动词的时态和语态市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

动词时态和语态动词时态和语态第1页英语动词共有英语动词共有16种时态，最基本惯用有：种时态，最基本惯用有：现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：普通现在时，现在完成时，普通现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在完成进行时现在进行时，现在完成进行时普通过去时，过去完成时，普通过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，（过去完成进行时）过去进行时，（过去完成进行时）普通未来时，未来完成时，普通未来时，未来完成时，未来进行时，（未来完成进行时）未来进行时，（未来完成进行时）第2页 普通现在时：普通现在时：1.表示经常性、习惯性动作；表示现在表示经常性、习惯性动作；表示现在 状态、特征、能力、客观存在或真状态、特征、能力、客观存在或真 理。句中惯用理。句中惯用always,often,usually,sometimes,every day 等时间状语等时间状语Tom goes to work every day.（经常动作）（经常动作）The machine runs smoothly.(特征特征)He is very happy.(现在状态现在状态)The earth moves around the sun.(客观真理客观真理)第3页普通现在时态特殊使用方法：普通现在时态特殊使用方法：1.在时间和条件状语从句中，用普通现在在时间和条件状语从句中，用普通现在 时态表示未来动作。时态表示未来动作。Ill go to see you when I have time.Ill go to see you if I have time tomorrow.2.一些动词，如：一些动词，如：stand,continue,wish,love,like,hate,feel,find,think等惯用普通现在时态等惯用普通现在时态 He loves nature.I wish to be back soon.第4页 现在完成时态：现在完成时态：2.表示过去某一动作对现在造成影响表示过去某一动作对现在造成影响,谓谓 语动词常为非延续性动词。语动词常为非延续性动词。1.表示从过去某一时间一直延续到现在表示从过去某一时间一直延续到现在 动作或状态，惯用延续性动词。动作或状态，惯用延续性动词。I have sat hours in the classroom reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this winter.Have you ever considered moving to the south?I have locked the door.第5页现在进行时态：现在进行时态：1.表示此时此刻正在进行动作。表示此时此刻正在进行动作。Are the students dancing?Look,some swans are flying past!2.表示当前这段时间正在发生动作。表示当前这段时间正在发生动作。He is writing his new novel these days.Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing.第6页现在完成进行时态：现在完成进行时态：have/has been doing1.表示发生在过去，一直连续到现在表示发生在过去，一直连续到现在 动作，强调动作连续不停顿。动作，强调动作连续不停顿。Tom has been working hard since the new term began.Where have you been living these years?2.表示很快前刚结束动作。表示很快前刚结束动作。Sorry,Im late.How long have you been waiting here?第7页补充说明：以下动词没有进行时态：补充说明：以下动词没有进行时态：1.表示状态动词：表示状态动词：seem,look(看起看起 来来),appear,have(有有)，belong to，own,hold(容纳容纳)This book belongs to me.He appears very angry.2.表示知道、信念、了解、知识、推测、表示知道、信念、了解、知识、推测、怀疑、希望等含义动词，如：怀疑、希望等含义动词，如：know,forget,remember,understand,see，think，believe,hope,doubt 等等I dont understand why he did it.I hope I can pass the exam.第8页普通过去时态：普通过去时态：1.表示过去某时间发生事、存在状态表示过去某时间发生事、存在状态 或过去重复发生动作。常与表示过去或过去重复发生动作。常与表示过去 时间状语连用，如：时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week,during the nightHe suddenly fell ill yesterday.He worked in a factory in.2.表示过去经常做动作表示过去经常做动作When I was in the countryside,I often had a long walk after supper.第9页过去完成时态：过去完成时态：I had studied in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.在时间含义上是在时间含义上是“过去过去过去过去”，所以句子，所以句子中普通都有一个一个明确状语或状与从句中普通都有一个一个明确状语或状与从句来表示过去时间。来表示过去时间。第10页几个常见时态区分：几个常见时态区分：普通现在时态和普通过去时态：普通现在时态和普通过去时态：1He keeps doing morning exercise to keep fit.He felt cold so he sat closer to the fire.2 普通过去时态和现在完成时态：普通过去时态和现在完成时态：He opened the door.He has opened the door.现在完成时态和过去完成时态：现在完成时态和过去完成时态：3He has lived here since he came here.He had lived here before he went abroad.第11页普通未来时普通未来时(will,shall)1.表示未来发生动作或存在状态，常表示未来发生动作或存在状态，常 与表示未来时间状语连用，如与表示未来时间状语连用，如 tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next SundayWe will have a dictation tomorrow.He will be back in a few days.2.表示一个倾向或一个固有特征或经常发表示一个倾向或一个固有特征或经常发 生动作。生动作。意为意为“惯于，总是惯于，总是”When it gets warmer,the snow will start to melt.第12页Will you/Shall we(I)do sth.请你请你/让我们做某事，好吗？让我们做某事，好吗？Will you please open the door?Shall we go now?第13页普通未来时其它形式：普通未来时其它形式：2.be to+动词原形动词原形:表示按计划将要发生表示按计划将要发生 事，或征求对方意见事，或征求对方意见We are to take the exam next week.Are we to go on with this work?1.be going to+动词原形：多用于口语动词原形：多用于口语 中，表示即将发生事或近期最近打算中，表示即将发生事或近期最近打算 进行事进行事Its going to snow.The children are going to have a party today.第14页3.现在进行时态：表示按计划即将发生动现在进行时态：表示按计划即将发生动 作，多于表示以东动词（作，多于表示以东动词（come,go,arrive,leave）连用）连用He is leaving for London tomorrow.Christmas is drawing near.第15页动词语态：动词语态：主动语态：主动语态：主语是动作执行者主语是动作执行者被动语态：被动语态：主语是动作承受者主语是动作承受者各种时态中被动语态结构：各种时态中被动语态结构：普通现在时态：普通现在时态：普通过去时态：普通过去时态：普通未来时态：普通未来时态：进行时态：进行时态：完成时态：完成时态：含有情态动词被动语态：含有情态动词被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词过去分词was/were+过去分词过去分词will/shall be+过去分词过去分词be being+过去分词过去分词have/has/had been+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词第16页We are told that there will be a meeting this afternoon.I was invited to concert.The matter will be looked into as soon as possible.The house is being repaired.The new bridge has been built.These books must be returned in three days.第17页以下情况下惯用被动语态：以下情况下惯用被动语态：不知道动作执行者：不知道动作执行者：Printing was introduced into Europe from China.没有必要指明动作执行者：没有必要指明动作执行者：I was not born in this city.要强调动作执行者时：要强调动作执行者时：The window was broken by the boy who lives next door.当动作执行者不是人时：当动作执行者不是人时：We were shocked by the news of his death.第18页使用被动语态时应注意重点：使用被动语态时应注意重点：1.只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态He was surprised by the news.He was come.2.除了含双宾语动词外，普通动词除了含双宾语动词外，普通动词 被动语态行时不带宾语。被动语态行时不带宾语。They will be given more time to finish the work.The novel was written by Dickens.第19页练练 习习第20页用所给动词正确形式填空：用所给动词正确形式填空：1.She _(leave)the office two hours ago.2.As son as she arrived home,the girl discovered that she _(take)her friends book by mistake.3.Who _(come)to school earliest in your class every morning?4.Great changes _ (take place)in this city since 1979.5.By the time he was twelve,Edison _(begin)to sell newspapers.lefthad takencomeshave taken placehad begun第21页6.He usually listens to the radio,but now he _(watch)TV.7.By the end of this century,we _ _(build)our country into a strong modern one.8.The man _(hope)to catch the last train,but he was too late.9.The boys _(play)basketball from 5:00 to 6:00 yesterday.10.-Have you seen that wonderful film?-No,I _(see)it next Monday.will seewere playinghad hopedhadbuiltis watching第22页11.As she _(read)the newspaper,Granny fell asleep.12.I dont think Jim saw me;he _ _(stare)into space then.13.Shirley _(write)a book about China last year,but I dont know whether she has finished it.14.Visitors _(ask)not to touch the things on the shelf.15.The problems _ (discuss)now.was readingwasstaringwas writingare askedare being discussed第23页2.完成以下句子：完成以下句子：1.By the end of last year,_ _ (她在这间小屋里住了)。2.We _ (在看电视)at eight yesterday evening.3.-How often did he go there?-He usually _ (一星期去那里两次).4.I _(弄丢了我钢笔),I have to use a pencil.she had beenliving in this house for 10 yearswere watching TVwent there twice a weekhave lost my pen第24页5.Mr.Smith _ (2：00就来了就来了)。6.Mr.Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化学一直教了五十年化学)ever since he graduated from university.7.Mr.Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化学一直教了五十年化学)until he retired.8.I _(更努力地学习更努力地学习)to catch up with my classmates.has been here since 2:00.has taught chemistryfor 50 yearshad taught chemistry for 50 yearswill study harder第25页