蜂巢结构的应用与研究.doc
《蜂巢结构的应用与研究.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《蜂巢结构的应用与研究.doc(23页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、J I A N G S U U N I V E R S I T Y蜂巢结构仿生研究与应用 学院名称: 京江学院 专业班级: J高分子1101 学生姓名: 胡文文 学 号: 41211260 16 指导老师: 吴平 2005年 12月Estimation of human-hemoglobin using honeycomb structure:An application of photonic crystalabstract This paper proposes a method to estimate the hemoglobin concentration in human blood
2、 using 2D honeycomb photonic crystal structure. Though a few works deal with similar kind of investigation, presentresearch delivers an accurate estimation of hemoglobin as compared to previous works. The principleof investigation is based on linear variation of both photonic band gap and absorbance
3、s with respect to different concentration of hemoglobin in human blood. Aside these variations, energy transmittedthrough honeycomb photonic crystal structure is also varied linearly with respect to same concentration.In this work, photonic band gap of honeycomb structure is found using plane wave e
4、xpansion method,whereas absorbance of same structure is computed by employing Maxwell Curl equation. Finally, simulation result revealed that transmitted energy through two dimensional honeycomb photonic crystalstructure containing blood is nicely fitted with linear trend line (R2 = 1) which lead to
5、 an accurate investigation of hemoglobin in human blood. At last, this paper proposes an experimental set up to measurethe said concentrations with the help of an Arduino developmentboard(Uno)containingAtmega320microcontroller.Keywords:Honeycomb photonic crystal structurePhotonic band gapTransmitted
6、 energ1. IntroductionPhotonics crystals are made, artificially created materials inwhich refractive index is periodically modulated in a scale comparable to the scale of the wavelength. Though the concept ofphotonic crystal has originated in the year 1857 by Lord Rayleigh,the research work in the fi
7、eld of photonic crystals is realized afteralmost 100 years, when Yablonovitch and John published twomilestone papers on photonic crystals in 1987 13, since then,photonics have been progressing hastily and showing a remarkableresearch in the field of science and technology. As far as, application of
8、photonic-devices are concerned, photonic crystal play animportant role to envisage various application in modern technology 46. Though photonic crystal is used for different application,sensing application is one of the major relevance in photonics. As faras literature surveys on sensing application
9、 using photonic crystalstructure is concerned, recently few papers deal with similar typeof research 713. Considering a brief remark on above references,it is seen that reference 7 presents a novel method to find out theconcentration of sugar, salt, and alcohol in their aqueous solution.In this case
10、, the author used 2D photonic crystal structure with11 11 air holes.Also using same technique, concentration of PAMhydrogel and strength of Cygel is investigated in Refs. 8,9, respectively. Also in Refs. 10,11, the concentration of potassium chloridein their aqueous and intrallipid in human blood is
11、 estimated usingphotonic crystal fiber. Apart from these, measurement of glycerolin BHG solution and concentration of hemoglobin in humanblood is investigated using 3D photonic crystal structure in Refs.12,13, respectively. Though Ref. 13 measures the concentrationof hemoglobin in human blood using
12、3D photonic crystal structure,it is hard to fabricate 3D owing to photonic crystal structure. We inthis paper investigate the concentration of hemoglobin in humanblood using 2D honeycomb photonic crystal structure. The reasonfor choosing such structure is that it can be easily fabricated; secondly,
13、these structures predict accurate result as compared to 3Dphotonic crystal structure, which is carried out in Ref. 13.Hemoglobin is a main component of the blood, which isimportant for transportation of oxygen in blood, which leadsto circulation of blood in vein. This circulation of human bloodsyste
14、m has default functions, such as supply of oxygen to tissues, supply of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fattyacids, removal of waste such as carbon dioxide, urea, lactic acid,immunological functions, including circulation of white cells, anddetection of foreign materials by antibodies, c
15、oagulation, messenger functions, regulation of body PH, regulation oh core bodytemperature hydraulic function etc. for normal human body. Adeficiency of hemoglobin in human blood creates serious problemsuch as downstream tissue dysfunction, Leukemia, iron deficiency,anemia, multiple myeloma, etc. 14
16、17. Keeping the importanceof hemoglobin in human blood, this paper estimates the concentration of hemoglobin in both oxygenated and deoxygenatedblood.This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the structure of the honeycomb photonic crystal structure including theprinciple of measurement
17、. Simulation result and interpretation ismade in Section 3. Section 4 proposes an experimental set up andfinally conclusions are drawn in Section 5.2. Honeycomb structure and principle of measurementAs far as measurement of hemoglobin in human blood is concerned, we use 2D honeycomb photonic crystal
18、 structure for thesame, which is shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 1 represents honeycomb photonic crystal structure having gallium Arsenide as background material containing air holes,where bloods with different percentage (g/L) of hemoglobin areinfiltrated. The proposed structure consists of 9 numbers of air h
19、olessuch that diameter of air holes is 420 nm and lattice spacing of thestructure is 1 m. The principle of measurement is based on linear variation of reflected energy and absorbance with respect toconcentration of hemoglobin in human blood. When light havingwavelength of 589 nm incident on honeycom
20、b structure containingblood with different percentage of hemoglobin then, some amountof light will get reflect and some amount of light will be absorbed bythe structure. The rest amount of light will be transmitted throughthe structure. Since the principle is based on linear variation ofboth reflect
21、ed and absorbance, intensity transmitted through honeycomb structure also varies linearly with respect to hemoglobinconcentration in the blood which is a key factor (linear variation)to realize accurate investigation of hemoglobin in human blood.We use simple mathematical equation to find out the re
22、flectedenergy, absorbance and transmitted energy for investigation ofhemoglobin. As far as, energy reflected from honeycomb structure is concerned, it is obtained from dispersion diagram, whichis carried out by employing plane wave expansion method 18In this case, we computed normalized frequency (a
23、/) fromdispersion diagram, then the values of reflected energy (ER) is calculated using following simple equation:ER=hc/R,where R is reflected wavelength, which is found from dispersion diagram.Since, wavelength 589 nm is used to investigate hemoglobinconcentration; the energy of incident light (EI)
24、 corresponding tothis wavelength is found using following expression.EI (2)where is the incident wavelength (589 nm)Using (1) and (2), the energy transmitted through the structureis written asET = E0 ER (3)Eq. (3) represents as transmitted energy without considerationof absorption loss. However, fro
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 蜂巢 结构 应用 研究
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【w****g】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【w****g】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。