便也立住脚，我料定这老女人并没有伤，又没有别人看见，便很怪他多事，要自己惹出是非，也误了我的路。我便对他说：“没有什么的，走你的罢！”车夫毫不理会，或者并没有听到，却放下车子，扶着