桂林电子科技大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（B卷）及详解2016年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解2016年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（B卷）及详解2017年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解2018年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15 points,1 point for each)1.OTC非处方药【答案】2.IOC国际奥林匹克委员会【答案】3.GPS全球定位系统【答案】4.CAD计算机辅助设计【答案】5.IPO首次公开募股【答案】6.intralingual translation语内翻译【答案】7.irrevocable L/C不可撤销信用证【答案】8.force majeure不可抗力【答案】9.For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣【答案】10.minutes of a meeting会议记录【答案】11.high-end consumer product高端消费品【答案】12.boomerang children啃老族【答案】13.penalty kick罚点球【答案】14.lunar rover探月车【答案】15.Ebola phobia埃博拉恐慌【答案】.Translate the following terms into English.(15 points,1 point for each)1.沪港通Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect【答案】2.亚太自贸区FTAAP（Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific）【答案】3.信息产业部MII(Ministry of Information Industry)【答案】4.芦笛岩Reed Flute Cave【答案】5.冬至winter solstice【答案】6.落地签证visa on arrival【答案】7.传销窝点pyramid selling den【答案】8.舌尖上的中国A Bite of China【答案】9.留守儿童left behind children【答案】10.农家乐agritainment【答案】11.上海书展Shanghai Book Fair【答案】12.雾霾天气hazy weather【答案】13.学术造假academic cheating【答案】14.抗震救灾earthquake relief【答案】15.商标侵权trademark infringement【答案】.Translate the following passage into Chinese.(60 points)No one can deny that in recent years the need to“save the planet”fromglobal warming has become one of the most pervasive issues of our time.AsTony Blairs chief scientific adviser,Sir David King,claimed in 2004,itposes“a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism”,warningthat by the end of this century the only habitable continent left will beAntarctica.Inevitably,many people have been bemused by this somewhat one-sideddebate,imagining that if so many experts are agreed,then there must besomething in it.But if we set the story of how this fear was promoted in thecontext of other scares before it,the parallels which emerge might leave anyhonest believer in global warming feeling uncomfortable.The story of how the panic over climate change was pushed to the top of theinternational agenda falls into five main stages.Stage one came in the 1970swhen many scientists expressed alarm over what they saw as a disastrouschange in the earths climate.Their fear was not of warming but globalcooling,of“a new Ice Age”.For three decades,after a sharp rise in the interwar years up to 1940,globaltemperatures had been falling.The one thing certain about climate is that it isalways changing.Since we began to emerge from the last Ice Age 20,000years ago,temperatures have been through significant swings several times.The hottest period occurred around 8,000 years ago and was followed by along cooling.Then came what is known as the“Roman Warming”,coinciding with the Roman empire.Three centuries of cooling in the DarkAges were followed by the“Mediaeval Warming”,when the evidence agreesthe world was hotter than today.In the past three years,we have seen the EU announcing every kind ofmeasure geared to fighting climate change,from building ever more highly-subsidised wind turbines,to a commitment that by 2050 it will have reducedcarbon emissions by 60 per cent.This is a pledge that could only be met bysuch a massive reduction in living standards.【参考译文】无人否认，“拯救地球”、遏制全球变暖趋势的必要性近年来已成为我们这个时代最具普遍性的问题之一。正如托尼布莱尔的首席科学顾问戴维金爵士2004年所说的那样，这个问题“对全世界的构成的威胁远比国际恐怖主义大得多”，并警告说，到本世纪末，唯一剩下的可居住的大陆将是南极洲。对这种多少有些片面的论调，许多人难免感到困惑，设想如果如此多的专家在这一点上意见一致，那么肯定会有某些道理。但是如果我们联系之前所产生过的其他恐惧来看待这种担心所生发的过程，他们之间的相似之处则可能会令那些真心相信全球变暖的人感到不安。对气候变化的恐慌被推至全球议事日程之首，这经历了五个主要阶段。第一阶段开始于上世纪70年代，当时许多科学家认为地球的气候正经历灾难性的变化，并为此发出了警告。他们担心的不是全球变暖，而是“一个新的冰河时代”所带来的全球降温。在截至1940年前的两次世界大战之间，全球气温急剧上升，之后的30年中，气温则持续下降。关于气候有一点是可以肯定的，那就是它始终在变化之中。自两万年前我们开始走出最后一个冰河时代以来，全球气温经历了几次重大的变化。最热的时期出现在8000年前，紧接着一个漫长的凉爽期。随后是众所周知的“罗马温暖期”，时值罗马帝国时期。黑暗时代三百年的凉爽期过后是“中世纪温暖期”，有迹象表明当时的世界比现在还热。在过去的三年里，欧盟宣布采取各种旨在遏制气候变化的措施，如政府以从未有过的高额补贴修建风力发电机组，并承诺到2050年将二氧化碳排放量减少60%。如果不大幅度降低人们的生活水平，这样的保证恐怕无法实现。IV.Translate the following passage into English.(60 points)老舍茶馆并非老舍先生或者其后人开的茶馆，也非老舍先生笔下茶馆的原型。以“老舍茶馆”命名，一来可以让人立刻联想到老舍先生的名作茶馆中描写老北京市井风情的画面，二来是因为茶与传统戏剧一样，都是中国传统文化的一部分，而且将戏曲曲艺与茶馆相结合的形式，在老北京早已有之。另外，老舍先生作为老一辈“人民艺术家”，创作了多部反映北京城市市民生活的作品，是北京文化的杰出代表。四合茶院融合了“北方庄重、南方素雅”的特点，材质上选用了大量的玻璃和木材，在保留老北京四合院正房原貌的同时，还将厢房变得错落有致、变化多端，弥补了场地的不足，也体现了传统与现代的完美结合。而院落中那萋萋草坪、轻盈低啭的小鸟、个性化的装潢则增添了小院的几分灵动。【参考译文】Lao She Teahouse is neither opened by Lao She or his descendants nor theprototype of the play Teahouse written by Lao She.The fact that it is namedas Lao She Teahouse on the one hand can instantly remind people of localcustoms of the old Beijing described in Lao Shes famous work Teahouse.On the other hand,it is because that tea,which is like traditional drama,is apart of traditional Chinese culture.Besides,the combination between Chineseopera and teahouse has long been created in the old Beijing.In addition,asone of the peoples artists of the old generation,Lao She wrote severalliterary works reflecting peoples life in Beijing,which are the excellentrepresentatives of Beijing culture.Tea courtyard,made of a large quantity of glass and wood,incorporatessolemnness of the North with elegance of the South.It not only preserves theoriginal appearance of the principal room in courtyard but also has wing-rooms been well-proportioned and variable,solving the problem ofinsufficiency of the place as well as embodying the perfect combination ofthe traditional culture and modern style.Furthermore,verdant lawn in theyard,chirping birds and personalized decoration add vitality to the yard.2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（B卷）及详解.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15 points,1 point for each)1.NBA全美篮球协会【答案】2.ISO国际标准化组织【答案】3.UNESCO联合国教科文组织【答案】4.CAM计算机辅助制造【答案】5.ASEAN东盟【答案】6.documentary L/C跟单信用证【答案】7.board resolution董事会决议案【答案】8.A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器【答案】9.interlingual translation语际翻译【答案】10.sense of good usage良好使用意识【答案】11.admission office招生办【答案】12.the State Council国务院【答案】13.time deposit定期存款【答案】14.by hook and by crook不择手段【答案】15.chief arbitrator首席仲裁员【答案】.Translate the following terms into English.(15 points,1 point for each)1.司法部Justice Ministry【答案】2.拼车carpool【答案】3.回扣rebate【答案】4.量子计算机quantum computer【答案】5.穷游travel on a budget【答案】6.儒学家Confucian【答案】7.水浒传Water Margin【答案】8.叠彩山Piled Silk Hill【答案】9.立冬Beginning of Winter【答案】10.和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence【答案】11.扶贫poverty relief【答案】12.学术委员会academic board【答案】13.经济特区special economic zone(SEZ)【答案】14.违约金liquidated damage【答案】15.入境签证entry visa【答案】.Translate the following passage into Chinese.(60 points)The United Nations has released population data confirming the continuationof long-term global demographic trends and a larger global population thanpreviously projected.Nations cannot afford to ignore trends includingreduced fertility among most nations and limited family planning for others,and growing ranks of the elderly and accelerated urbanization pose newchallenges.The world population is larger.Global population achieved a milestone in2011,hitting the 7 billion mark.Currently at 7.2 billion,the world isprojected to increase by almost another billion people,climbing to 8.1 billionby 2025.The population is older.Countries continue to age substantially,with thoseaged 60 or older the fastest growing segment.In developed countries,almostone in four is an older person,with more older people than children.Fertilityis lower and family size smaller.The decline in population growth at theworld level is the consequence of near universal reduction of fertility.Women are marrying later or not at all,postponing childbearing and havingfewer or no children,and fertility has fallen to 2.5 children per woman.People are also living longer.Life expectancy is higher in most countries dueto systematic progress against mortality.One can expect to live to age 77 indeveloped countries and to age 67 in developing countries.The world is more urbanized.More than half of the worlds populationconsists of urban dwellers,and this is expected to climb to two-thirds by mid-century.International migration is increasing in both volume and impact.Although the increase in the number of migrants has faltered in the aftermathof the global economic recession,more people than ever reside in a countryother than where they were born.There are 232 million internationalmigrants,3 percent of world population.Most of the planets people will live in cities.Virtually all expectedpopulation growth will be concentrated in the urban areas of poor countriesincreasing the threat of pollution and epidemic.By 2050,the number ofpeople living in cities will almost be equal to todays world population.In1950,only two cities in the world had at least 10 million inhabitants.Today,23 megacities have more than 10 million inhabitants;by 2025,the number ofmegacities is projected to reach 37.【参考译文】联合国公布的人口数据证实，全球人口的长期趋势仍呈持续增长态势，全球人口数量要大于此前的预测值。各国已承担不起无视发展趋势造成的后果。这些趋势包括：大多数国家生育率下降，而另一些国家在推行计划生育政策方面的力度有限，老龄人口的持续增加和城市化进程的加速构成新的挑战。世界人口在增加。全球人口2011年达到70亿的标志值，具有里程碑意义。全球人口目前已达72亿。到2025年，世界人口预计还将增加10亿，达到81亿。人口在老龄化。各国老龄化幅度仍很高，60岁及以上者是增长速度最快的群体。在发达国家，差不多每4个人中就有1个老年人，老年人数量已超过儿童数量。生育率更低。家庭规模在缩小。从世界范围看，导致人口增量下滑的原因是，生育率几乎普遍在下降。女性晚婚，或者根本不结婚，晚育，少育，或不生育。生育率已降至每名女性生育2.5个孩子。人们也更长寿。大多数国家的预期寿命更高，因为在应对死亡率方面取得了系统性的进展。发达国家和发展中国家的预期寿命分别可达77岁和67岁。当今世界的城市化程度更高了。城市居民占世界人口一半以上。预计到本世纪中叶，城市居民所占世界人口比例将增加2/3。国际移民的数量和影响都在持续增加。虽然全球经济衰退导致移民数量下降，但在非出生地定居的人数超过了以往任何时候。国际移民数量目前为2.32亿，占世界人口的3%。地球上的大多数人都将生活在城市里。几乎所有预测新增人口都将集中在穷国的城市地区，这将增加环境污染和传染病流行的风险。到2050年，城市人口数量几乎等同与当今世界人口的数量。1950年，世界只有两个城市的居民数量达到1000万。而今已有23个特大城市的人口数量超过1000万；到2025年，特大城市数量预计会达到37个。IV.Translate the following passage into English.(60 points)坚持明确各自责任与加强国际合作的平衡。地球是人类的共同家园，建设生态文明需要世界各国齐心协力。上世纪80年代以来，近200个国家和地区通力合作，落实保护臭氧层国际协定，有效阻止了紫外线辐射对人类的危害。我们应有对人类共同负责和人类间相互包容的精神，秉持平等、互助、合作、共赢宗旨，加强绿色科技国际交流，扩大绿色产业国际合作，实现各国共同绿色发展。在国际合作中，应考虑各国发展阶段和发展能力的差异，坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则。发达国家应兑现承诺、承担义务，向发展中国家提供更多的资金、技术支持。发展中国家应制定并实施生态环境保护战略，在全球保护生态行动中发挥更积极作用。【参考译文】We need to strike a balance between clear responsibilities and internationalcooperation.The earth is the common home for mankind and ecologicalconservation calls for the efforts of all countries on this planet.Thanks to theconcerted efforts of nearly 200 countries and regions since the 1980s,theinternational agreement on protecting the ozone layer has been implemented,effectively shielding mankind from the hazards of ultraviolet radiation.Weshould be responsible for and promote tolerance among mankind and work ina spirit of equality,mutual assistance,and mutual benefit to strengtheninternational exchanges in green technologies,expand internationalcooperation in green industries and achieve common green development.Ininternational cooperation,the differences between countries in their stagesand levels of development should be taken into account and the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”should be upheld.Developedcountries should deliver on their commitments,shoulder obligations andincrease funding and technological support to developing countries.Developing countries,on their part,need to develop and implementenvironmental protection strategies and play an active role in the relevantglobal endeavors to protect the environment.2016年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15 points,1 point for each)1.MTI翻译硕士专业学位【答案】2.ISIS伊斯兰国【答案】3.checks and balances三权分立【答案】4.gross profit毛利润【答案】5.Easter复活节【答案】6.House of Common（英国、加拿大的）下议院【答案】7.Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂【答案】8.grammar school（英）文法学校【答案】9.rule of law法治【答案】10.A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦【答案】11.tertiary industry第三产业【答案】12.flipped classroom翻转课堂【答案】13.federalism联邦制【答案】14.medicaid（美）医疗补助计划【答案】15.time of delivery交货时间【答案】.Translate the following terms into English.(15 points,1 point for each)1.一带一路the Belt and Road【答案】2.中国东盟China-ASEAN【答案】3.实事求是seek truth from facts【答案】4.义务教育compulsory education【答案】5.农民工migrant worker【答案】6.互联网Internet plus【答案】7.万众创新mass innovation【答案】8.出口配额export quotas【答案】9.房贷Mortgage【答案】10.民营企业private enterprise【答案】11.刑法criminal law【答案】12.恐怖袭击terrorist attack【答案】13.基督教Christianity【答案】14.自助游DIY tour【答案】15.资源节约型resource-saving【答案】.Translate the following passage into Chinese.(60 points)Generally speaking,a liberal education,as the name suggests,is an educationfor freedom.As one commentator describes it,“a liberal education ought tomake a person independent out of mind,skeptical of authority and receivedviews,prepared to forge an identity for himself or herself,and capable ofbecoming an individual not bent upon copying other persons.”Accordingly,liberal education is often valued or justified as a means for acquiring thecritical thinking skills that are necessary to attain individual autonomy as wellas for meeting the demands of an ever changing world.Given this importantyet broad purpose,no wonder there is such a vast array of subjects anddisciplines that fall within the range of liberal education.While this understanding of liberal education as the acquisition of criticalthinking skills and individual autonomy is currently in fashion,it is not theonly understanding.Traditionally,the ultimate purpose had been the pursuitof leisure not critical thinking skills.While developing a critical mind wasincluded in liberal studies,the ultimate purpose was to cultivate a life ofreflection that transcends the workday world.Liberal education for leisuresought to break through a perplexed view of the world and awaken wonder atmere being.Today,the conditions of modern life suggest how out of place a call forleisure sounds.Our attention is directed toward utilitarian pursuits,includingthe exploitation of our worlds resources.Surveying contemporary culture,Josef also notes the tendency of work for works sake.This work-obsessedculture makes total claims on time and space,reducing learning to“the wayof expediency,”wherein information and knowledge are accumulated forpower and mastery.【参考译文】一般来说，顾名思义，通才教育是一种自由的教育形式。正如一名评论家所描述的，通才教育应当使人思想独立、敢于质疑权威和别人的观点，并为自己建立一个代表自己身份的观点，并能使人有能力成为独立个体，而不是去效仿他人。因此，通才教育被证明或被评价为获得批判性思维，并以获得个人的自由独立以及适应多变世界需求的一种手段。考虑到这种重要用途，毫无疑问，如此众多的学科和准则都属于通才教育的范畴。将通才教育看作是获得批判性思维能力和个人的独立自由的观点在现在很流行，但这不是唯一的理解。传统上，通才教育的最终目的是追求自由的思想，而不是批判性思维能力。虽然发展批判性思想包括于通才教育中，但终极目标是要对生活的思考态度超越平凡的世界。追求休闲的通才教育要打破不再对世界抱有幻想的观点，并唤醒人们的好奇心。如今，现代生活的条件表明，追求休闲是多么地不合时宜。我们大部分的注意力都是对实用主义的追求，甚至包括对自然资源的利用上太过功利。审视当代的西方文化，约瑟夫也认为，为工作而工作具有普遍性。工作狂文化使所有的人都在争取时间和空间，学习已沦为一种权宜之计，信息和知识的积累只是为了未来的权利和控制。.Translate the following passage into English.(60 points)“桂风壮韵三月三”精彩开场本报南宁讯（记者/罗劲松）4月21日，2015年广西壮族“三月三”文化活动开场仪式“桂风壮韵三月三”展演在广西民族博物馆举行。非物质文化遗产壮剧代表性传承人张琴音与农济民携手登台，一同唱响“开台歌”。广西历届“歌王”与壮族嘹歌、侗族大歌、瑶族蝴蝶歌歌手轮番上台演唱。老、中、青五代刘三姐扮演者登台，接力唱响彩调、歌舞剧刘三姐主题歌。开场仪式后，观众饶有兴趣地参与民族活动互动表演。工艺大师现场展示优秀技艺。【参考译文】“Charming Guilin on the March 3rd”,a Wonderful OpenningBy Luo JingsongNanningThe exhibition“Charming Guilin on the March 3rd”,the openingceremony of the March 3rd Festival of Guangxi Zhuang AutonomousRegion,was held in Guangxi Museum of Nationalities on April 21st,2015.Zhang Qinyin and Nong Jimin,representatives of Zhuang drama which isintangible cultural heritage sing the initial song.All previous championsingers of Guangxi,tog