河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语历年考研真题及详解(1).pdf

目录2009年河南师范大学外国语学院821基础英语考研真题及详解2010年河南师范大学外国语学院621基础英语考研真题及详解2011年河南师范大学外国语学院621基础英语考研真题及详解2012年河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语考研真题及详解2014年河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语考研真题及详解2015年河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语考研真题及详解2017年河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语考研真题及详解2018年河南师范大学外国语学院631基础英语考研真题及详解2009年河南师范大学外国语学院821基础英语考研真题及详解.Multiple Choice(30 scores)Directions:There are 30 items in this section.Choose from the four optionsA,B,C,and D under each item stem the most appropriate answer and write iton the ANSWER SHEET.1.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers checks,which provide asecure _ to carrying your money in cash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternativeD【答案】句意：旅行时，建议你带上旅行支票，这是一种安全的旅行方式，可以代替携带现金。alternative二中择一；供替代的选择。substitute替代品，常跟介词for搭配。selection挑选；选择。preference偏爱；优先考虑。【解析】2.As a defense against air-pollution damage,many plants and animals _a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.A.relieveB.releaseC.dismissD.discardB【答案】句意：作为对空气污染损害的防御，许多动植物释放一种物质来吸收有害化学物质。release释放；发行。relieve使缓解；解围。dismiss解雇。discard抛弃；放弃。【解析】3.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything_ going on in the world.A.it isB.what isC.there isD.as isC【答案】句意：没有人会有时间去阅读或聆听世界上正在发生的一切。【解析】there is结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。4.I cannot advise you what to do.You must use your own _.A.opinionB.justiceC.guessworkD.judgmentD【答案】句意：我无法建议你该怎么做。你需要自己判断。judgment判断力；辨别力。opinion意见；建议。justice公正；正义。guesswork猜测；臆测。【解析】5.If any man here does not agree with me,he should _ his own plan forimproving the living conditions of these people.A.put onB.put outC.put inD.put forwardD【答案】句意：如果在座的任何人不同意我的看法，他就应该提出自己改善这些人生活条件的计划。put forward提出。put on穿上；戴上。putout扑灭。put in投入（时间、精力）；插嘴。【解析】6.The news item about the fire is followed a detailed report made _.A.on the spotB.on the siteC.on the locationD.on the groundA【答案】句意：在有关火灾的新闻报道之后，现场又做了详细的报道。on the spot在（案件；新闻）现场。on the site在工地（现场）。on thelocation在位置上。on the ground在地面上。【解析】7.The pollution question,as well as several other issues,is going to bediscussed when the congress is in _ again next springA.assemblyB.sessionC.conferenceD.conventionB【答案】句意：污染问题以及其他几个问题将在明年春天国会再次开会时讨论。in session会期；开庭期。assembly集合；集会。conference会议；谈判。convention指政治上的会议。【解析】8.Language,culture,and personality may be considered _ of each otherin thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.independentlyD.irrelevantlyC【答案】句意：语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的，但实际上是密切相关的。independently of独立于之外；与无关。irrelevantly不相干地；不切题的。indistinctly朦胧地；不明了的。separately单独地；个别地。【解析】9.Your advice would be _ valuable to him,who is at present at his witsend.A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusivelyA【答案】句意：你的建议对他而言格外珍贵，目前他已经黔驴技穷了。exceedingly格外地；非常地（程度）。excessively过量地（数量）。extensively广泛地（范围）。exclusively专有地；排他的。【解析】10.The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a fewpages but with all the details.A.preciseB.clearC.conciseD.elaborateC【答案】句意：新任秘书只在几页内写了一篇非常简洁的报告，但附有所有细节。concise简明扼要的。precise准确的。clear清晰的；清楚的。【解析】elaborate缜密的；复杂的。根据句意可判断具体选词。11.Whenever anything _ happens,a crowd of people is certain togather.A.notedB.well-knownC.sensationalD.emotionalC【答案】句意：无论发生什么耸人听闻的事情，一定会有一群人聚集在一起。sensational耸人听闻的。noted和well-known均是著名的意思。emotional情感上的；令人情绪激动的。【解析】12.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancerthan _ in the public mind today.A.existsB.existC.existingD.existedA【答案】句意：对于患癌症的感知风险应该比现在的公众头脑中存在的焦虑要少。than是连词，引导比较状语从句。省略的主语是anxiety，因此其后接动词的单数形式。【解析】13.The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a_ attitude.A.changeableB.alternateC.movableD.flexibleD【答案】句意：他可以很快地适应环境，是因为他态度灵活。flexible灵活的；可变通的。changeable无常的；易变的。alternate交替的；轮流的。movable动产的；可移动的。【解析】14.We all knew from the very _ that the plan would fail.A.outcomeB.outsetC.outletD.outputB【答案】句意：我们从一开始就知道计划会失败的。outset开始；开端。outcome结局。outlet出口；排放口。output产量；输出。【解析】15.No hazard,peril or hardship would _ the mountaineer from hisintention of reaching the summit.A.deflateB.defectC.deterD.dilateC【答案】句意：任何危险、危险或困难都不能阻止登山运动员达到顶峰。deter阻止。deflate缩小；放气。defect变节；叛变。dilate扩大；膨胀。【解析】16.More international trends for business and pleasure bring greater _ toother societies.A.exchangeB.exposureC.expansionD.contributionD【答案】句意：更多的国际商业和娱乐趋势为其他社会带来更大的贡献。contribution贡献。exchange交换；交易。exposure暴露；显露。expansion扩大。【解析】17.Not all persons arrested and _ with a crime are guilty,and the mainfunction of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.chargedD【答案】句意：并不是所有被逮捕和指控的人都有罪，刑事法庭的主要作用是根据法律判定谁有罪。chargewith指控。sentence宣判；判决。accuseof控告；谴责。persecute迫害。【解析】18.The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen _ into humannature.A.intellectB.perceptionC.insightD.understandingC【答案】句意：这本书的作者展示了他对人性的敏锐洞察力。insight into对的洞察力。intellect智力；理解力；智力高的。perception与of搭配，意为“理解；看法”。understanding与of搭配，意为“理解”。【解析】19.Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages_ television,radio,and electronic mail.A.viaB.amidC.pastD.acrossA【答案】句意：电信的发展使人们能够通过电视、广播和电子邮件发送信息。via经由；经过（方式）。amid在其中；在其间。past经过（位置）。across表面穿过。【解析】20.Even at discounted prices,these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond_ for most of the worlds 40 million HIV-infected people.A.reachB.controlC.comprehensionD.imaginationD【答案】句意：即使以折扣价，这些强大的艾滋病药物对世界上4000万艾滋病毒感染者来说也远远超出想象。beyond imagination超乎想象。beyond reach够不着。beyond control无法控制；超出控制。beyondcomprehension无法理解；不可思议。【解析】21.Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate,but,of course,it is not easy tomake the _ from one culture to another.A.transactionB.transportationC.transmissionD.transitionD【答案】句意：任何一个能够出国留学的人都是幸运的，但是，当然，要从一种文化过渡到另一种文化并不容易。transition转变；过渡。transaction交易；事物。transportation运输；运输系统。transmission播送；传送。【解析】22.Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave _.A.at the spotB.for the spotC.on the spotD.in the spotC【答案】句意：任何人只要违反规定，当场就得离开。on the spot立刻；当场。其余搭配有误。【解析】23.Those who _ womens liberation movement continue to hope,andwork,for a change.A.consist inB.indulge inC.believe inD.result inC【答案】句意：那些为妇女解放运动作出贡献的人继续希望并努力进行变革。believe in信仰；相信。consist in在于；存在于。indulge in沉迷于；沉溺于。result in导致。【解析】24.Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57.8 per cent and46.8 per cent,_,over May 2008.A.individuallyB.accordinglyC.correspondinglyD.respectivelyD【答案】句意：地方城乡零售额比2008年5月分别增长57.8%和46.8%。respectively分别；各自。individually个别；单独。accordingly因此；相应地。correspondingly相应地；相对地。【解析】25.You may never experience an earthquake or a volcanic eruption in yourlife,but you will _ changes in the land.A.adaptB.adoptC.witnessD.defineC【答案】句意：在你的生活中，你可能从未经历过地震或火山爆发，但你会看到土地的变化。witness目击。adapt适应于。adopt采取；收养。define解释；规定。【解析】26.The _ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavysmokers,especially chain smokers.A.incidentB.accidentC.incidenceD.evidenceC【答案】句意：肺癌的发病率在长期大量吸烟的人群中特别高，尤其是连续吸烟的人群。incidence发病率。incident事件。accident事故。evidence证据。【解析】27.The four disrespectful sons began to feel worried about the ultimate_ of the familys property.A.proposalB.disposalC.removalD.salvationB【答案】句意：四个无礼的儿子开始担心家庭财产的最终处置。disposal处理；处置。proposal提议；建议。removal移走；挪开。salvation拯救；救助。【解析】28.This great project at the Three Gorges of Yangtze is expected to _twenty years to complete.A.takeB.spendC.consumeD.needA【答案】句意：这个在长江三峡的伟大工程预计需要20年的时间才能完成。take需要时间；费时。spend花费。介词用indoing或on sth。consume消费；消耗；大吃大喝。need需要。【解析】29.Finding out about these companies has become easy for any one withinternet _.A.entranceB.admissionC.accessD.entryC【答案】句意：对于任何一个上网的人来说，了解这些公司都变得很容易。internet access互联网接入。entrance入口。admission承认；加入许可。entry加入；准入。【解析】30.The following account by the author _ the difference betweenEuropean and American reactions.A.illustratesB.acquiresC.demandsD.deletesA【答案】句意：下面作者的叙述说明了欧美反应的不同。illustrate解释；阐明。acquire取得。demand要求；需求。delete删除。【解析】.Error Correction(20 scores)Directions:In each of the following sentences there is an error in it.Find outthe error and write the correct answer to each of them on the ANSWERSHEET.1.Thirteen hundred medical professionals,all of which have been trained totreat drug dependency,attended the annual convention sponsored by asociety.A.Thirteen hundredB.all of whichC.attendedD.sponsoredB【答案】all of whom。非限制性定语从句修饰“医学专家”，先行词是人，用all of whom。【解析】2.Perhaps surprisingly the main obstacles to realizing this dream is neithertechnical nor commercial.A.surprisinglyB.mainC.realizingD.neitherC【答案】realize。不定式符号to后跟动词原形。【解析】3.When he speaks at banquets,he makes a point of going into the kitchenand to shake hands with every waiter and waitress.A.atB.makesC.to shakeD.everyC【答案】shaking。and连接句法结构相似的短语或句子，前面是going，后面要用shaking，同作of的宾语。【解析】4.Other guests at yesterdays opening,which was broadcast alive by theradio station,included the princess and her husband.A.atB.broadcastC.aliveD.includedC【答案】live。直播用的是live。alive意为“活着的；有生机的”。【解析】5.The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoseswithout seeing the patient in person.A.made possibleB.makeC.without seeingD.in personA【答案】made it possible。make it possible(for sb)to do意为“使成为可能”。【解析】6.The reason why I love watching Jack surf is because he is so graceful andbeautiful when he surfs.A.whyB.watchingC.becauseD.gracefulC【答案】that。The reason whyis that是固定搭配。做某事的原因是。【解析】7.I often wonder what my life would be like if I didnt go to the beach thatday when I was 15.A.wonderB.whatC.didnt goD.wasC【答案】hadnt gone。表示对过去发生事情的虚拟，从句助动词用hadnt。【解析】8.His recommendation that Air Force investigates the UFO sighting wasapproved by the commission and referred to the appropriate.A.investigatesB.wasC.byD.appropriateA【答案】should investigate。此名词性从句解释recommendation（提议），因此从句用虚拟语气。【解析】9.This research program is financed by two funds,the largest of which couldlast for two years.A.ThisB.financedC.the largestD.forC【答案】the larger。两个基金的对比，故用比较级。【解析】10.Many young consumers do not have steady incomes,so they might havedifficulty to borrow money from an agency in business to make loans.A.do not haveB.soC.to borrowD.make loansC【答案】borrowing。have difficulty(in)doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。【解析】.Cloze Test(20 scores)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.Choose from thefour options A,B,C,and D the most appropriate answer to each blank andwrite it on the ANSWER SHEET.For many people today,reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up theirwork they must read letters,reports,trade publications,interofficecommunications,not to mention newspapers and magazines;a never-endingflood of words.In(1)_ a job or advancing in one,the ability to readand comprehend(2)_ can mean the difference between success andfailure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are(3)_ readers.Most of us develop poor reading(4)_ at an early age,and never getover them.The main deficiency(5)_ in the actual stuff of languageitselfwords.Taken individually,words have(6)_ meaning until theyare strung together into phrases,sentences and paragraphs.(7)_,however,the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriouslyreads one word at a time,often regressing to(8)_ words or passages.Regression,the tendency to look back over(9)_ you have just read,is acommon bad habit in reading.Another habit which(10)_ down thespeed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word either orally ormentally as(11)_ reads.To overcome these bad habits,some readingclinics use a device called an(12)_,which moves a bar(or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed.The bar is set at a slightly faster rate(13)_ the reader finds comfortable,in order to“stretch”him.Theaccelerator forces the reader to read fast,(14)_ word-by-word reading,regression and subvocalization,practically impossible.At first,(15)_ issacrificed for speed.But when you learn to read ideas and concepts,you willnot only read faster,(16)_ your comprehension will improve.Manypeople have found(17)_ reading skill dramatically improved aftersome training.(18)_ Charles Au,a business manager,for instance,hisreading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute(19)_ thetraining,now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute.He is delighted thathow he can(20)_ a lot more reading materials in a short period of time.1.A.applyingB.doingC.offeringD.getting2.A.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedly3.A.goodB.curiousC.poorD.urgent4.A.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.custom5.A.liesB.combinesC.touchesD.involves6.A.someB.a lotC.littleD.dull7.A.FortunatelyB.In factC.LogicallyD.Unfortunately8.A.reuseB.rereadC.rewriteD.recite9.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if10.A.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measures11.A.some oneB.oneC.heD.reader12.A.acceleratorB.actorC.amplifierD.observer13.A.thenB.asC.beyondD.than14.A.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicating15.A.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regression16.A.butB.norC.orD.for17.A.ourB.yourC.theirD.such18.A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider19.A.forB.inC.afterD.before20.A.masterB.go overC.presentD.get through【答案与解析】1.D 根据句意分析可知，是得到一份工作。apply和for连用意为“申请”，才能和工作搭配。2.A 根据句意分析可知，快速阅读和理解的能力对成功还是失败有影响。3.C yet是转折连词，说明前后情况不同，所以是我们大多是阅读能力差的阅读者。4.B 根据后文提示them，可知此处是可数名词的复数；根据句意分析，无法克服的是我们的习惯。5.A 固定搭配，lie in在于。involve in参与；涉及。6.C little是否定词，意为“几乎没有”。合乎逻辑。7.D 此句意为“然而不幸的是未受训练的阅读者无法读懂句子。”logically合乎逻辑地。8.B 此句意为“他吃力地一字一字地读，常常倒退着重读单词或段落。”9.A what作为连接代词，引导宾语从句。what意为“的东西”。10.C slow down放缓速度。scale down按比例减少。cut down削减。11.B 本段前文已经出现you，在此选one（泛指人们，我们，你）来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。12.A 此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator(快读器)。actor演员。amplifier放大器。observer观察者。13.D 前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。14.C 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enable相当于making possible。lead引导。indicate指出；表明。都不合题意。只有making(使，使得)最合适。15.B 这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义。gist大意；要旨regression回顾。16.A 与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅，而且”，只有选but，而nor，or或for均不能构成固定用法。17.C 本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。18.B take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以例”，其他三项不能构成搭配。19.D 这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较，因此选before。20.D 此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握。go over复习。present呈现，展现。此三项均不妥，只有get through(读完)最恰当。.Reading Comprehension(40 scores)Directions:In this section there are four passages under which there aretotally 20 multiple choice items.Write your answers corresponding to theitems on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy.Almosteveryone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier,have bettermarriages and have more respectable occupations.Personal consultants givethem better advice for finding jobs.Even judges are softer on attractivedefendants.But in the executive circle,beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executiveladder,it is harmful to woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity thanplainer men;effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity thanunattractive ones;their success was attributed not to ability but factors suchas luck.Why are attractive women not thought to be able?An attractive woman isperceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than theless attractive ones.Thus,an attractive woman has an advantage intraditionally female jobs,but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculineposition appears to lack the“masculine”qualities required.This is true even in politic