杭州师范大学外国语学院综合英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解2011年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2012年杭州师范大学716综合英语考研真题及详解2013年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2014年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2016年杭州师范大学724综合英语考研真题及详解2017年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2019年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解Part.Cloze(20points)Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking abouttheir past lives,(1)_ about the future.These reminiscences are notsimply random or trivial memories,(2)_ is their purpose merely tomake conversation.The old persons recollections of the past help to(3)_ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile:(4)_ any rolethat brings respect or any goal that might provide(5)_ to the future,theindividual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners,that here was a life(6)_ living.(7)_,the memories form part of a continuing life(8)_,in which the old person(9)_ the events and experiences of theyears gone by and(10)_ on the overall meaning of his or her ownalmost completed life.As the life cycle(11)_ to its close,the aged must also learn to accept thereality of their own impending death.(12)_ this task is made difficultby the fact that death is almost a(13)_ subject in the United States.Themere discussion of death is often regarded as(14)_.As adults many ofus find the topic frightening and are(15)_ to think about itandcertainly not to talk about it(16)_ the presence of someone who isdying.Death has achieved this taboo(17)_ only in the modern industrialsocieties.There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to(18)_ the idea of death.It is the very fact that death remains(19)_ ourcontrol;it is almost the only one of the natural processes(20)_ is so.1.A.better thanB.rather thanC.less thanD.other than2.A.soB.evenC.norD.hardly3.A.preserveB.conserveC.resumeD.assume4.A.performingB.playingC.undertakingD.lacking5.A.orientationB.implicationC.successionD.presentation6.A.worthyB.worthC.worthlessD.worthwhile7.A.In a wordB.In briefC.In additionD.In particular8.A.prospectB.impetusC.impressionD.review9.A.integratesB.incorporatesC.includesD.interacts10.A.reckonsB.countsC.reflectsD.conceive11.A.keepsB.drawsC.inclinesD.tends12.A.ThereforeB.AndC.YetD.Otherwise13.A.tabooB.disputeC.contemptD.neglect14.A.notoriousB.indecentC.obscureD.desperate15.A.readyB.willingC.liableD.reluctant16.A.atB.onC.withD.in17.A.statusB.circumstanceC.environmentD.priority18.A.encounterB.confrontC.tolerateD.expose19.A.underB.aboveC.beyondD.within20.A.whichB.whatC.asD.that【答案与解析】1.B 句意：老年人谈论过去而不是未来。rather than而不是。better than多于；好于。less than少于。other than表示除了；不同于。故B项为正确答案。2.C 语法题。本句中前半部分为否定句，nor引导否定句且句子倒装。3.A 考查动词。preserve和conserve都有“保存，保持”的意思，但是只有preserve可以和identity搭配，表示保持住身份。resume继续。assume假设。故A项为正确答案。4.D 从上下文逻辑来看此处应选lacking（缺乏）与role搭配，意为“缺乏这种角色”。perform a role和play a role表示“起作用，承担角色”。undertake表示“承担，担任”。故D为正确答案。5.A 句意：他们不再充当受人尊敬的角色，也没有能给未来确定方向的生活目标。orientation方向。implication暗示；含义。succession连续。presentation展示。故A项为正确答案。6.B 语法题。be worth+名词/doing意为“值得”，此处的名词往往是钱数或相当于代价的比喻性名词。be worthy of意为“值得”。worthless无价值的。worthwhile值得的，作表语或定语。故B项为正确答案。7.C 语篇连接题。in addition另外。in a word总而言之。in brief简言之。in particular特别。根据上下文意思，此处需填表示递进的短语，文章前一句讲回忆有助于老年人保留住他们的身份，后一句讲回忆成为了老年人不断回顾的生活的一部分，故C项为正确答案。8.D 语意搭配题。life review生活回顾。prospect展望；前景。impetus动力，推动力。impression印象。故D项为正确答案。9.A 语意搭配题。integrate把集成；综合。incorporate合并，结合（成一体）。include包含（作为其中的一部分）。interact与交往/沟通。根据原文，老年人的生活回顾是指把过去发生的事件和他们的经历综合起来，故A项为正确答案。10.C 语意搭配题。reflect on/upon反省，反思。reckon on指望，盼望。count on指望。conceive构想出，认为。此处需要一个动词与下文的meaning搭配，因此只有“思考生命的意义”符合逻辑，故C项reflects正确。11.B 固定搭配。draw to a close渐进结束；告终。故B项为正确答案。12.C yet然而。therefore因此。and和。otherwise否则。此处表示转折，故C项为正确答案。13.A 语意搭配题。句意：死亡在美国是一个忌讳的话题。taboo禁忌，忌讳。dispute争端。contempt蔑视。neglect疏忽，不留心。故A项为正确答案。14.B 语意搭配题。indecent不成体统的，不体面的。notorious臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的。obscure晦涩的；模糊的。desperate绝望的。根据上下文，上句说死亡是忌讳的话题，因此，谈论死亡会被看作是不成体统的，故B项为正确答案。15.D 固定搭配。be reluctant to不乐意，不情愿。16.A 固定搭配。at the presence of在面前。17.A 语意搭配题。status表示“地位”，可与前面的动词achieve连用，说明在现代工业社会里，谈论死亡处于人们忌讳的境况。circumstance指某事件或动作发生时的“情况”。environment表示“环境（总称）”。priority表示“优先权”。全句可译为：只有在现代工业社会里，死亡才成为人们忌讳的话题。故A项为正确答案。18.B confront面对。encounter遭遇。tolerate容忍。expose揭露。此处表示面对死亡，故B项为正确答案。19.C 词语搭配题。beyond（指空间）在那一边，在借喻中有“超出”之意，偏重于客观事物非本身能力所能达到或完成。under control表示“情况正常，处于控制之下”。above强调本身凌驾于一般标准之上。within通常不与control连用。故C项为正确答案。20.D 考查关系从句。前方有only修饰时，关系代词只能用that。故D项为正确答案。Part.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions:In this part,you will find after each of the passages a number ofquestions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with foursuggested answers.Choose the best answer and mark the answer ON YOURANSWER SHEET.TEXT AWhen I was a schoolgirl I imagined myself at 60,clad in long black lace,gnarled hands gripping a silver-headed stick,laying down the law to mygrandchildren.That seems laughable now:plenty of people scarcely noticewhen they turn 60,planning trips and gardens and university courses intotheir 70s;we can almost think that real old age has been abolished.Butgnarled fingers havent been discontinued,eyes and ears decline as before;times winged chariot hasnt gone out of service:it simply catches up with uslater.The age,which seemed,when one was young,to represent vastantiquity,may perhaps have been pushed upwards by a decade or two,but ithasnt disappeared.Facing 80 and beyond,its not the past thats anothercountry but the future and we fear that,indeed,they do things differentlythere.Everyone knows were all living longer:in 1880,only about 160,000 in everymillion made it to 75;now its more than 600,000 and the Queen needsthousands of cards for those who reach 100.But statistics aside,how do we,cheerfully ploughing through our 60s and 70s,feel about whats to cometurning 80?So far,you could say weve never had it so good the lastgeneration.We have decent pensions,mortgages paid off and children out ofthe house(with luck);were active,involved,often still working,and if wego into hospital for this or that,we come out again nearly as good as new.Even the market is getting round to realising that we have more money thanany other age group,and classify us as“golden pleasure-seekers.”Or,at least,some of us are.The fact is,theres more difference between thehaves and have-nots in this age group than in any other,and real old age hitsthe have-nots far sooner than the lucky ones.A recent survey found that thedifference breaks squarely along the lines of money and education:those withboth are light years away from the solitary old folk that charities urge us tovisit,desperately hard up,too creaky to go out much and terrified of thugs onthe estate.Place makes a difference too:a Londoner with a free publictransport pass and concessions to cinemas and exhibitions does far better thansomeone who cant drive any more,stranded up a muddy lane in the countrywith the post office closed down and the bus running on alternate Tuesdays.Some of the people so stranded say its like being buried alive.Too manypeople make a plan for retirement that works excellently until they turn 80and cant walk the mile to the village or the bus stop and have to wait forsomeone to give them a lift.Becoming elderly is not just a question of beingold crucially,its how old.“It comes as such a surprise,”said one woman of 78,“to be let down by yourbody.You wake up,youre bright as a button,you could do anything andthen you absolutely have to have a sleep after lunch.”Increasingly,we feelthat our minds are as clear as ever,except of course for the odd“seniormoment”when you cant remember the name of your last employer or evenyour last meal.You set out for a walk with younger people,you like walks,why not,but youre absolutely knackered by the time you reach the pub.21.When the author was young,she used to think when your reach 60,_.A.you become really oldB.you can have grandchildrenC.you can wear black laceD.you become a ruler of the young22.Which is not true of the conditions of the elderly as described in thearticle?A.They are better off financially than the last generation.B.Most of them own their own houses.C.The have better health care than the last generation.D.Most of them live with their children.23.The way the elderly people live are affected by whether _.A.they take educational courses after retirementB.they live alone or notC.they live in the cities or in remote areas in the countryD.they made plans or not24.The author used the example of the 78 year old woman in the lastparagraph to show _.A.the elderly need more sleepB.the elderly cannot keep up with the youngC.our body refuses to obey our mindD.our body gets old even though our mind is not senile25.It is obvious from the article that the writer believes that _.A.people should forget about problems caused by ageB.people will never get old if they remain young in their mindsC.living longer does not mean you can escape old ageD.living longer means you can enjoy life to the full【答案与解析】21.A 根据文章开头“When I was a schoolgirl I imagined myself at 60,cladin long black lace,gnarled hands gripping a silver-headed stick,laying downthe law to my grandchildren.That seems laughable now.”作者提及这一切都是可笑的，故当你真的到六十岁时，这一切都不会发生，你是真的变老了。因此选择A项。22.D 根据文章第二段第三句“So far,you could say weve never had it sogood the last generation.We have decent pensions,mortgages paid off andchildren out of the house(with luck);”可知A、B、C符合题意。D项“和孩子一起住”与原文意思相反。因此选择D项。23.D 文章倒数第二段提到了“金钱和教育，是否会开车以及计划会影响老年人的生活方式。”因此选择D项。24.A 文章最后一段“.you could do anything and then you absolutely haveto have a sleep after lunch.”表明老年人需要更多睡眠。因此选择A项。25.C 主旨题。全文主要讲述尽管现代科技可以让我们寿命变长，但每个人都逃离不了变老这个事实。因此选择C项。TEXT BIs this the end of the language class?Taking foreign language learning out of the language classroom andintegrating it with other subjects has a strong appeal,but Kari Smith urgescaution:language acquisition is not always natural.“Thank you for the course.I wish it had been given in my own languagebecause I know I have lost out on much information during the course,andyou,the teacher,did not have the opportunity to get to know the real me,what I am able to do,what I know,what I think and who I am.”This is the message a previous student of mine wrote after having spent fivedays a week for eight months studying to be a teacher in an additionallanguage(a language other than the native language).Daniela is not the only student enrolled in one of the many immersion orContent and Language Integrated Learning(Civil)programmes in schoolsand universities around the world who feels this way.Purely for languagelearning purposes some language teachers,parents and policy makers believethat foreign language learning can be enhanced by teaching in the targetlanguage.The extent of the immersion of learners into a target foreign language varies,from teaching a subject or more in English(for the sake of convenience)tomaking the school or university an English medium institution,where allsubjects are taught in a language foreign to the students.I have seen cautiousattempts such as teaching physical education in English and more courageousprogrammes introducing the foreign language of mathematics to students inthe foreign language of English.Some attempts are even bolder:schools anduniversities teaching only in English to students whose previous schooleducation took place in their native tongue and by teachers whose Englishdoes not allow them to respond to questions beyond the lesson plan they havecarefully prepared the day before.So why are we witnessing this quest to use a foreign language as the mediumof instructiontrying to make the unnatural natural?We need to look at twobasic concepts related to becoming skilled users of an additional language.There is language acquisition and language learning.Language acquisitionhappens when the learner is surrounded by the target language,and learningtakes place in a natural way.This is exactly what happens when childrenacquire their native tongue:little or no formal language learning takes placebefore school age,and even in school we find little formal learning of newvocabulary or linguistic structures.Language acquisition occurs without anyspecial effort being put into language learning programmes.Natural teachersare parents,extended family,friends,media,etc.Immigrants learning the language of their new country often acquire thelanguage to a certain extent in the same way.They are surrounded by thetarget language outside their own family;they enjoy rich exposure to it.However,the fact that not all arrive in the new country as young children,and that the native tongue remains the language spoken in the family,addcomplexity to the process of acquisition.Therefore,new immigrants areencouraged to take specific language courses;they need to be introduced toformal language instruction alongside the many opportunities for naturalexposure.When language has to be learned with a conscious cognitive effort we talkabout language learning,which is,in a way,an unnatural way to learn alanguage.Language exposure is restricted to specific hours on specific days;learning is conscious and usually requires serious cognitive effort,mainlyfocused on learning about the target language.When the learner leaves theclass,there is little or no exposure to the target language.When English islearned in Turkey,Israel or even in Norway,this is usually what happens.Civil programmes,whether they are extensive or limited,aim at causinglanguage acquisition to take place(the natural way)in a foreign setting(which would usually require language learning)by teaching in the targetlanguage,thus creating a target language environment within theenvironment of another language.This is,as I see it,an attempt to transforman unnatural way of learning a language into the natural way of acquiringlanguages.26.The main concern of the author is with _.A.the definition of language learning and language acquisitionB.whether Civil programmes are beneficial for the studentsC.whether language should be learned naturally or unnaturallyD.the impact of foreign language on immigrants27.In an English medium institution,_.A.English is the language of instruction in all subjectsB.native language is the language of instruction in most subjectsC.English is only used in courses related to the target languageD.the teachers English is limited by their lesson plans28.Children acquire their native languages in a natural way because _.A.they are surrounded by a natural language environmentB.their teachers are trained in the target languageC.they learn the language early in schoolD.their parents take care to teach them29.Which of the following is not the reason why learning a foreign languageis not natural?A.It requires conscious cognitive efforts.B.There is no exposure outside the classroom.C.It is not encouraged by the society at large.D.Language is learnt only as a school subject.30.In general the authors attitude towards civil programmes can bedescribed as _.A.enthusiasticB.skepticalC.highly criticalD.supportive【答