法律常用术语分类中英对照.doc

法律常用术语
【（一）、法令】
u  rule 条例
u  law 法律
u  criminal law 刑法
u  interpret 解释（法律）
u  the legislature 立法机构
u  the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系
【(二)、主体】
u  the judge 法官
u  the lawyer律师（总称）
u  the jury陪审团
u  the juror陪审团成员
u  the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；
u  the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人
u  the injured party/victim 被害人
u  witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者
u  the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师
u  the accused/defendant 被告人
u  the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师
【（三）、违法】
【案件种类】
u  case 案件
u  crime - criminal adj.
u  a criminal case 刑事案件
u  a civil case 民事案件
【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】
u  guilt n. [Antonym] innocence
guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent
guilty of a crime/charge
innocent of a crime/charge
commit a crime
violate a criminal law
u  murder 谋杀罪
first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪
manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪
u  forgery 伪造罪
sexual harassment 性骚扰
malfeasance 渎职罪
u  criminal: n. 罪犯
a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law
a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes
u  stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺
to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body
stab someone to death 刺死
flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀
u  mug v. =rob抢劫
to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions
【（四）、程序】
【逮捕】
u  arrest
u  pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car
【调查】
u  investigation
conduct a criminal investigation into
u  criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of law
u  cross-examination
【诉讼】
u  find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guilty
u  to be charged with/to be accused of
to accuse sb. of certain crime
u  charge v.
to charge sb. with certain crime
be charged with (doing) sth
e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.
u  prosecute -prosecution n.
to prosecute sb. for sth.
face prosecution over
to bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼
escape prosecution
u  criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime
u  claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something
【法庭种类】
u  a criminal court 刑事法庭,
e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.
u  a civil court 民事法庭
u  children’s court 少年法庭
u  The Supreme Court 最高法院
【监督】
u  supervise监督
【作证】
u  to testify v.作证
to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law
testify for/against someone
testimony证词

u  proof
definite proof
provide the proof
present the proof

u  evidence 证据，证物
to identify 鉴别

u  flimsy adj. not very reliable
flimsy evidence
accurate adj. correct or true in every detail
unshakable adj. 不可动摇的
self-contradiction 自相矛盾

u  alibi n. 不在场的证据
someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty
【庭审】
u  question v.
u  question/suspect sb’s motive
【辩护】
u  to defend sb 为…辩护
u  to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.
【陪审团讨论】
u  the jury陪审团
u  a grand jury 大陪审团
u  the juror陪审团成员
u  the jury room 陪审室
u  discuss - discussion讨论
u  proposal 提议
u  vote 投票
u  abstain v. 弃权
u  vote for/in favor of/against
u  take a preliminary vote
e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote
u  analyze 分析
u  assume v. 假定
u  ballot n. 无记名投票
u  to argue with 争论
u  agreement 一致意见
u  disagreement 反对意见
u  a reasonable doubt
u  to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision
u  declare a hung jury
u  reach a unanimous decision
u  be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪
u  prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪
【审判】
u  guilty/ not guilty(innocent)
u  trial/ the jury trial审判
u  a fair trial
u  set free / acquitted 无罪释放
u  admit v. agree that something is true 承认
u  plead guilty to something : say that you are guilty
e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.
【（五）、处罚--punishment】
【场所】
u  reform school 感化院,
u  jail/ prison n.监狱
【方式】
u  jail v. to put someone in jail
to be in jail
jail someone for something
go/ be sent to jail
to serve a jail term
u  be executed
the executioner
to pull the switch
u  to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑
to sentence sb. to death
give the sentence 施刑
u  get out of jail
【其他】
u  have the right to do 有权
u on behalf of 代表

draft 法案，草案
Government bill 政府议案
to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案
to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律
ratification, confirmation 批准
law enforcement 法律的实施
to come into force 生效
decree 法令
clause 条款
minutes 备忘录
report 判例汇编
codification 法律汇编
legislation 立法
legislator 立法者
jurist 法学家
jurisprudence 法学
legitimation 合法化
legality, lawfulness 法制，合法
legal, lawful 合法的,依法的
to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法
outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的
offender 罪犯
to abolish 废止，取消
rescission, annulment 废除，取消
repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)
cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同)
cancellation (支票)作废
annulment 撤消(遗嘱)
repeal rescission 撤消(判决)
revocation 撤消
immunity 豁免，豁免权
disability, legal incapacity 无资格
nonretroactive character 不溯既往性
prescription 剥夺公权
attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收
constitutional law 宪法
canon law 教会法规
common law 习惯法
criminal law 刑法
administrative law 行政法
civil law 民法
commercial law, mercantile law 商法
law of nations 万国公法，国际法
international law 国际法
natural law 自然法
labour laws 劳工法
fiscal law 财政法
Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法
Military Law 军法
Conscript Law 兵役法
Copyright Law 著作权法
penal code 刑法典
code of mercantile law 商法典
civil rights 民事权利，公民权利
right of asylum 避难权
human rights, rights of man 人权
(customs) duties 关税
death duty, death tax 遗产税
royalties 版税