工程测量英语常用词汇.doc

测量英语常用词汇
一、工程测量词汇与短句：
Absolute elevation 绝对高程
adjusted elevation 平差高程
Relative elevation 相对高程
alignment 准直
alignment error 校正误差
/alignment stake 定线桩pile
allowed error 允许误差
/artificial error 人为误差
assumed elevation 假定高程
测量放样setting out/
轴线放样setting out of axis/
background 背景
/back sight 后视
base measurement 基线测量
/base-line 基线
/bearing mark 方位标记
bench level 水准点高程
/bench mark(BM) 水准点，基准点
calculation error 计算误差
/ check 检核
/ check measuring point 校核测点
/check of leveling line 水准路线检测
/ ground elevation 地面标高
construction survey施工测量
/contour等高线
/extra contour 辅助等高线
contour interval 等高距
/ slope distance 斜距
/control line/net/point 控制线，控制网，控制点
coordinate 坐标
/coordinate grid 坐标网格
correction 改正数
/detection 检测
/ deviation 误差
counter-clockwise 顺时针方向
/design coordinate 设计坐标
design elevation设计高程
/detail survey详测
/difference in elevation高差
elevation of sight 视线高程
/ elevation of line of sight 视线标高
error误差
/error control误差控制
/error correction 误差
foresight 前视
/ front-view 前视图
height of instrument 仪器高程
/stability of instrument 仪器稳定性
horizontal angle水平角
/horizontal deviation 水平偏差
/horizontal distance 水平距离
/horizontal line 水平线
land smoothing survey 土地平整测
/lay out/location/locating 放样
solid error 固定误差
/observation error 观测误差
/overall error 总误差
instrument parallax 仪器视差
scale比例尺
/scale accuracy 比例尺精度
/scale error 比例误差
/spirit level 水准器
set up the instrument安顿仪器
/setting out of axis 轴线放样
/site survey 现场勘测
surveying sheet 测量图
/surveying stake 测量标桩
/surveyors pole标杆
staking-out work现场定线
/state plane coordinate system /国家平面坐标系统
triangulation 三角测量
/tripod 三角架
/turning point 转点
uniform slope 等坡面
/vertical control net 高程控制网
/vertical control survey 高程控制测量
visual observation 目测
/zero elevation 零高程
closure traverse 闭合导线
把仪器架到这个点上，把仪器收到车里Set up the instrument over this control point/ take it back into the pick-up
把棱镜立直不要动Hold the prism straight and stable
在这附近有控制点吗? Is there any controlling point around?
测这条路的横段面,每25m一个断面Make a survey of road transverse surface/cross section every 25 meters
我们给的高程是垫块的顶部高程这高程是开挖高程
The elevation is for excavation/the top of the kicker

请把推土机开走
它挡住我的视线
我们看不见棱镜了

Please move away the bulldozer; it blocks my sight of the prism
用白油漆在
U-drain
写里程桩号

Write down the chainage number on U-drain with white paint
我们仪器里没有这些点的坐标要一个一个的输入进去
My instrument does not have the coordinates of these points; we have to put in these figures one by one.
这个桩的位置不是很准确需要改一下

The location of this stake/peg is not right; we have to correct it.
用长皮尺测量一下这路的宽度

Measure the width of road with tape measure
从这点到路边的大约距离是多少?
What is the general/rough distance between this point and the road sideline?
从这点到路的中心线的估计高差是多少?
What is the estimated elevation difference from this point to the central line?
把彩条系到桩子上
Tie/fasten the ribbon to pegs/stakes
这个坡的坡度应当是很缓的
这个坡的坡度是1:3
The gradient of this slope should be flat/ is one in three.
用警示条和竹竿把这个区域封上以免毁坏标杆

测量学各章词汇及英文对照

测绘Surveying
测定survey layout setting-out survey
普通测量学general survey
大地测量学geodetic survey
摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing
海洋测绘学marine surveying
工程测量学engineering surveying
制图学cartography
测量基准面datum plane
大地水准面geodetic surface; geiod
铅垂线plumb-line
水准面level plane
参考椭球面reference ellipsoid
旋转椭球rotating ellipsoid
大地坐标系Geodetic coordinate system
大地经度earth longitude（B）
大地纬度earth latitude （L）
空间直角坐标系spatial rectangular coordinates
独立平面直角坐标系independent plane rectangular coordinate system
高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system
高斯投影Gaussian projection
高程系统height system
高程原点height datum
曲率curvity/curvature
平面控制测量The plane control survey
高程控制测量Elevation control survey

第二章
水准测量Leveling Surveying
水平视线horizontal sight
高程elevation height
高差Difference of height
后视backsight
前视foresight
水准尺Leveling rod
水准仪The Level（instrument）
水准点Bench Mark
尺垫turning point plate
微倾式水准仪slightly leaning level（instrument）
望远镜telescope
水准气泡bubble
管水准器tube level bubble
圆水准器round level bubble
基座base
物镜objectives 目镜eyepieces 聚焦透镜the focus lens 十字丝分划板the cross partition board
目镜调焦螺旋eyepiece optical screw
物镜调焦螺旋objectives optical screw
管水准器tube level bubble
圆水准器round level bubble
三脚架The tripod
视差parallax
视准轴Collimation axis
水准点Bench mark
水准路线Leveling line
闭合水准路线Alosed level route：A loop level route
附合水准路线A line level route：Annexed level route,
支水准路线An open-ended level route：Spur level route.
转点Turning point
闭合差misclosures
闭合差允许误差：Misclosure allowable error
检核check
校正Calibration
自动安平水准仪Autometic level
补偿器compensator
铟瓦水准尺Invar rod
电子水准仪Electronic level
条码尺Barcode rod
误差：error
微倾螺旋2. Slightly sloping spiral
分划板护罩Partition board shield
目镜3. Eyepiece
物镜对光螺旋The objective convergence spiral
制动螺旋Braking spiral
微动螺旋Fine-tune the spiral
底板Base
8. 三角压板Triangle linking piece
9. 脚螺旋Feet spiral:
10. Spring cap弹簧冒
11. The telescope望远镜
12 . Objective 物镜
13. Tube level管水准器
14 .Round level manometers圆水准器
15. Connections small screws: 连接小螺丝
16. Shaft block: 轴座

第三章
角度测量Angles surveying
水平角Horizontal angle(HA)
竖直角The vertical angle(VA)
光学经纬仪optical theodolite(transit)
照准部Collimation device
望远镜Telescope,
竖直度盘vertical dish, vertical circle
水准管Level bubble
读数设备Readings equipment
水平度盘Horizontal dish
测微尺Micro-distance measuring sensor
垂球Plumb bob
对中centering
整平level
光学对中器optical centering device
侧回法Observation set method
方向观测法direction observation method
竖直角指标误差Index error of vertical angle
竖轴The vertical axis VV
水平轴The horizontal axis HH
望远镜视准轴The telescope collimation CC
对中误差Plummet error
目的偏心差Target eccentric error
电子经纬仪Electronic theodolite

第四章
距离测量Distance surveying
直线定向line orientation
钢尺Steel tape
定线Fixing line
视距测量Stadia measurement
电磁波测距仪Electromagnetic rangefinder
微波测距仪Microwave rangefinder
光电测距仪Photoelectric rangefinder
激光测距仪Laser rangefinder
红外测距仪Infrared rangefinder
相位测距仪Phase type rangefinder
脉冲式测距仪Pulsed rangefinder
全反射棱镜Total reflecting prisms
真北方向True north direction
磁北方向Magnetic north direction
坐标北方向Coordinates north direction
方位角Azimuth
真方位角True azimuth (A)
磁方位角Magnetic azimuth(Am)
坐标方位角Grid azimuth(α)
磁偏角Magnetic declination
子午线收敛角meridian convergence
罗盘compass

第五章
全站仪TOTAL STATION
水平制动、微动螺旋Horizontal motion clamp, Horizontal tangent screw
光学对中器Optical plummet telescope
粗瞄镜Sighting collimator
物镜Objective lens
整平脚螺旋Leveling screw
竖直制动、微动螺旋Vertical motion clamp, Vertical tangent screw
目镜Telescope eyepiece
管水准器Plate level
圆水准器Circle level
单棱镜组Single prism system
超站仪(Smart station) Automatic total station , ultra station instrument
交会测量Resection measurement
放样测量Setting-out survey
对边测量Missing Line Measurement (MLM)
悬高测量Remote Elevation Measurement (REM)

第六章
测量平差：Surveying Adjustment
测量误差：surveying errors
系统误差：Systematic error
偶尔误差：random error；accidental error
最或是值：The most probable value
多余观测：Redundant observation
算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means
精度指标：Accuracy index
中误差：Root mean square error (RMSE)
允许误差：Allowable error
相对误差：Relative error
观测值改正数：Observation correction value
误差传播定律：Law of errors propagation
全微分：Total differential
权：Weight
加权平均值：The weighted average （mean）
权倒数传播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law

第七章
控制测量：Control surveying
碎部测量：detailed surveying
平面控制网:Plane control network
高程控制网:Elevation control network
社区域控制网：Small area control network
控制点：control points
国家控制网：State Control net
GPS测量：GPS surveying
导线测量：traverse surveying
三角测量：trigonometric survey
三边测量：trilateral surveying
光电测距仪：photoelectric rangefinder
闭合导线：Closed traverse;
附和导线：Connecting traverse;
支导线：Open traverse.
野外勘察：Field reconnaissance
坐标方位角：Coordinates azimuth
交会定点：Intersection fixed-point
测边交会：Side-surveying intersection
第八章
大比例尺地形图测绘：Topographic Surveying and Mapping in Large Scale
地形:Terrain
地物:Ground feature
地貌:Landscape
比例尺:Scale
依比例符号：Proportional symbols
非比例符号：Disproportional symbols
半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi- Disproportional symbols (Linear symbols )
地形图图式:map schemata
地貌符号:Landscape symbols
等高线:Contour line
注记符号:Note symbols
等高距:contour interval
等高线平距:contour horizontal distance
山头:Peak
洼地:depressions
示坡线:slope line
山脊:Ridge 与山谷: valley
合水线:Close waterline
分水线:watershed line
鞍部（垭口）:Saddle