英语句子成分讲解清晰版(课堂PPT).ppt

取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石1 句子的成分句子的成分主主语语谓谓语语表表语语宾宾语语定定语语 状状语语补补语语2一）一）主语主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于于_ WallsWalls have ears.have ears.He He will take you to the hospital.will take you to the hospital.Three plus four Three plus four equals seven.equals seven.To see To see is to believe.is to believe.Smo Smokingking is not allowed in public places.is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come Whether or not they will come depends on the depends on the weather.weather.二）谓语二）谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎怎么样么样。Action Action speaksspeaks louder than words.louder than words.The chance The chance may may never never comecome again.again.Mary Mary has been working has been working at the dress shop since at the dress shop since 1994.1994.动词动词/动词短语动词短语名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式动名词动名词句子句子句首句首3三）表语三）表语三）表语三）表语 它的位置在它的位置在它的位置在它的位置在_之后。是之后。是之后。是之后。是用来说明主语的用来说明主语的用来说明主语的用来说明主语的_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_的的的的.My father is aMy father is a professor.professor.Whos Whos thatthat?Its?Its me.me.The match became The match became very exciting.very exciting.The story of my life may be The story of my life may be of help to of help to others.others.Three times five is Three times five is fifteen.fifteen.His plan is His plan is to seek workto seek work in the city.in the city.My first idea wasMy first idea was that you should hide that you should hide your feelings.your feelings.系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron.形容词形容词 adj.介词短语介词短语数词数词不定式不定式句子句子4（四）宾语（四）宾语（四）宾语（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在宾语一般放在宾语一般放在宾语一般放在_之后。之后。之后。之后。_词后也词后也词后也词后也会跟宾语。会跟宾语。会跟宾语。会跟宾语。She covered She covered her face her face with her hands.with her hands.We havent seen We havent seen herher for a long time.for a long time.Do you mind Do you mind opening opening the window?the window?Give me Give me four four please.please.He wants He wants to dream a nice dream.to dream a nice dream.We need know We need know what others are doing.what others are doing.动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron.动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子5（五）定语（五）定语（五）定语（五）定语 是修饰是修饰是修饰是修饰_词词词词.单词作定语时通常放在它所单词作定语时通常放在它所单词作定语时通常放在它所单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之修饰的名词之修饰的名词之修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之修饰的名词之修饰的名词之修饰的名词之_。They areThey are woman woman workers.workers.TomsToms father didnt write home until father didnt write home until yesterday.yesterday.Mary is a Mary is a beautifulbeautiful girl.girl.The play has The play has threethree acts.acts.This is This is her firsther first trip trip to Europe.to Europe.China is a China is a developing developing country.country.I have nothing I have nothing to eat.to eat.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.their names here.名名前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词/不定式不定式现在分词现在分词to do 不定式不定式从句从句6六）状语六）状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.一般一般表示发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度表示发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度结果、条件、结果、条件、让步让步、伴随情况等意义伴随情况等意义。The best fish swim near the bottom.I left the village five years ago.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语7七）宾语补足语。七）宾语补足语。七）宾语补足语。七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要英语有些及物动词，除了要英语有些及物动词，除了要英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。子的意义完整。子的意义完整。子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team.We try to make our country strong.We found everything in good order there.I should advise you to get the chance.I saw him going upstairs.They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构动词的复合结构8八）主语补足语八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语应地变为主语补足语I was elected I was elected captain of the teamcaptain of the team.Our country will be made Our country will be made strong.strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样9二.五种简单句基本句型主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动动词词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及及物物动动词词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语101）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语2）The city will become rich.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化变化”类：类：_.“感官感官”类类:_.“持续持续”类：类：_.其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (证明是证明是)_get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainseem appearturn out/prove(to be)1 1主语主语 +系动词系动词 +表语表语11Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。你的故事听起来很有趣。_._.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_._.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_._.这个计划证明是可行的。这个计划证明是可行的。_._.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into the fridge,or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved (to be)practical.122主语+谓语1 1）BuildingBuilding has startedhas started.主语主语 谓语谓语2 2）The trainThe train leavesleaves at 7:40.at 7:40.主语主语 谓语谓语_搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches well.The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly.The child walks very slowly._ _搭配：搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the forest.The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词13Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴._._.Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sings happily in the tree,the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.143主语+谓语+宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.主语 谓语 宾语2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently.15Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_他许诺给我一个礼物。_He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.164主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1 1）HeHe has fetchedhas fetched us us some new some new textbookstextbooks.主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语2 2）Grandma Grandma cooked cooked us us a nice a nice meal.meal.主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 3 3）The man told the girl that he wants The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.to test her the subject.4 4）The boy asked me if I could speak The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.Chinese.17可接双宾语的常见动词有：可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promisesend,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way,has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr.White told me why he went abroad.185主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade.3）We found him a very good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.19Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.我建议他多读点书。_.他修了机器。_.我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.202121