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高考定语从句复习省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
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1、第1页(一)定义及相关术语(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。先行词之后。第2页2.先行词:先行词:被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。3.关系词:关系词:引导定语从句词叫关系词。引导定语从句词叫关系词。第3页定语从句定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,它作用相当于个名词或代词,它作用相当于一个形容词一个形容词,所以也叫形容词性所以也叫形容词性从句从句.被修饰名词被修饰名词,词组或代词词组或代词即即先行词先行词。定
2、语从句通常出现定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词在先行词之后,由关系词(关关系代词系代词或或关系副词关系副词)引出。引出。第4页For example:This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句第5页关系词相关系代词和关系副词关系词相关系代词和关系副词关系代词有关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等等关系副词有关系副词有:when,where,why第6页关系词通常有以下三个作用:关系词通常有以下三个作用:A.引导定语从句引导定语从句;B.代替
3、先行词代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成份。在定语从句中担当一个成份。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.第7页(二)关系代词引导定语从句(二)关系代词引导定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.第8页Yesterday I help
4、ed an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.第9页2.whom 指人,在定语从句中指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。做宾语,常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.第10页The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.The girl(whom)the teacher of
5、ten praises is our monitor.第11页注意:注意:关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替,也可省略。来代替,也可省略。The man(whom/who)you met just now is my oldfriend.第12页3.which 指物,在定语从句中指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far
6、away from here.第13页He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.The house which is by the lake looks nice.This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.第14页4that 指人时,相当于指人时,相当于 who 或或 whom;指物时,相当于指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语。
7、在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.第15页Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season that/which comes after spring is summer.第16页Yesterday I received a
8、letter that/which came fromAustralia.第17页5.whose 通常指人,也可指物,通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over thecountry.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.第18页I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意注意:指物时,惯用以下结构指物时,惯用以下结构来代替:来代替:The classroom whose
9、door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.第19页Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?第20页(三)(三)“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导定语从句导定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句经常由宾语时,从句经常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。
10、The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.第21页The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.第22页Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/who/that)we have often talked abou
11、t.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.第23页The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.第24页注意注意:1.含有介词短语动词普通不拆含有介词短语动词普通不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词
12、后面。开,介词仍放在短语动词后面。如:如:look for,look after,take care of 等。等。This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.第25页The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.第26页.若介词放在关系代词前,关若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom,不不可用可用who,th
13、at;关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which,不可用不可用that。关系代词是全部格时用关系代词是全部格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.第27页The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable
14、.第28页.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可前还可有有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind tohim.第29页In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom arefrom big ci
15、ties.第30页Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which areabout country life.第31页归纳:归纳:that,即指人又指物,作主语或宾语。即指人又指物,作主语或宾语。which,指物,作主语或宾语。指物,作主语或宾语。who,whom指人指人,who作主语作主语,whom作宾语。作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时,可省去。在定语从句中作宾语时,可省去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last we
16、ek was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/that第32页1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.
17、Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳:1定语从句要防止成份重复 2定语从句要防止漏用先行词 3含有介词短语动词普通不拆开第33页Join two sentences into one:
18、The boy is my brother.He helped me.1.The boy who helped me is my brother.The film is interesting.They saw it last night.2.The film they saw last night is interesting.The students will not pass the exam.They dont work hard.3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.第34页Fill in the gaps:
19、1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man
20、_ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthat第35页以下情况只能用以下情况只能用that1 先行词现有指人又有指物先行词现有指人又有指物2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时,有当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时,有theonly,the very 等修饰时等修饰时3 先行词是先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词等不定代词4 主句是以主句是以
21、who/which开头特殊疑问句时开头特殊疑问句时5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时当先行词在定语从句中作表语时第36页Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.
22、(which that)5.The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.第37页“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”引引导定语从句应注意:导定语从句应注意:1介词选取最少要考虑以下两个原因介词选取最少要考虑以下两个原因A.与先行词搭配关系与先行词搭配关系1)I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I
23、 will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby which第38页B.与谓语动词搭配习惯与谓语动词搭配习惯1)Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the
24、 book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which第39页2.“介词介词whom/which”与与“whom/which/that/介词介词”转换。转换。1)The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is
25、 madeof wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?介词介词for不能与不能与 look分开。分开。3.way作先行词作先行词1)The way(in which/that)he looks at the problems is wrong.第40页4.表全部关系及整体中一部分或全部时,用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteacher
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