2023年工商管理学位英语考试模拟题阅读理解题.doc

工商管理学位英语考试模拟题—阅读理解题
1.
The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.
　　Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹)in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.
　　It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she's all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It's not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English.
　　1. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ________.
　　[A] they are geographically isolated from the European continent
　　[B] they have nothing to do with the other Europeans
　　[C] they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances
　　[D] they tend to be reserved by nature
　　2. The word "inhibited" (Line 2, Para. 2) in this passage probably means ________ .
　　[A] unable to have good manners [C] able to act properly
　　[B] unable to express and relax freely [D] able to talk freely
　　3. According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to ________ .
　　[A] inquire about the code of behavior in the train [C] shake hands with the person he knows
　　[B] shake hands with all the passengers [D] behave like an Englishman
　　4. The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that ________.
　　[A] the English are modest in most circumstances
　　[B] the English feel no less than any other nationality
　　[C] the English tend to display less emotion than they feel
　　[D] the English don't take a strong interest in making comment
　　5. What does the passage mainly discuss?
　　[A] The differences between the English and the other Europeans.
　　[B] The different character of the Englishman and its reason.
　　[C] The reasons for English people's shyness.
[D] The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.
答案及解析：
1. A 细节题。文章第一段第二句指出，据称英国人与其他国家的人性格之所以不同，与他们居住在一个与其他欧洲国家隔绝的孤岛有很大关系，所以A对的。
2. B 语义题。结合上文的 the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person among people he knows well 可知，在熟人面前英国人都是安静、害羞、少言寡语的，由此推断，他们见到陌生人，更回感到拘束和紧张，所以B对的。
3. D 推断题。结合文章第二段引述的进入车厢时应当和所有乘客握手和 Needless to say, he was not being serious 可知，引述部分只是一句戏言，作者真正想要表达的意思是，外国人不能违反英国人那一套行为规则，所以D对的。
4. C 推断题。文章第三段指出，英国人很少公开表露极端的热情和情感，尽管英国人的感受并不比其别人的少，随后列举的英国人谦虚、冷漠的表达方式都表每年感了英国人对情感的表现很节制，所以C对的。
5. B 主旨题。文章重要要谈了英国人沉默、情感不外露的性格特性及其形成的因素，所以B对的。

2.
Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growthbut more by accident that design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.
　　Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99％ a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93％ a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
　　Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and instalment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest produceers of soap operas. Globl, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at leastone hour a night.Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
　　"Although they have never really tried to work in a missage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine. "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."
　　Meanwhile, the instalment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers."This led to an enormous change in
　　consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction." says Martine.
　　1.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth_______.
　　A) by educating its citizens
　　B) by careful family panning
　　C) by developing TV programmes
　　D) by chance
　　2.According to the passage, many Third World countries_______.
　　A) haven’t attached much importance to birth control
　　B) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate
　　C) haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population
　　D) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning　　
　　3.The phrase "puts it down to" (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to "_______"
　　A) attributes it to
　　B) sums it up as
　　C) finds it a reason for
　　D) compares it to　　
　　4.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because_______.
　　A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
　　B) they have gradually changed people’s way of life
　　C) people are drawn to their attractive package
　　D) they popularize birth control measures
　　5.What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?
　　A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.
　　B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.
　　C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.
　　D) A country’s production is limited by its population growth.
　　答案及解析：
　　这是一篇关于巴西人口增长率下降因素分析的说明文。短文开门见山提出主题：巴西人口增长率下降重要是意外的因素(by accident);第二段列举人口增长率下降的数据;而后用三段篇幅剖析两大特殊因素：通俗电视连续剧和分斯付款计划，第三段第三句至第四段剖析连续剧导致人口增长率下降的机理，第五段讲分期付款带来的消费模式的改变及其与人口繁殖的关系。
　　1. (A)主题句理解。短文第一句中more by accident than design相称于more by chance than on purpose.
　　2. (D)要点定位推断。短文中两处提到Third World countries: ①第一段第二句 “countries such as India”;②第二段最后一句 “an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries”。两句都考(试^*大暗示这些国家做得不如巴西成功。
　　3. (D)词语理解。由上下文拟定put it down to 中的it 指上文巴西成功减少人口增长率的事实，句中to 后接的是导致这一事实的两大因素(电视剧和分期付款计划)，前后显然是一种因果关系。
　　4. (A)要点定位归纳。本题指向第三、四两段关于电视连续剧影响人口出生率的要点：电视剧中把上层阶级行为模式和价值观包装得十分诱人，传递到巴西的各个地方，影响着各个阶层的生活方式。少生孩子就是这一生活方式的一大特点。
　　5. (B)要点结论归纳。conclusion 必然在短文最后一段，由consumption was incompatible with unlimited reproduction 即可归纳结论B。

3.
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bernardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2023. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic vacation spot."
This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit -with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary-already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket." The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Before the Russian space Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space motel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you're thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A) Take Vacations in Space
B) Building Hotels in Space
C) Flight regulations in Space Travels 
D) Cost of Space Traveling
2. The phrase “bread-and-butter business” most probably means ____.
A) a business to sell bread and butter
B) a business to produce bread and butter
C) the business to make a living 
D) a traveling agency
3. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space
Adventures in Arlington?
A) $1 million. B) $ 10,000.
C) $98,000. D) $ 22,000.
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A) The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.
B) The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space- tourism have plenty of moneys.
C) The government have little interests in this project.
D) The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.
5. What’s the author’s tone in the last sentence of the passage?
A) Objective. B) Ironical.
C) Approving. D) Enthusiastic.
答案及解析：
1. A 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章讨论的是太空旅游业的可行性，所以A对的。其他三项均没有全面概括文章大意。
2. C 语义题。文章第一段首句指出，“麦克开始倒立自己的太空旅行社时，他构想他的________将能把人造卫星送上地球轨道”。A（卖面包和黄油的生意），B（生产面包和黄油的生意），C（谋生生意），D（旅游中介）四个选项中，C最符合题意。bread-and-butter意为“实用的，生计的”。
3. C 细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，费用是两小时98，000美元，所以C对的。
4. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，太空旅行最大的困难是资金问题，美国政府对此没什么爱好，所以C对的;A（计划的最大困难是生命维持系统问题），B（开发此市场的公司家们有足够的资金），D（初次航行在几年内就可实现），均与原文不符，故排除。
5. B 观点态度题。根据上下文可知，作者认为实现太空旅行还很遥远，而有人却已经开始制定规划了，作者的话语中（that galaxy far， far away）具有讽刺意味，所以B对的;A（客观的），C（赞同的）、D（热衷的）均不对的。
4.
As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid.』① But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. 　
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. 　
As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. 『Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. 』②However, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.

1. The middle class mainly refers to people . 　
A. who were born as aristocrat 　B. who have the right to sit in the House of Lords 　
C. who speak in many different local accents D. who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions

2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their .
A. dress B. work 　C. accent D. meal

3. Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain? 　　
A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment. 　B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.
C. Because it is an impolite word. 　　D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.

4. The “upper class” in England today . 　　
A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to