杭州电子科技大学外国语学院《801英汉互译》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2012年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2013年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2014年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2015年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2016年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2017年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2018年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解2012年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解一、英译汉（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）The idea“happiness”,to be sure,will not sit still for easy definition:the bestone can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in towardthe middle.To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do toset the materialistic extreme.To think of it as the idea one senses in,say,aholy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme.The holy mans idea ofhappiness is in needing nothing from outside himself.In wanting nothing,helacks nothing.He sits immobile,rapt in contemplation,free even of his ownbody.Or nearly free of it.If devout admirers bring him food he eats it;if not,he starves indifferently.Why be concerned?What is physical is an illusion tohim.Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantasticallydemanding discipline,the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.Is he a happy man?Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion.Butwho can take it from him?And who will dare say it is more illusory thanhappiness on the installment plan?But,perhaps because I am Western,I doubt such catatonic happiness,as Idoubt the dreams of the happiness-market.What is certain is that his way ofhappiness would be torture to almost any Western man.Yet these extremeswill still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find some sort ofbalance.Thoreaua creature of both Eastern and Western thoughthad hisown firm sense of that balance.His aim was to save on the low levels in orderto spend on the high.Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of theneighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels.The activediscipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in naturewould have been his idea of the high.What he saved from the low was timeand effort he could spend on the high.Thoreau certainly disapproved ofstarvation,but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort aswould keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it.There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties.Short of the impossible,as Yeats put it,the satisfactionswe get from a lifetime depend on how high we choose our difficulties.RobertFrost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of“Thepleasure of taking pains.”The mortal flaw in the advertised version ofhappiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.【参考译文】诚然，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其物质上的极限。将其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之物。无欲则无求。他静坐不动，陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。如果有虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听；如果没有，他便淡然地饿着。有什么好牵挂的呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。冥想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心的一种极乐。他幸福吗？或许他的幸福只是另一种虚幻。但谁又能将幸福从他身边夺走呢？又有谁敢说这种幸福比分期付款计划中得到的幸福更缥缈呢？然而，或许因为我是西方人，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次上付出。殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是问题的精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。二、汉译英（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）哲学在今天是最感危机的学科。以往认为最适合哲学的领域，如今已为对人类存在各方面经验做出成功解释的科学所占领。在一个信息技术取得支配地位的世界上，哲学似乎已败下阵来。它至少不能把智慧切成一个个可以测量的小块提供给人们。20世纪有无数哲学家讥讽自己从事的学科，说什么哲学活动在经历了300年之后，至今还在希望哲学能把我们引向真理，那不过是遥遥无期的幻象而已。然而，哲学仍然比以往任何进修都受人喜爱。这或许是因为近20年来哲学一直从科学和其他学科中寻求庇护，而今已经从这种专业束缚中解脱出来的缘故吧。如今，哲学的范围早已不像以前那样无所不包。人们日益认识到哲学和宗教及社会遗产的深层联系。人类经验的种种因素很少能够脱逃哲学家批判的眼光。从柏拉图到马克思以及更近，我们珍视的大多数信念和希望，都在受到质疑和挑战。这样做的前提是：人之所以为人，就在于人类的哲学思考能力，舍此则无以区别人和其他动物。【参考译文】Philosophy is the discipline facing the graved crisis today.Fields,which usedto be considered most suitable for philosophy,have already been taken overby science that has succeeded in explaining human experience in variousareas.Philosophy seems to have been defeated in a world dominated byinformation technology.At least,it is unable to cut wisdom into measurablesmall pieces and then offer them to the people.In the 20th century numerousphilosophers satirized the discipline they were engaged in,saying that it wasonly a distant illusion that philosophical activities,after 3000 years since itfirst started,could ever lead us to the truth.However philosophy is still likedmore by people than ever before maybe because that philosophy has thrownoff the professional shackles of constantly seeking protection from scienceand other disciplines for nearly 20 years.Nowadays,philosophy is not as inclusive as before.People are growing moreand more aware of the deep relation between philosophy and religion and thatbetween philosophy and social heritages.Few of the various factors of humanexperience can ever escape from the critical eyes of philosophers.FromPlatonism to Marxism to even more recent philosophers,most of ourcherished beliefs and hopes are being questioned and challenged.Theprerequisite of so doing is that it is the ability of philosophical thinking that isparticular to human being that makes us human,and besides that abilitynothing can distinguish men from other animals.2013年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解一、英译汉（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces,and each of us mustchoose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations.There isenough good and bad in everyones lifeample sorrow and happiness,sufficient joy and painto find a rational basis for either optimism orpessimism.We can choose to laugh or cry,bless or curse.Its our decision:From which perspective do we want to view life?Will we look up in hope ordown in despair?I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over thenegative.I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.Sure,I know thatsorrow exists,but I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.An optimistic attitude is not a luxury;its a necessity.The way you look atlife will determine how you feel,how you perform,and how well you getalong with other people.Conversely,negative thoughts,attitudes,andexpectations feed on themselves;they become a self-fulfilling prophecy.Pessimism creates a dismal place where no one wants to live.The only thing more powerful than negativism is a positive affirmation,aword of optimism and hope.One of the things I am most thankful for is thefact that I have grown up in a nation with a grand tradition of optimism.When a whole culture adopts an upward look,incredible things can beaccomplished.When the world is seen as a hopeful,positive place,people areempowered to attempt and to achieve.Optimism doesnt need to be naive.You can be an optimist and still recognize that problems exist and that someof them are not dealt with easily.But what a difference optimism makes inthe attitude of the problem solver!For example,through the years Ive heardsome people say that“instead of spending$455 million to put a man on themoon,why not spend that money here on earth on the poverty problem?”“But when you ask them exactly how they would spend that money to solvethe poverty problem,most of them dont have an answer.“Give me asolution,”I tell them,“and Ill raise you the money.”Think in positive termsabout how to address the issue rather than criticizing money spent on anotherprogram,such as Americas space program,which resulted in many positivediscoveries that have benefited mankind.Optimism diverts our attentionaway from negativism and channels it into positive,constructive thinking.When you are an optimist,youre more concerned with problem-solving thanwith useless carping about issues.In fact,without optimism,issues as big andongoing as poverty have no hope of solution.It takes a dreamersomeonewith hopelessly optimistic ideas,great persistence,and unlimited confidenceto tackle a problem that big.Its your choice.【参考译文】乐观和悲观都是强大的力量，我们每个人都必须在这两者之间做出选择，从而给我们对未来的展望和预期染上或明或暗的色彩。每个人的生命中都有足够多的幸与不幸数不清的哀伤和喜悦，欢欣与痛苦给我们乐观或悲观的理由。我们可以选择哭或是笑，祝福或是诅咒。我们可以选择用什么样的眼光去看待生活是昂首去寻找希望抑或垂头在绝望中逡巡。我会把注意力集中在生活中光明的一面，忽略那些阴暗的角落。天性和个人选择是我成了一个乐观主义者。当然，我知道生命中总有伤痛，但是我发现生命中的美好远远比丑恶为多。乐观的态度不是一种奢侈品；它是我们生活的必需。你看待生活的方式将决定你的感受、你的表现，以及你与他人相处得怎样。反过来，悲观的想法、态度和预期也会自成因果：它们是能自我实现的预言。悲观会制造出无人愿望的黑暗处所。唯一比否定态度更有力量的是一个积极的肯定，一句充满乐观与希望的话语。最让我心存感激的事情之一就是我生长在一个有着光荣的乐观主义传统的国度。当一种文化从整体上采取了一种积极向上的态度，不可思议的事情也能变成现实。当人们把世界看作一个光明与希望之地，它们将被赋予努力进取和成就功业的力量。乐观不意味着幼稚。在保持乐观的同时，你仍然能意识到问题的存在，意识到有些问题非常棘手。乐观带来的改变在于面对问题的态度。比方说，这些年我总是听到有人抱怨用于太空计划的钱是白白浪费了。他们说：“与其花四亿五千五百万美元把人送上月球，为什么不把这些钱用来解决地球上的贫穷问题呢？”但当你追问他们打算如何用这些钱来消除贫困时，他们又无言以对。我对他们说：“告诉我你们的方案，我会为你们筹到钱。”我们应该以积极的方式思考如何解决问题而不是去指责在别的项目上花钱。实际上，美国的太空计划带来了许多有价值的发现，使整个人类从中受益。乐观精神使我们从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。乐观主义者更关心如何解决问题，而不是毫无意义地怨天尤人。说真的，如果没有乐观精神，像贫穷这样沉重且持续存在的问题是无法解决的。解决这样的问题需要一个梦想家一个拥有执着坚定的乐观、矢志不移的坚韧和无限信心的人。何去何从，由你决定。二、汉译英（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）中国诗歌历史悠久，唐朝是中国诗歌的黄金时期。从诗的数量、种类、意象的优美和主题的广泛等方面，唐诗超越了以前各个时期的诗歌。唐朝所编印的全唐诗收集了2200个诗人所做的将近五万首诗，这意味着在300年间，唐朝诗人所写的诗比过去2000年中所有诗人写的诗都多。这是有其原因的。隋朝统治者实行科举制度，并通过科举制从学者中选择朝廷官员，唐朝延续了这种考试制度。因此，许多人，尤其是地主子弟，努力学习，为的是应付这种要求作诗的考试。除此以外，从一定程度上来说，人民思想比较自由，学者们研究讨论儒、道哲学和佛教。国家的统一使得学者们可以游历南北，增长阅历，扩大视野。外国艺术，尤其是西亚和中亚艺术引入中原，丰富了汉族人民的文化生活。最后，由于从西周到南北朝时期中国诗歌不断发展，内容与形式不断丰富。这一悠久的历史也为唐诗的兴盛提供了条件。唐诗确实是丰富无比的宝库。无论从哪个方面讲，都是中国诗歌发展的巅峰。中国人民为拥有这一无法比拟的遗产而无比自豪。【参考译文】Chinese poetry boasts a long history.As in the golden age of Chinese poetry,Tang poetry surpasses the previous poetry in terms of quantity,variety,beauty of images and wide range of themes.The Complete Tang Poemscompiled by the Tang Dynasty collected nearly 50,000 poems from 2200poets,which means that in the past 300 years,the poems that poets in TangDynasty wrote are more than the sum of poems in the past 2000 years.There are reasons.The governors of the Sui Dynasty carried out the imperialexamination system and selected officials from scholars of the imperialexamination system.Then the Tang Dynasty kept utilizing this method.Therefore,many people,especially the landlords children,studied hard inorder to cope with the examination of poetry.In addition,to a certain extent,peoples mind was relatively free.Scholars discussed books of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.The unification of the country enabled scholars totravel north and south,which fulfills their experience and broadens theirhorizons.Foreign art,especially in West and Central Asia,was introducedinto the mainland of China,enriching the cultural life of the Han people.Finally,the content and form of Chinese poetry were constantly enriched dueto its continuous development from the Western Zhou Dynasty to theSouthern and Northern Dynasties.This long history is also served asconditions for the prosperity of Tang poetry.Tang poetry is indeed an affluent treasure house.In any way,it is the peak ofChinese poetry.Chinese people are proud of this incomparable heritage.2014年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解（试题共二大题，共2页，总分150分）一、第一题：英译汉（本题共75分）Anyone with a passion for hanging labels on people or things should havelittle difficulty in recognizing that all apt tag for our time is the UnkemptGeneration.I am not referring solely to college kids.The sloppiness virus hasspread to all sectors of society People go to all sorts of trouble and expense tolook uncombed,unshaved,unpressed.The symbol of the times is blue jeansnot just blue jeans in good conditionbut jeans that are flayed,torn,discolored.They dont get that way naturally.No one wants blue jeans that are crisply clean or spanking new.Manufacturers recognize a big market when they see it And they competewith one another to offer jeans that are made to look as though theyre justbeen discarded by clumsy house painters after ten years of wear The morefaded and seemingly ancient the garment,the higher the cost.Disheveled isin fashion;neatness is obsolete.Nothing is wrong with comfortable clothing.Its just that current usage ismore reflective of a slavish conformity than a desire for ease.No generationhas strained harder than ours to affect a casual,relaxed,cool look;none hassucceeded more spectacularly in looking as though it had been stamped outby cookie cutters.The attempt to avoid any appearance of being wellgroomed or even neat has a quality of desperation about it and suggests acalculated and phony deprivation.We shun conventionality,but we put on auniform to do it.An appearance of alienation is the triumphant goal,to bepursued in oversize sweaters and muddy sneakers.Slovenly speech comes off the same spool.Vocabulary,like blue jeans,isbeing drained of color and distinction.A complete sentence in everydayspeech is as rare as a mans tie in the swank Polo Lounge of the Beverly HillsHotel.People communicate in chopped-up phrases,relying on grunts andchants of“you know”or“I mean”to cover up a damnable incoherenceNeatness should be no less important in language than it is in dress.But spewand sprawl are taking over.The English language is one of the greatestsources of wealth in the world.In the midst of accessible riches,we arelinguistic paupers.Violence in language has become almost as casual as the possession ofhandguns.The curious notion has taken hold that emphasis in communicationis impossible without the incessant use of four-letter words.Somescreenwriters openly admit that they are careful not to turn in scripts that aredevoid of foul language lest the classification office impose the curse of a(general)rating.Motion-picture exhibitors have a strong preference for theR(Restricted)rating,probably on the theory of forbidden fruit.Hence writersand producers have every incentive to employ tasteless language and goryscenes.(473 words)【参考译文】任何一个喜欢给别人或事物贴标签的人应该不难发现我们这个时代合适的标签是“邋遢的一代”。我说这话不仅仅是针对大学生。邋遢这种病毒已经蔓延到社会各个部分。人们刻意呈现一幅蓬头散发、边幅不修、衣着不整的形象。如今时代潮流的象征是穿蓝色牛仔裤不是完好的牛仔裤，而是打磨过的，撕裂开的，和褪色了的牛仔裤。正常穿着磨损很难达到上述效果。没有人喜欢穿干净崭新的牛仔裤。生产商意识到这将是个潜力巨大的市场，于是展开了激烈地竞争，生产出的牛仔裤好像是笨拙的油漆工人穿了十年之后扔掉的一样。衣服看上去越褪色越旧，成本越高。时下流行的是衣冠不整，服饰整洁已不合时宜。求舒适原本并无过错。问题是目前人们的着装习惯与其说是为了寻求舒适，倒不如说盲目追求单调一致。没有哪一代人像我们这一代这样努力装出一付随便、轻松、酷的样子，没有哪一代人如此出奇成功地塑造出看出犹如饼干模子压出来一样的形象。这种避免服饰考究、衣着整洁形象的努力真是煞费苦心，显出故意装出的虚假穷酸相。我们避免落入俗套，但是我们却穿上制服来实现该目标。树立标新立异的形象是最终目标，为了成功塑造这种形象，各个都穿上了超大号的毛衣和沾满泥巴的运动鞋。言语杂乱如出一辙。词汇就像蓝色牛仔裤正失去色彩和特性。日常生活中很难听到一句完整的句子，就好像贝弗利山庄酒店的豪华水球休闲厅里很难见到打领带的绅士。人们在交流的时候，说的话老是支离破碎，全靠“你知道吧”“我是说”等口头禅来掩盖该死的语无伦次。其实语言利落和穿衣整洁一样重要。但现在肆意辱骂和衣着懒散之风却尘嚣日上。英语是世界最大的语言财富之一。富饶的语言资源触手可及，我们却宁愿成为语言的乞丐。语言粗野几乎就像拥有枪支一样随便。这种古怪的观念已经根深蒂固，以至于有些人在言谈中必需借助连篇脏话才能表达自己的想法。很多电影剧本作家都坦白说他们会尽量避免递交上的剧本中没有一些污言秽语，以防电影分级办公室把该剧本定为G级电影片。（这对电影来说无疑是施加了紧箍咒）电影院老板非常偏爱R级电影，很可能是根据禁果理论。因此剧本作家和制片人总是不遗余力地在影片中加入低俗的对白和血腥的镜头。二、第二题：汉译英（本题共75分）吴先生具备一位教师应具备的一切条件，只是不善于启发学生。他像钟表一样守时，像奴隶船上的一名划船工那样辛苦地备课。讲课时，凡引用书中原文，别人也许会照本宣科念给学生听，他却不管篇幅多长，都要全部背下来。阐述任何问题，他都是“第一，第二”条理清晰，活像一位教官在练兵，有点干巴，但绝不会空泛。他不是那种口若悬河讲得天花乱坠，细想却让人不知所云的教师。他讲的东西全都是有内容的，可能观点不全正确，但至少不会放空炮。他从不拐弯抹角地提出任何观点，总是十分明确有力地表达出来。换句话说，他从不怕对任何意见表示自己的态度。对于一些历史史实，尤其是百科全书和各种参考书中可以找到的史实，吴先生是无懈可击的。你只能和他公正地争论有关鉴赏或阐释的问题。也正是在这方面，吴先生暴露了他的弱点。但是这一弱点，并不是由于说理不清或立意不诚，这个弱点是人文主义者所具有的观点中固有的，而且是作为白碧德（Babbit;Babbitian）人文主义者所固有的。遗憾的是吴先生使自己被白碧德人文主义吸引住了，使得他的所有观点无不染上白碧德人文主义的色彩。伦理和艺术可悲地纠缠在一起，你常常搞不清他是在阐释文学问题呢，还是在宣讲道德问题。（489字）【参考译文】Mr.Wu