英语句子分类讲解与专项练习.doc

句子The Sentences
知识要点：
句子按使用的目的可分为四类：
1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感慨句
从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：
1、简朴句 2、并列句 3、复合句
一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）
1、陈述句：
（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。
（2）否认句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。
说明：叙述或否认一个事实或见解。
2、疑问句：
（1）一般疑问句：
Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？
Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。
说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。
（2）特殊疑问句：
Who is the man? 这人是谁？
When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？
What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？
说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）
（3）选择疑问句：
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。
说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。
（4）反意疑问句：
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？
说明：提出情况或见解问对方是否批准。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否认；前面句子否认，后为肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？
He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？
说明：当陈述句部分具有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否认意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。
3.祈使句：
a．陈述句：
Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。
b．否认句：
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别紧张，我会帮助你的。
说明：表达命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。
4.感慨句：
　感慨句通常有what, how引导，表达赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感慨句结构重要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感慨句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！
What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
what + n.：
What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！
What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！
how + adj.：
How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！
how + adv. ：
How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！
How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！
How + adj. + a (an) + n.
How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！
说明：表达说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。
二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）
1、简朴句的句子的类型：
一个主语+一个谓语，例：
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩天天弹钢琴。
两个主语+一个谓语，例：
Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。
一个主语+两个谓语，例：
He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。
两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：
Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.
史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。
结构特殊：只具有一个词或一个词组，例：
Hello! 喂！
Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！
Many thanks. 万分感谢。
2、简朴句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）
句型结构：
（1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：
Birds fly. 鸟飞
They disappeared. 他们消失了。
（2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例：
She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。
（3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：
He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
We help each other. 我们互相帮助。
（4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。
（5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：
They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我规定一切都要在八点前准备好。
注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语
重点、难点：
否认陈述句要注意下列几点：
（1）否认陈述句重要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用品有否认意义的副词也可构成否认陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否认形式
有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但具有否认意义的词，可分以下几种。
否认的主语：
Nobody will agree with you. 没人批准你的意见。
None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。
No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。
否认的宾语：
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。
否认的状语：
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。
We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。
（3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否认句时，表达部分否认。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。）
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
这姐儿俩并不都是护士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做这件事。
【专项训练】：
一、陈述句和疑问句：
1、They happy when they hear the news.
A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t
2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?”
—— “ .”
A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut is
C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does
3、We satisfied with their work.
A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being
4、He coffee at all. He tea.
A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer
C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of
5、She me only twice since last year.
A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen
6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.
A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived
C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives
7、You make such mistakes again.
A．should never B．should not always
C．would always not D．would not forever
8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ .”
A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t
C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t
9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”
A．I cycle there B．I walk there
C．to the work D．I’ve already been there
10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it.
A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk
C．usually is drunk D．drank usually
11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”
A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike
C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike
12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball.
A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is
13、When home from work?
A．do your parents come B．does your parents come
C．have your parents D．our parents come
14、Which of the students the examination?
A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed
15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.
A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of
C．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of
16、—— “Did you have breakfast this morning?
—— “ .”
A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have.
17、 colour is the cover of the dictionary?
A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose
18、 “ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”
A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times
19、There are many pictures on the wall.
do you like best?
A．What B．Which one
C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture
20、Since when her?
A．did you know B．have you known
C．do you know D．you know
21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ .”
A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t
22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “ .”
A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait
C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back
23、 “ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”
A．Which number B．What number
C．What size D．What
24、 “ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”
A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which
25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?
A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not
26、 is the distance between these two villages?
A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much
27、 do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.
A．How many time B．How much
C．How long D．How often
28、How it in English?
A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak
29、 is the population of the city?
A．How much B．How many C．How D．What
30、 did she get this information?
A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What
31、 does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.
A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive
32、About do you want to know more?
A．Whom B．who C．which D．what
33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
——What do you suppose to her.
A．was happening B．to happen
C．has happened D．having happened
34、——Have you heard the news about Jim?
——No. What ?
A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are
35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air?
—— .
A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t
C．Yes, by air D．By air
36、 I go or you go yourself?
A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall
37、——Do you think the question easy or not?
—— .
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy
38、Shall we stay at home or to the park?
A．to go B．going C．go D．will go
39、 writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which
40、—— was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?
——It was open to traffic in 1968.
A．What B．What time C．How long D．When
二、感慨句、祈使句
41、 from Beijing to London!
A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is
C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it
42、Oh, John, you gave us!
A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surprise
C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise
43、 terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A．How a B．What a C．How D．What
44、 girl she is!
A．What bright a B．How a bright
C．How bright an D．What a bright
45、 we have today?
A．How fine day B．What fine day
C．How a fine day D．What a fine day
46、How flowers are!
A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that
47、How !
A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time
48、What work he does!
A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest
49、 careful our monitor is!
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
50、 advice he gave us!
A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How
51、 picture it is!
A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful
C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a
52、 I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!
A．How do B．What do C．What D．How
53、 hardworking students they are!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
54、 long time it lasted!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
55、 down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.
A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned
56、Let’s football in the street.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
57、 careful when you cross the street.
A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do
58、 the child all day long!
A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry
C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry
59、 afraid of make mistakes!
A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not
60、 me again before coming.
A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call
三、反意疑问句
61、You’d like some coffee, ?
A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you
62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ?
A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I
63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .
A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
64、His father knows little about it, he?
A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t
65、We all like reading story books, ?
A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you
66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?
A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t
67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he?
A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did
68、Be sure to write to us, ?
A．will you B．aren’t you C．would you D．can you
69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, you?
A．do you B．will you C．would D．can
70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ?
A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we
71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?
A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t
72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ?
A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it
73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?
A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there
74、He comes late sometimes, ?
A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he
75、——You are not a new comer, are you?
—— . I came here only yesterday.
A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not.
76、She could hardly believe it, ?
A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she
77、You needn’t go, ?
A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you
78、You must work hard from now on, ?
A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you
79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?
A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t
80、He must have left home yesterday, he?
A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ?
A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I
82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, you?
A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t
83、You need to come earlier, you?
A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t
84、You dare not go alone, you?
A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t
85、He shouldn’t drink so much, he?
A．should B．ought C．would D．will
86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?
A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it
87、I’m late for the meeting, ?
A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you
88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they
89、None of the workers attended the party, ?
A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they
90、Everything is right here, ?
A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it
91、A lovely day, ?
A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ?
A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it
93、My sister often needs help with her study, ?
A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she
94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ?
A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t you D．haven’t you
95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ?
A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
96、What a pretty girl, ?
A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she
97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ?
A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he
98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ?
A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I
99、Let us do it for you, ?
A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we
100、They have to face the difficulty, they?
A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t
【答案】：
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A
7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A
13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D
19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C
31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C
37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C
43、D 44、D 45、D 46、C 47、C 48、B
49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B
55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D
61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B
67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B
73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C
79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C
85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A
91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D
97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B

7.若选B 翻译为：你不能再一次经常犯这样的错误。
再一次 和 经常 矛盾~
题目的意思就是要表达“你不能再一次犯这样的错误了”