英语简单句五种基本句型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

高中英语语法复习专题英语句子概论第1页1.句子成份句子成份主语主语:谓语谓语:宾语宾语:宾语补足语宾语补足语:表语表语:表示句子说是什么人或什么事表示句子说是什么人或什么事,由名，代，数，由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当由动词或动词词组充当,位于主语后。位于主语后。表示动作行为对象表示动作行为对象,通常位于及物动词和介词通常位于及物动词和介词后面。后面。补补充宾语成份充宾语成份,通常位于宾语后通常位于宾语后。由形由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。容词，名词，介词短语等充当。说明主语性质或特征说明主语性质或特征,位于系动词之后。位于系动词之后。以上成份称为以上成份称为基本句子成份基本句子成份。完整句子普通最少。完整句子普通最少包含包含2-4个基本成份个基本成份。第2页定语：定语：修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成份表示：定语可由以下等成份表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.（形容词）（形容词）（分词）（分词）（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（从句）（从句）第3页状语状语：修饰：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语。说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语。通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当状语种类以下：状语种类以下：状语种类以下：状语种类以下：How about meeting again How about meeting again at sixat six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofbecause ofthe rainthe rain.I shall go there I shall go there if it doesnt rainif it doesnt rain.Mr Smith lives Mr Smith lives on the third flooron the third floor.（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）第4页She put the eggs into the basket She put the eggs into the basket with great carewith great care.She came in She came in with a dictionary in her handwith a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the othersIn order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,I must work harder.He was so tired He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatelythat he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard She works very hard though she is oldthough she is old.I am taller I am taller than he isthan he is.方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语目状语结果状语结果状语让步状语让步状语比较状语比较状语第5页同位语同位语:对其前面名词代词做深入解释对其前面名词代词做深入解释.That is Mr.Chen,our English teacher.插入语插入语:对一句话作一些附加解释对一句话作一些附加解释.To be honest,I dont quite agree with you.定语，状语，同位语及插入语能够称为定语，状语，同位语及插入语能够称为从属句子成份从属句子成份。第6页2.句子分类句子分类分分类类说说明明例句例句简简单单句句由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语组成句子。即一套主谓关系。1.Tom and I found her there.2.We all breathe,eat and work.并并列列句句由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起而构成句子。1.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.2.Work hard or you will fall behind.复复合合句句由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句组成句子1.I believe you are right.2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.第7页1）她喜欢集邮）她喜欢集邮.2）食物很精美）食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口.3）我们抵达电影院时候）我们抵达电影院时候,电影已经开演了电影已经开演了.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good,but he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema.翻译以下句子：翻译以下句子：第8页 判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room.4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句简单句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句 简单句简单句 第9页5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important.9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句 简单句简单句 第10页3.简单句基本句型简单句基本句型英语五种基本句型列式以下：英语五种基本句型列式以下：基本句型一基本句型一:+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二基本句型二:+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三基本句型三:+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四基本句型四:+O1+2（主谓间宾（主谓间宾直宾）直宾）基本句型五基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)第11页基本句型基本句型 一一 +（主谓）（主谓）1.Time 2.The sun 3.The man4.Everybodyflies.rises.cooked.laughed此句型中动词是不及物动词此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表示完整意思。能表示完整意思。主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语，状语，如，如，The red sun rises in the east.第12页基本句型 二 +（主系表）（主系表）1.He 2.The dinner3.The weather is smellsbecame tall and strong.good.warmer.此句型中谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主此句型中谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。系系动词有三类：动词有三类：1.表示特征和存在状态：表示特征和存在状态：be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste2.表状态延续：表状态延续：remain,stay,keep,continue,stand3.表状态改变表状态改变：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow第13页 基本句型基本句型 三三+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（及物（及物动词动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.I 4.I5.Iknows laugh at want dont knowenjoythe answer?her.to have a cup of tea.what to do.living here.此句型中谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才此句型中谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成份多样化使这一结构异常复能使意思完整，而宾语成份多样化使这一结构异常复杂。杂。第14页 基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.I 2.Heshowedboughthimme my pictures.a beautiful skirt.此句型中谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表示完整意此句型中谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者（多指物），思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作间接宾语（多指人）。另一个是动作间接宾语（多指人）。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词介词to 或或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.第15页用用to侧重指动作方向，表示侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作受益者，表示侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语动词有：常跟双宾语动词有：（需借助（需借助 to）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等等（需借助（需借助for）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。等。第16页 基本句型基本句型 五五+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They 3.We 4.I keep call asked saw the table supper him them clean.dinner.to come back soon.getting on the bus.此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成份来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。个补充成份来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。第17页注意：用注意：用 it it 做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后面，是英语惯用句型。宾语补足语后面，是英语惯用句型。即即 主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如，。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.惯用于此句型动词有惯用于此句型动词有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make第18页使用使用it当形式宾语翻译下面句子当形式宾语翻译下面句子1.他感到极难跟你交谈。他感到极难跟你交谈。2.我认为有可能用另一个方法解题。我认为有可能用另一个方法解题。3.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。4.我认为与那个人谈话是无益。我认为与那个人谈话是无益。1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.4.I thought it no use talking with that man第19页1.You are sitting on the train home.2.There comes the bus!3.The egos potential for expansion is limitless.4.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.5.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.6.We think it our duty to study well.主主主主+谓（谓（谓（谓（S+VS+VS+VS+V）主主主主+谓（谓（谓（谓（S+VS+VS+VS+V）主主主主+系系系系+表（表（表（表（S+V+PS+V+PS+V+PS+V+P）主主+谓谓+宾（宾（SVO）主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）判断以下句子属于何种句式判断以下句子属于何种句式Exercises:Exercises:第20页更正以下句子错误更正以下句子错误Exercises:Exercises:1.He came the room.2.The music sounds.3.I have seen.4.He gave a pen me.5.The boss made the boy to work hard.6.My father bought a book to me.1.He came into the room.2.The music sounds wonderful.3.I have seen the film.4.He gave a pen to me.5.The boss made the boy work hard.6.My father bought a book for me.第21页Exercises:Exercises:翻译以下句子并分析句子结构：翻译以下句子并分析句子结构：1.1.我经常在早晨读英语。我经常在早晨读英语。2.2.玛丽是个聪明学生。玛丽是个聪明学生。3.3.我老师交给我一封信。我老师交给我一封信。4.4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.5.我们叫我们老师王先生我们叫我们老师王先生 6.6.他正在房里做家庭作业。他正在房里做家庭作业。1.I often read English in the morning.2.Mary is a clever student.3.My teacher gave me a letter.4.My mother often asks me to study hard.5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.6.He is doing his homework in the room.主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+系系+表表 主主+谓谓+双宾双宾 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+宾宾第22页英语句子基本结构能够归纳成英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。子结构基础。第23页Homework:第24页