江西师范大学外国语学院《716综合英语》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解.Vocabulary(201 points)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there arefour choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.The troops _ the city,killing and injuring hundreds.A.advertedB.bombardedC.sprintedD.interlockedB【答案】句意：军队轰炸了这座城市，造成数百人伤亡。bombard轰炸，炮击。advert注意；谈到。sprint冲刺，快速跑。interlock连锁，连结。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】2.“Senior citizen”is a(n)_ for“old person”.A.mythologyB.onsetC.euphemismD.palC【答案】句意：“老年公民”是“老人”的委婉语。euphemism委婉语。mythology神话。onset开始；攻击。pal伙伴，朋友。因此，本题的正确答案为C。【解析】3.Were at a critical _ in terms of his domestic program.A.jigB.martinC.martiniD.junctureD【答案】句意：就他的国内计划而言，我们正处于一个紧要的关口。juncture特定时刻，关头。jig夹具，吉格舞。martin紫崖燕。martini马提尼（鸡尾酒）。因此，本题的正确答案为D。【解析】4.If he wins this race,it will _ for his recent string of defeats.A.ameliorateB.atoneC.asperseD.ascertainB【答案】句意：如果他赢得这场比赛，这将会弥补他最近一连串的失败。atone弥补，赎罪。ameliorate改善，减轻。asperse诽谤。ascertain确定，查明。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】5.If you _,you suddenly shout something,for example because youare very surprised.A.betokenB.chideC.assayD.ejaculateD【答案】句意：如果你突然大喊，往往是因为你感到很惊讶。ejaculate喊出；突然说出（尤指因惊奇）。betoken预示，表示。chide责骂。assay【解析】化验；测定。因此，本题的正确答案为D。6.She trimmed the _ of the tulips before putting them in a vase.A.sprigB.spruceC.stakesD.stalksD【答案】句意：她在把郁金香插进花瓶之前，把花茎修剪了一下。stalk（植物）茎，秆。sprig带叶小枝。spruce云杉。stake桩，棍子；赌注。因此，本题的正确答案为D。【解析】7.Using tanks and heavy _,they seized the town.A.artilleryB.artificeC.arteryD.artisanA【答案】句意：他们用坦克和重炮占领了这个城镇。artillery大炮。artifice诡计，欺骗。artery动脉；干道。artisan工匠。因此，本题的正确答案为A。【解析】8.She knew that her efforts to _ cheerfulness werent convincing.A.fermentB.fendC.festerD.feintD【答案】句意：她明白自己强颜欢笑是瞒不了谁的。feint假装的。ferment发酵；动乱。fend照料；避开。fester溃烂；使痛苦。因此，本题的正确答案为D。【解析】9.He gave me an _ either Mary have to leave,or me.A.ulcerB.ultimatumC.underdogD.underworldB【答案】句意：他给我下了最后通牒：不是玛丽离开，就是我离开。ultimatum最后通牒。ulcer溃疡，腐烂。underdog失败者。underworld黑社会；地狱。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】10.My bike has had two _ in the last 3 weeks.A.pureesB.puncturesC.pumasD.punditsB【答案】句意：我的自行车在过去三个星期里被扎了两个洞。puncture（轮胎上刺破的）小孔，小洞。puree浓汤，果泥。puma美洲狮。pundit专家，权威。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】11.He left what little furniture he owned to his landlord in _ of rent.A.lilacB.lesionC.lieuD.levityC【答案】句意：他把仅有的几件家具作为租金留给了房东。in lieu of代替。lilac淡紫色，丁香花。lesion损害。levity多变，轻浮。因此，本题的正确答案为C。【解析】12.He went to strike her face but she _ his hand with her arm.A.adulatedB.parriedC.harriedD.gripedB【答案】句意：他走过去打她的脸，但她用胳膊挡住了他的手。parry回避；挡开。adulate奉承；谄媚。harry（不断）烦扰；纠缠。gripe抱怨；肠胃绞痛。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】13.The ladder _ dangerously and I nearly fell off.A.controvertedB.teeteredC.decipheredD.derogatedB【答案】句意：梯子危险地摇晃起来，我差点摔下来。teeter摇晃，摇摆。controvert否认，驳斥；争论，辩论。decipher破译；辨认。derogate毁损；贬低。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】14.Most political prisoners were freed under the terms of the _.A.curatorB.dioceseC.amnestyD.inquestC【答案】句意：大多数政治犯是根据大赦的条款被释放的。amnesty大赦。curator监护人；馆长。diocese教区。inquest审讯。因此，本题的正确答案为C。【解析】15.Industrial waste is _ the environment.A.deflectedB.deployedC.detractedD.despoilingD【答案】句意：工业废料正在破坏环境。despoil破坏，掠夺。deflect转向；偏斜。deploy部署；展开。detract贬低；转移。因此，本题的正确答案为D。【解析】16.In the suburbs the spacious houses stand in _ contrast to the slumsof the citys poor.A.foolhardyB.furtiveC.insidiousD.starkD【答案】句意：郊区宽敞的大房子和城里的贫民窟形成了鲜明的对比。stark极端的，赤裸的。foolhardy蛮干的，有勇无谋的。furtive鬼鬼祟祟的。insidious阴险的，狡猾的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。【解析】17.If the dam breaks,it will _ large parts of the town.A.inundateB.bootlegC.circumventD.girdA【答案】句意：如果大坝决堤，它将淹没城镇的大部分地区。inundate淹没；泛滥。bootleg非法贩卖。circumvent包围；绕行。gird束缚；嘲笑。因此，本题的正确答案为A。【解析】18.Her later writing so lacked subtlety that it almost read like a _ ofher earlier work.A.urnB.satinC.consortiumD.parodyD【答案】句意：她后期的作品缺乏精妙之处，读起来感觉像是对她早期【解析】作品的拙劣模仿。parody拙劣模仿。urn骨灰瓮，大茶壶。satin缎子衣服。consortium财团；联合。因此，本题的正确答案为D。19.It is a _ of contemporary psychology that an individuals mentalhealth is supported by having good social networks.A.tenorB.tenetC.tensileD.tentacleB【答案】句意：良好的社交网络有利于一个人的心理健康，这是当代心理学的原则。tenet原则，信条。tenor要旨；男高音。tensile可拉伸的。tentacle触角。因此，本题的正确答案为B。【解析】20.The companys sales _ from$11 million to$160 million.A.zoomedB.doomedC.bustledD.buttedA【答案】句意：公司的销售额从1100万美元飙升至1.6亿美元。zoom急剧增长，猛涨。doom注定。bustle喧闹；催促。butt用头顶。因此，本题的正确答案为A。【解析】.Cloze(201 points)From childhood to old age,we all use language as a means of broadening ourknowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first(21)_,they were like newborn children,unable to use this(22)_tool.Yet once language developed,the possibilities for human kinds future(23)_ and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is(24)_ for our ability to produceand use language.They(25)_ that our highly evolved brain provides us(26)_ an innate language ability not found in lower(27)_.Proponents of this innateness theory say that our(28)_ for language isinborn,but that language itself develops gradually,(29)_ a function ofthe growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical(30)_ times for language development.Current(31)_ of innateness theory are mixed,however,evidencesupporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.(32)_,more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taughtin(33)_ grades.Young children often can learn several languages bybeing(34)_ to them,while adults have a much harder time learninganother language once the(35)_ of their first language have becomefirmly fixed.(36)_ some aspects of language are undeniably innate,language doesnot develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been(37)_from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that(38)_ with other human beings is necessary for proper languagedevelopment.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to humanlanguage(39)_ than any innate capacities.These theorists viewlanguage as imitative,learned behavior.(40)_,children learn languagefrom their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their childslanguage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negativelyreinforcing imprecise ones.21.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originated22.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite23.A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution24.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible25.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince26.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with27.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children28.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion29.A.asB.just asC.likeD.unlike30.A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological31.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation32.A.In a wordB.In a senseC.IndeedD.In other words33.A.variousB.differentC.the higherD.the lower34.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved35.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions36.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When37.A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated38.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction39.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative40.A.As a resultB.After allC.In other wordsD.Above all【答案与解析】21.B 此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。evolve逐渐发展，进化。generate产生。born出生。originate起源于。22.A 此处意为：语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。valuable珍贵的。appropriate合适的，适当的。convenient方便的，便利的。favorite最喜欢的。23.A 此处意为：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainment成就。feasibility可行性。entertainment娱乐。evolution进化。24.D 此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对负责。其他选项不与for搭配。25.C 根据语法分析，空格后应是一个宾语从句，而A，B，D三项后都不能接从句做直接宾语。confirm确认。inform通知。convince使某人确信。26.D 固定搭配provide sb.with sth.“向某人提供某物”。27.B 此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms“有机体，生物体”。28.A 此处意为：人类的语言潜能是与生倶来的，但语言本身在逐渐发展。potential潜能。performance性能；绩效；表演。preference偏爱。passion激情。29.A 此处意为：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as作为，符合题意。30.B 此处意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的。ideological思想上的。social社会的。psychological心理的。31.A 此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。review评论。reference参考。reaction反应。recommendation推荐。32.C 由31题可知，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词indeed“甚至”。33.D 此处意为：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易。根据后文的“Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 tothem,while adults”可以选定答案。34.B 此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。beexposed to是固定搭配，意为“接触到”。reveal显露，而reveal sth.to sb在这里不合题意，因为本题中的them指languages。剩余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事。be involved in参与。35.C 此处意为：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rule规则，规律。regulation规定。formation构成，构造。constitution宪法；章程。36.A 分析上下文的逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。因此，前后应为转折关系。37.D 此处意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated偏远的；孤立的。distinguished卓越的。different不同的。protected受到保护的。38.D 此处总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction相互作用；交流。exposition暴露。comparison比较。contrast对比。39.A 根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development，即language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏；感激。requirement要求。alternative供替代的选择。40.C 本句是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative,learned behavior（模仿性的后天行为）”。in other words换言之，换句话说。as a result结果是。after all毕竟。above all首先。.Reading Comprehension(202 points)There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by somequestions.For each of them there 4 choices marked A,B,C,and D.Youshould decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.Passage 1If you,like me,distrust school cafeterias,you pack homemade lunches foryour children,as I did until my sons finished high school.But in the rush toget youngsters up,dressed,fed and off to school on time,the safety of thatpacked lunch easily can be overlooked.While there are no statistics on how often schoolchildren are sickened by thelunches they bring from home,its far better to be safe than sorry,said NancyDonley,the president of STOP FOODBORNE ILLNESS,an advocacyorganization.Ms.Donley,who lives in Chicago,knows the risks all too well.In 1993 she lost her only child,6-year-old Alex,to one of the nastiest foodcontaminants,innocently consumed in store-bought ground meat.Rather thanretreat into a fetal position,she channeled her grief and anger into helpingothers avoid a similar tragedy.According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention,one in six Americans will be felled by food poisoning this year,with 128,000 hospitalized and 3,000 people dying as a result.Thirty-oneorganisms are known causes of 9.4 million of these illnesses,but 38.4 millionpeople will be sickened by unknown pathogens.Our extraordinarily complexfood supply,with commodities coming in year round from all over the world,has seriously challenged government efforts to keep consumers safe.“Over the years,weve made progress in some areas but gone backward inothers,”Ms.Donley said in an interview.“With so many deaths and illnesseseach year from contaminated foods,theres still a long way to go.”While organizations like hers press for stricter inspection standards from thegovernment and tighter controls from the food industry,Ms.Donley believesthat consumers also must protect themselves as best they can.“Its important for the public to understand there are risks in food,and its upto them to try to mitigate those risks,”she said.And since children are amongthe most vulnerable to severe consequences of food poisoning,it makes senseto start with the lunches they take to school.A standard rule of food safety is to keep cold foods cold and hot foods hotuntil it is time to eat them.Temperatures between 40 degrees and 140degrees,not uncommon in packed lunches that sit in warm classrooms forhours,are ideal conditions for bacterial growth.Insulated lunch boxes canhelp keep food safer.The best box(hard-sided or soft)has an insulated liningand a pocket in which to place a thin freezer pack to help keep the contentscold until they are consumed.What to put in those boxes?Foods like peanut butter and sliced cheese cantolerate room temperatures without spoiling,especially if insulation islacking.Also consider pantry-safe foods packed in easy-to-open containers,like tuna that can be eaten out of a flip-top can,with or without bread.Boxed milk or juice sold unrefrigerated is also a safe bet.And you can freezethese(as well as a water bottle)ahead of time and use them as cold packs;asthey defrost,theyll keep the rest of the lunch chilled.A number ofsandwichesfor example,those made with lunch meats,tuna or egg saladcan be made the night before and frozen as well;theyll defrost by lunchtime.If your child likes lettuce and tomato,pack them separately to be put onthe sandwich before eating.If you include cut-up vegetables,be sure they arewashed first and packed in a clean container.Dried fruits and whole fruitslike apples,bananas,oranges and grapes can round out the meal and can bekept safely at room temperature.But all fresh fruits,even those that will bepeeled,must be washed before they are put in the lunch box.Before preparing food,wash your hands with warm water and soap for 20seconds.Counter-tops and cutting boards should be washed as well;they canbe sanitized.For the sake of convenience,I use a spray-on bleach product toclean my countertops and sink,and I wash everything that comes into contactwith raw animal products immediately after use.Of course,any surface,utensil or hand that comes into contact with raw meat,poultry,fish or eggsmust always be thoroughly cleaned before being used for other foods,including those same foods after they are cooked.Ideally,children should wash up before lunch,but that may not happen whenthey have only 15 to 20 minutes to eat.Alternatively,put a pocket-size handsanitizer or moistened antibacterial towelette in the lunch box and instructthem to use it before they eat.From The New York Times,August 29,201141.According to the author,the safety of homemade lunches _.A.is obviously ensuredB.can be easily ignoredC.is no better than food in school cafeteriasD.is known to all the people42.Some parties are mentioned in the article in terms of taking responsibilityof mitigating the food poisoning EXCEPT _.A.the governmentB.the food industryC.the pressD.consumers43.In order to ensure food safety you should _.A.keep packed lunches between 40 degrees and 140 degreesB.keep cold foods cold and hot foods hotC.put the food in lunch boxes with a soft lining and a pocketD.keep the lunch boxes in warm classrooms44._ can perfect the meal.A.Peanut butter or sliced cheeseB.Boxed milk or juiceC.Tuna or egg saladD.Dried fruits and whole fruits45.If there is not enough time to have lunch,children can wash up by using_.A.a spray-on bleach productB.warm waterC.soapD.a pocket-size hand sanitizer【答案与解析】41.B 本题为细节题。根据题干，我们可以参考文章第一段的第二句“But in the rush to get youngsters up,dressed,fed and off to school ontime,the safety of that packed lunch easily can be overlooked.”人们常常对学校食堂提供的食物抱有不信任的态度，但是早上为了帮助孩子起床、穿衣、吃饭并准时出发去学校，时间会非常匆忙，以至于会忽视所准备的午饭的安全性。因此答案为B。42.C 本题为细节题。由文章第五段的第一句“While organizations likehers press for stricter inspection standards from the government and tightercontrols from the food industry,Ms.Donley believes that consumers alsomust protect themselves as best they can.”这段话中提到需要对食物安全进行监督的方面有政府、食品行业以及消费者自