河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目 录 2009 年河南师范大学外国语学院 821 基础英语考研真题及详解.4 2010 年河南师范大学外国语学院 621 基础英语考研真题及详解.20 2011 年河南师范大学外国语学院 621 基础英语考研真题及详解.36 2012 年河南师范大学外国语学院 631 基础英语考研真题及详解.52 2014 年河南师范大学外国语学院 631 基础英语考研真题及详解.70 2015 年河南师范大学外国语学院 631 基础英语考研真题及详解.90 2017 年河南师范大学外国语学院 631 基础英语考研真题及详解.107 2018 年河南师范大学外国语学院 631 基础英语考研真题及详解.124 2009 年河南师范大学外国语学院 821 基础英语考研真题及详解 .Multiple Choice(30 scores)Directions:There are 30 items in this section.Choose from the four options A,B,C,and D under each item stem the most appropriate answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.1.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers checks,which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.A.substitute B.selection C.preference D.alternative【答案】D【解析】句意：旅行时，建议你带上旅行支票，这是一种安全的旅行方式，可以代替携带现金。alternative 二中择一；供替代的选择。substitute 替代品，常跟介词 for 搭配。selection 挑选；选择。preference 偏爱；优先考虑。2.As a defense against air-pollution damage,many plants and animals _ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.A.relieve B.release C.dismiss D.discard【答案】B【解析】句意：作为对空气污染损害的防御，许多动植物释放一种物质来吸收有害化学物质。release 释放；发行。relieve 使缓解；解围。dismiss 解雇。discard 抛弃；放弃。3.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.A.it is B.what is C.there is D.as is【答案】C【解析】句意：没有人会有时间去阅读或聆听世界上正在发生的一切。there is 结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词 that 常常省略。4.I cannot advise you what to do.You must use your own _.A.opinion B.justice C.guesswork D.judgment【答案】D【解析】句意：我无法建议你该怎么做。你需要自己判断。judgment 判断力；辨别力。opinion 意见；建议。justice公正；正义。guesswork 猜测；臆测。5.If any man here does not agree with me,he should _ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.A.put on B.put out C.put in D.put forward【答案】D【解析】句意：如果在座的任何人不同意我的看法，他就应该提出自己改善这些人生活条件的计划。put forward提出。put on 穿上；戴上。put out 扑灭。put in 投入（时间、精力）；插嘴。6.The news item about the fire is followed a detailed report made _.A.on the spot B.on the site C.on the location D.on the ground【答案】A【解析】句意：在有关火灾的新闻报道之后，现场又做了详细的报道。on the spot 在（案件；新闻）现场。on the site 在工地（现场）。on the location 在位置上。on the ground 在地面上。7.The pollution question,as well as several other issues,is going to be discussed when the congress is in _ again next spring A.assembly B.session C.conference D.convention【答案】B【解析】句意：污染问题以及其他几个问题将在明年春天国会再次开会时讨论。in session 会期；开庭期。assembly集合；集会。conference 会议；谈判。convention 指政治上的会议。8.Language,culture,and personality may be considered _ of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A.indistinctly B.separately C.independently D.irrelevantly【答案】C【解析】句意：语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的，但实际上是密切相关的。independently of 独立于之外；与无关。irrelevantly 不相干地；不切题的。indistinctly 朦胧地；不明了的。separately 单独地；个别地。9.Your advice would be _ valuable to him,who is at present at his wits end.A.exceedingly B.excessively C.extensively D.exclusively【答案】A【解析】句意：你的建议对他而言格外珍贵，目前他已经黔驴技穷了。exceedingly格外地；非常地（程度）。excessively过量地（数量）。extensively 广泛地（范围）。exclusively 专有地；排他的。10.The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A.precise B.clear C.concise D.elaborate【答案】C【解析】句意：新任秘书只在几页内写了一篇非常简洁的报告，但附有所有细节。concise 简明扼要的。precise准确的。clear 清晰的；清楚的。elaborate 缜密的；复杂的。根据句意可判断具体选词。11.Whenever anything _ happens,a crowd of people is certain to gather.A.noted B.well-known C.sensational D.emotional【答案】C【解析】句意：无论发生什么耸人听闻的事情，一定会有一群人聚集在一起。sensational 耸人听闻的。noted 和well-known 均是著名的意思。emotional 情感上的；令人情绪激动的。12.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in the public mind today.A.exists B.exist C.existing D.existed【答案】A【解析】句意：对于患癌症的感知风险应该比现在的公众头脑中存在的焦虑要少。than 是连词，引导比较状语从句。省略的主语是 anxiety，因此其后接动词的单数形式。13.The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _ attitude.A.changeable B.alternate C.movable D.flexible【答案】D【解析】句意：他可以很快地适应环境，是因为他态度灵活。flexible 灵活的；可变通的。changeable 无常的；易变的。alternate 交替的；轮流的。movable 动产的；可移动的。14.We all knew from the very _ that the plan would fail.A.outcome B.outset C.outlet D.output【答案】B【解析】句意：我们从一开始就知道计划会失败的。outset 开始；开端。outcome 结局。outlet 出口；排放口。output产量；输出。15.No hazard,peril or hardship would _ the mountaineer from his intention of reaching the summit.A.deflate B.defect C.deter D.dilate【答案】C【解析】句意：任何危险、危险或困难都不能阻止登山运动员达到顶峰。deter 阻止。deflate 缩小；放气。defect变节；叛变。dilate 扩大；膨胀。16.More international trends for business and pleasure bring greater _ to other societies.A.exchange B.exposure C.expansion D.contribution【答案】D【解析】句意：更多的国际商业和娱乐趋势为其他社会带来更大的贡献。contribution 贡献。exchange 交换；交易。exposure 暴露；显露。expansion 扩大。17.Not all persons arrested and _ with a crime are guilty,and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.A.sentenced B.accused C.persecuted D.charged【答案】D【解析】句意：并不是所有被逮捕和指控的人都有罪，刑事法庭的主要作用是根据法律判定谁有罪。chargewith指控。sentence 宣判；判决。accuseof 控告；谴责。persecute 迫害。18.The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen _ into human nature.A.intellect B.perception C.insight D.understanding【答案】C【解析】句意：这本书的作者展示了他对人性的敏锐洞察力。insight into 对的洞察力。intellect 智力；理解力；智力高的。perception 与 of 搭配，意为“理解；看法”。understanding 与 of 搭配，意为“理解”。19.Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages _ television,radio,and electronic mail.A.via B.amid C.past D.across【答案】A【解析】句意：电信的发展使人们能够通过电视、广播和电子邮件发送信息。via 经由；经过（方式）。amid 在其中；在其间。past 经过（位置）。across 表面穿过。20.Even at discounted prices,these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond _ for most of the worlds 40 million HIV-infected people.A.reach B.control C.comprehension D.imagination【答案】D【解析】句意：即使以折扣价，这些强大的艾滋病药物对世界上 4000 万艾滋病毒感染者来说也远远超出想象。beyond imagination 超乎想象。beyond reach 够不着。beyond control 无法控制；超出控制。beyond comprehension无法理解；不可思议。21.Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate,but,of course,it is not easy to make the _ from one culture to another.A.transaction B.transportation C.transmission D.transition【答案】D【解析】句意：任何一个能够出国留学的人都是幸运的，但是，当然，要从一种文化过渡到另一种文化并不容易。transition 转变；过渡。transaction 交易；事物。transportation 运输；运输系统。transmission 播送；传送。22.Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave _.A.at the spot B.for the spot C.on the spot D.in the spot【答案】C【解析】句意：任何人只要违反规定，当场就得离开。on the spot 立刻；当场。其余搭配有误。23.Those who _ womens liberation movement continue to hope,and work,for a change.A.consist in B.indulge in C.believe in D.result in【答案】C【解析】句意：那些为妇女解放运动作出贡献的人继续希望并努力进行变革。believe in 信仰；相信。consist in在于；存在于。indulge in 沉迷于；沉溺于。result in 导致。24.Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57.8 per cent and 46.8 per cent,_,over May 2008.A.individually B.accordingly C.correspondingly D.respectively【答案】D【解析】句意：地方城乡零售额比 2008 年 5 月分别增长 57.8%和 46.8%。respectively 分别；各自。individually个别；单独。accordingly 因此；相应地。correspondingly 相应地；相对地。25.You may never experience an earthquake or a volcanic eruption in your life,but you will _ changes in the land.A.adapt B.adopt C.witness D.define【答案】C【解析】句意：在你的生活中，你可能从未经历过地震或火山爆发，但你会看到土地的变化。witness 目击。adapt适应于。adopt 采取；收养。define 解释；规定。26.The _ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers,especially chain smokers.A.incident B.accident C.incidence D.evidence【答案】C【解析】句意：肺癌的发病率在长期大量吸烟的人群中特别高，尤其是连续吸烟的人群。incidence 发病率。incident事件。accident 事故。evidence 证据。27.The four disrespectful sons began to feel worried about the ultimate _ of the familys property.A.proposal B.disposal C.removal D.salvation【答案】B【解析】句意：四个无礼的儿子开始担心家庭财产的最终处置。disposal处理；处置。proposal提议；建议。removal移走；挪开。salvation 拯救；救助。28.This great project at the Three Gorges of Yangtze is expected to _ twenty years to complete.A.take B.spend C.consume D.need【答案】A【解析】句意：这个在长江三峡的伟大工程预计需要 20 年的时间才能完成。take 需要时间；费时。spend 花费。介词用 indoing 或 on sth。consume 消费；消耗；大吃大喝。need 需要。29.Finding out about these companies has become easy for any one with internet _.A.entrance B.admission C.access D.entry【答案】C【解析】句意：对于任何一个上网的人来说，了解这些公司都变得很容易。internet access 互联网接入。entrance入口。admission 承认；加入许可。entry 加入；准入。30.The following account by the author _ the difference between European and American reactions.A.illustrates B.acquires C.demands D.deletes【答案】A【解析】句意：下面作者的叙述说明了欧美反应的不同。illustrate 解释；阐明。acquire 取得。demand 要求；需求。delete 删除。.Error Correction(20 scores)Directions:In each of the following sentences there is an error in it.Find out the error and write the correct answer to each of them on the ANSWER SHEET.1.Thirteen hundred medical professionals,all of which have been trained to treat drug dependency,attended the annual convention sponsored by a society.A.Thirteen hundred B.all of which C.attended D.sponsored【答案】B【解析】all of whom。非限制性定语从句修饰“医学专家”，先行词是人，用 all of whom。2.Perhaps surprisingly the main obstacles to realizing this dream is neither technical nor commercial.A.surprisingly B.main C.realizing D.neither【答案】C【解析】realize。不定式符号 to 后跟动词原形。3.When he speaks at banquets,he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake hands with every waiter and waitress.A.at B.makes C.to shake D.every【答案】C【解析】shaking。and 连接句法结构相似的短语或句子，前面是 going，后面要用 shaking，同作 of 的宾语。4.Other guests at yesterdays opening,which was broadcast alive by the radio station,included the princess and her husband.A.at B.broadcast C.alive D.included【答案】C【解析】live。直播用的是 live。alive 意为“活着的；有生机的”。5.The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing the patient in person.A.made possible B.make C.without seeing D.in person【答案】A【解析】made it possible。make it possible(for sb)to do 意为“使成为可能”。6.The reason why I love watching Jack surf is because he is so graceful and beautiful when he surfs.A.why B.watching C.because D.graceful【答案】C【解析】that。The reason whyis that是固定搭配。做某事的原因是。7.I often wonder what my life would be like if I didnt go to the beach that day when I was 15.A.wonder B.what C.didnt go D.was【答案】C【解析】hadnt gone。表示对过去发生事情的虚拟，从句助动词用 hadnt。8.His recommendation that Air Force investigates the UFO sighting was approved by the commission and referred to the appropriate.A.investigates B.was C.by D.appropriate【答案】A【解析】should investigate。此名词性从句解释 recommendation（提议），因此从句用虚拟语气。9.This research program is financed by two funds,the largest of which could last for two years.A.This B.financed C.the largest D.for【答案】C【解析】the larger。两个基金的对比，故用比较级。10.Many young consumers do not have steady incomes,so they might have difficulty to borrow money from an agency in business to make loans.A.do not have B.so C.to borrow D.make loans【答案】C【解析】borrowing。have difficulty(in)doing sth 意为“做某事有困难”。.Cloze Test(20 scores)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.Choose from the four options A,B,C,and D the most appropriate answer to each blank and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.For many people today,reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up their work they must read letters,reports,trade publications,interoffice communications,not to mention newspapers and magazines;a never-ending flood of words.In(1)_ a job or advancing in one,the ability to read and comprehend(2)_ can mean the difference between success and failure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are(3)_ readers.Most of us develop poor reading(4)_ at an early age,and never get over them.The main deficiency(5)_ in the actual stuff of language itselfwords.Taken individually,words have(6)_ meaning until they are strung together into phrases,sentences and paragraphs.(7)_,however,the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriously reads one word at a time,often regressing to(8)_ words or passages.Regression,the tendency to look back over(9)_ you have just read,is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which(10)_ down the speed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word either orally or mentally as(11)_ reads.To overcome these bad habits,some reading clinics use a device called an(12)_,which moves a bar(or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed.The bar is set at a slightly faster rate(13)_ the reader finds comfortable,in order to“stretch”him.The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,(14)_ word-by-word reading,regression and subvocalization,practically impossible.At first,(15)_ is sacrificed for speed.But when you learn to read ideas and concepts,you will not only read faster,(16)_ your comprehension will improve.Many people have found(17)_ reading skill dramatically improved after some training.(18)_ Charles Au,a business manager,for instance,his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute(19)_ the training,now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute.He is delighted that how he can(20)_ a lot more reading materials in a short period of time.1.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting 2.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly 3.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent 4.A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom 5.A.lies B.combines C.touches D.involves 6.A.some B.a lot C.little D.dull 7.A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately 8.A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite 9.A.what B.which C.that D.if 10.A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures 11.A.some one B.one C.he D.reader 12.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer 13.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than 14.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating 15.A.meaning B.comprehension C.gist D.regression 16.A.but B.nor C.or D.for 17.A.our B.your C.their D.such 18.A.Look at B.Take C.Make D.Consider 19.A.for B.in C.after D.before 20.A.master B.go over C.present D.get through【答案与解析】1.D 根据句意分析可知，是得到一份工作。apply 和 for 连用意为“申请”，才能和工作搭配。2.A 根据句意分析可知，快速阅读和理解的能力对成功还是失败有影响。3.C yet 是转折连词，说明前后情况不同，所以是我们大多是阅读能力差的阅读者。4.B 根据后文提示 them，可知此处是可数名词的复数；根据句意分析，无法克服的是我们的习惯。5.A 固定搭配，lie in 在于。involve in参与；涉及。6.C little 是否定词，意为“几乎没有”。合乎逻辑。7.D 此句意为“然而不幸的是未受训练的阅读者无法读懂句子。”logically 合乎逻辑地。8.B 此句意为“他吃力地一字一字地读，常常倒退着重读单词或段落。”9.A what 作为连接代词，引导宾语从句。what 意为“的东西”。10.C slow down 放缓速度。scale down 按比例减少。cut down 削减。11.B 本段前文已经出现 you，在此选 one（泛指人们，我们，你）来代替 you。some one 无此用法。如果用 reader，前面应加定冠词。he 不能与该段逻辑一致。12.A 此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选 accelerator(快读器)。actor 演员。amplifier 放大器。observer 观察者。13.D 前面的 faster 决定了应当选 than，构成比较级。14.C 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enable相当于 making possible。lead 引导。indicate 指出；表明。都不合题意。只有 making(使，使得)最合适。15.B 这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选 comprehension(理解力)。meaning 意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义。gist 大意；要旨 regression 回顾。16.A 与前半句中的 not only 相呼应，构成句式“不仅，而且”，只有选 but，而 nor，or 或 for 均不能构成固定用法。17.C 本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是 their。18.B take 与后面的 for instance 构成短语，意为：“以例”，其他三项不能构成搭配。19.D 这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较，因此选 before。20.D 此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master 掌握。go over 复习。present 呈现，展现。此三项均不妥，只有 get through(读完)最恰当。.Reading Comprehension(40 scores)Directions:In this section there are four passages under which there are totally 20 multiple choice items.Write your answers corresponding to the items on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy.Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier,have better marriages and have more respectable occupations.Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs.Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.But in the executive circle,beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder,it is harmful to woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men;effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive fe