暨南大学外国语学院808外国语言文学综合考试历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解SECTION A.Fill the blanks with proper answers(10%)1.The English sonnet,also known as _ sonnet,usually has aregular rhyme scheme a-b-a-b,c-d-c-d,e-f-e-f,g-g.Shakespearean【答案】莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排，其押韵格式为“ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG”。每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节。【解析】2.It was in 1798,with the publication of William Wordsworths _,in collaboration with S.T.Coleridge,that romanticism began to bloom andfound a firm place in the history of English literature.Lyrical Ballads【答案】1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治将各自的诗歌合为一册，定名为抒情歌谣集。【解析】3.The typical feature of Robert Brownings poetry is the _.dramatic monologue【答案】勃朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。【解析】4.The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poetsof the 18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality inthe context of the graveyard.A contemplative and mellow mood is achievedin the celebrated opening verse of Grays _.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard【答案】这首诗充满感伤情调，成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。【解析】5.As one of the great innovators of the modern novel,Virginia Woolfdeveloped the technique of _ in her writing,which focuses on thecomplex lives of characters inner minds instead of outward actions.stream of consciousness【答案】弗吉尼亚伍尔芙（1882年1月25日1941年3月28日）。英国女作家、文学批评家和文学理论家，意识流文学代表人物，被誉为“二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋”。【解析】6.It was _,as the primary author who wrote“the Declaration ofIndependence”,together with other four men including Benjamin Franklin.Thomas Jefferson【答案】独立宣言是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯杰斐逊起【解析】草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。7._s“The Raven”is a dark reflection on lost love,death,and lossof hope.Edgar Allen Poe【答案】乌鸦是埃德加爱伦坡于1844年创作的诗集，诗歌主题除了爱情就是死亡、幻灭和伤悼。【解析】8.Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman named_ living in seventeenth-century Boston,then a puritan settlement.Hester Prynne【答案】红字讲述了发生在北美殖民时期的恋爱悲剧。女主人公是海丝特白兰。【解析】9.Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new Americanplaywrights,_,established an international reputation with such plays asThe Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape.Eugene ONeill【答案】尤金奥尼尔（1888年10月16日1953年11月27日）美国剧作家，表现主义文学的代表作家，美国民族戏剧的奠基人。主要作品有琼斯皇毛猿天边外悲悼等。【解析】10.Hemingways stature as a writer was confirmed with the publicationof his novel _ in 1929,which portrayed a farewell both to war and tolove.A Farewell to Arms【答案】永别了，武器是美国小说家欧内斯特海明威创作的长篇小说，是其早期代表作，首次出版于1929年9月27日。通过描述二人的爱情，作品揭示了战争的荒唐和残酷的本质，反映了战争中人与人之间的相互残杀以及战争对人的精神和情感的毁灭。【解析】.Define the terms listed below according to your knowledge ofEnglish and American literature and criticism.(20%)1.Gothic novelGothic Novel,as a literary genre,combines elements of bothhorror and romance.These novels,in rebelling against the increasingcommercialism and rationalism,show the dark,irrational side of humannature.They are mysteries,often involving the supernatural and heavilytinged with horror,and they are usually against dark backgrounds ofmedieval ruins and haunted castles.The originator of English Gothic novel isHorace Walpole,and his Castle of Otranto:A Gothic Story is the first workof the kind.【答案】2.Byronic heroThe Byronic hero is an idealized but flawed characterexemplified in the life and writings of Lord Bryon,like Child Harold andDon Juan.They are handsome,chivalrous,energetic,pathetic,lonely andremorseful over a sin,gloomy and misanthropic,sexually free,and capable of【答案】generous acts and magnanimity.There is a possible downside of theirpersonality with individualistic spirit,aloofness,arrogance and occasionalcontempt for the common people.3.Critical RealismThe critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 1840sand in the beginning of the 1850s.The realists first and foremost setthemselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a dramatic viewpointand delineated the crying conditions of bourgeois reality.But they did notfind a way to eradicate social evils.Charles Dickens is the most importantcritical realist.【答案】4.TranscendentalismIt is a literary,philosophical and artistic movement thatflourished in New England from about 1836 to 1860.It originated among asmall group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy ofCalvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church,developing insteadtheir own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world.Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul as the mostimportant thing in the universe,and stressed the importance of the individual.To them,nature was the garment of the Oversoul.Their ideas wereeloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature,andSelf-reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his Walden.【答案】.Identify the following quotations by giving(1)the title of the work;(2)the name of its author,and(3)explain briefly the implications of theunderlined parts.(20%)1.Crafty men condemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise menuse them,for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them,for they teach not their own use;but that is a without them,and above them,won by observation.【答案】Of Studies;Francis BaconIts implication is that studies cannot teach us everything and we cannotbelieve everything that we learn from books,instead we need to learn fromexperience to test the knowledge we learned before.2.If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;/If I were a swift cloud to flywith thee;/A wave to pant beneath thy power,and share/The impulse of thystrength,only less free/Than thou,O Uncontrollable!【答案】Ode to the West Wind;Percy Bysshe ShelleyIts implication is that though the speaker is like the wind at heart,untamable and proudhe is now chained and bowed with the weight of hishours upon the earth.3.Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,/Wheneer I passed her;but who passedwithout/Much the same smile?This grew:I gave commands:/Then all smilesstopped altogether.【答案】My Last Duchess;Robert BrowningIts implication is that the speaker commands his wife not to smile toothers because he thinks that she is too frivolous in doing so.From this,Browning portrays a dominating and selfish Duke.4.He smiled understandinglymuch more than understandinglyPrecisely at that point it vanishedand I was looking at an elegant youngroughneck,a year or two over thirty,whose elaborate formality of speech justmissed being absurd.Some time before he introduced himself Id got a strongimpression that he was picking his words with care.【答案】The Great Gatsby;F.Scott FitzgeraldIts implication is that Gatsby is not the same as the speaker imagines,and the speaker thinks that his way of speech or behaviors are inconsistentwith his wealth or power.5.To go into solitude,a man needs to retire as much from his chamberas from society.I am not solitary whilst I read and write,though nobody iswith me.But if a man would be alone,let him look at the stars.The rays thatcome from those heavenly worlds will separate between him and vulgarthings.【答案】Nature;Ralph Waldo EmersonIts implication is that to experience the“wholeness”with nature forwhich we are naturally suited,we must be separate from the flaws anddistractions imposed on us by society.Emerson believed that solitude is thesingle mechanism through which we can be fully engaged in the world ofnature.Writing:Choose one of the following pair and write a comparativeessay of no less than 200 words.(25%)1.Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy【答案】Both Charles Dickenson and Thomas Hardy were masters of criticalrealism in Britain in the nineteenth Century.Dickenson began to write in1830s,and ended in 1850s;Hardys novels were mainly in the last 10 yearsof nineteenth Century.Because of their different life experiences andhistorical backgrounds,their writing styles are both identical and different.Dickensons novels are tortuous,lively,and fascinating.His novels areinteresting and readable,with the aim of attracting readers.The protagonistsin Dickenson novels often succeed after thousands of hardships orfrustrations in their lives.His novels are just like a piece of music,whichbegins with a melancholy melody and ends with cheerful notes,often makingreaders laugh with tears.This is the optimistic“Dickenson-style”novelending.Hardys novels,like Dickensons novels,are readable and interesting.The plot is tortuous and fascinating,which is the characteristic of his novels,so he has a large number of readers.The plots twists and turns of Hardysnovels are mainly manifested in the ups and downs,and a series ofmisfortunes and misfortunes plunging the hero into despair.His works arenovel and unique with many occasional happenings and coincidences.Hisnovels often end with a mournful tone,which makes readers sad.The characters in Dickensons novels are single and will not changewith the change of experience and environment.Therefore,the good peoplein Dickensons novels are often poor,but good and kind.Bad people arevillains and gangsters.However,the characters in Hardys works not onlyhave duality and complexity,but also change because of the influence ofenvironment and experience.He does not regard the principle that“Baddeeds,as well as good,may rebound upon the doer.”as the ending of thenovel,but just shows the fate of some characters to the readers according tothe reality.Hardy had no illusions about life.His attitude towards life wasquite resigned to fate.2.The Lost Generation&The Beat Generation【答案】“The Lost generation”and“the Beat Generation”came into being afterthe two World Wars in 20th Century.They emerged in different times andsocial situations.Faced with the loss of traditional values,they expresseddissatisfaction and rebellion to society in different forms.After the First World War,the traditional civilization of Europe,ofwhich the youth was proud,collapsed instantly,and Europe was in turmoil.After the war,the young man did not become the heroes that peopleworshiped.They cannot find jobs and cannot adjust to their towns andfamilies and became incompatible with the reality.Moreover,World War Icaused a more lasting trauma to intellectuals who were dissatisfied with thepursuit of economic interests but the overlook of spiritual content in society.All these changes resulted in a generation feeling confused and at a loss.They lost their old roots and could not find new directions but just expressedtheir protest against society with“lost”appearance.While as the society afterWorld War had completely suppressed human nature,the young peoplewho had been hit could no longer endure in silence.The normal resistancewas ineffective and they cannot behave as if everything had nothing to dowith them like the“lost generation”being intoxicated in the individual world.Therefore,they decided to attract the attention of the society and the publicby their peculiar and independent behaviors,thus expressing their resistanceto the mainstream authority.The two schools all displayed a mental outlook that was not compatiblewith the mainstream,but they revolted in different ways.“The LostGeneration”was“grace under pressure”,“The Beat Generation”was a nakedhowl.Although the former was pessimistic and ignored the outside world,they did not retreat passively.Under their“lost”appearance,they looked forsomething,expressing their pursuit of personal freedom from a deeper level.However,the latter expressed the same spirit of rebellion with insanity andnaked exposure.They disliked the evil big city and moved to the west,to theoriginal Mexico.In their times,people lost themselves and graduallyalienated in the society of increasing physical and right desires.Therefore,they arouse the rebellious consciousness of the resigned with crazy behaviorsto restore peoples freedom.SECTION B.There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose thebest answer lo each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10%)1.Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs ofthe English simple past morpheme?A.dB.tC.tD.dC【答案】英语一般过去式的词素有三种词素变体：d、t、d。【解析】2.When-ion in“television”is removed to get a verb“televise”,we callthis way of creating words _.A.suffixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.acronymyB【答案】逆构词法是将语言中已经存在的某个较长的词去掉想象中的词缀从而衍生出来的一个较短的词。【解析】3.In the following conversation:-Beirut is in Peru,isnt it?-And Rome is in Romania,I suppose.The second person violates the _ of the Cooperative Principle.A.Quantity MaximB.Quality MaximC.Relation MaximD.Manner MaximB【答案】质量准则第一条为“不要说自知是假的话”。【解析】4.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the languagepeople actually use,and not to lay down rules for“correct”linguisticbehavior,it is said to be _.A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.descriptiveD.psycholinguisticC【答案】现代语言学描述和分析语言事实。【解析】5.The discovery of the Indo-European language family began with thework of _.A.Jacob GrimmB.Bronislaw MalinowskiC.Leonard BloomfieldD.Sir William JonesD【答案】威廉琼斯最早正式提出印欧语假设。【解析】6.One of the properties of language is that a language user canunderstand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before.Thisproperty of language is called _.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarinessB【答案】有了创造性，说话者便能够将基本的语言单位组成无限数量的句子，而这其中的绝大数句子却是以前从未有过或听说过的。【解析】7.The consonant in English can be correctly described as having thefollowing phonetic features:A.voiceless,alveolar,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,lateralC.voiced,dental,fricativeD.voiceless,labiodental,affricateC【答案】是浊音，齿音，摩擦音。【解析】8.“I bought some roses”_“I bought some flowers”.A.entailsB.presupposesC.is inconsistent withD.is synonymous withA【答案】第二个句子的意义可以由第一个句子衍推出来。【解析】9.The process where a word or phrase refers forward to another word orphrase which occurs later in a text or conversation is called _.A.antecedentB.cataphoraC.anaphoraD.referenceB【答案】下指是对后文将要出现的内容或词项的替代。【解析】10.Which pair of words in the following is a minimal pair?A.dick,dugB.bike,pikeC.cat,petD.page,lakeB【答案】单词bike和pike只有第一个音素不同，从而导致两个单词意义不同。【解析】.Fill in the blanks with words or phrases starting with the first lettergiven below.(10%)1.S_ is the smallest component of meaning.Sememe【答案】义素是词义的基本单位。【解析】2.An e_ construction is one whose distribution is functionallyequivalent to that of one or more of its constituents,i.e.,a word or a group ofwords,which serves as a definable center of head.endocentric【答案】向心结构是一种其分布在功能上等同或趋近于整个结构中作为中心或核心的成分的结构。【解析】3.A c_ is a collection of linguistic data,either compiled as writtentexts or as a transcription of recorded speech.corpus【答案】语料是以书面语篇或录音言语描写所收集的语言数据的集合。【解析】4.A s_ is a specification of what takes place in the classroom,which usually contains the aims and contents of teaching and sometimescontains suggestions of methodology.syllabus【答案】教学大纲就是教学计划。它是对课程内容，教学步骤和学习经历的描述。【解析】5.J.R.F_ was the first professor of general linguistics in GreatBritain and he turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academicsubject in Britain.Firth【答案】弗斯是英国语言学界的中心人物。他坚持语言理论研究有其独立性，不应被视为其他学科或语言教学的附庸。【解析】6.IC analysis is the short form for i_.immediate constituent【答案】IC是直接成分分