国际音标速成教学Michael共8课48个.doc

音标教学：第一课（单元音）
编写：孙瑜/Michael

英语里有26个字母和48个音标。我们知道，在汉语里，学会拼音就可以拼出所有的汉字；同样，在英语里，只要学会了音标，就可以自己拼读所有的英语单词。是不是很神奇呢？下面我们一起来学习。
首先，按气流的受阻与否英语音标可分为元音和辅音，根据音标组合的多少元音又分为单元音和双元音，根据发音对声带的震动影响辅音可分为清辅音和浊辅音。（如下图）
今天，从元音音标的单元音学起。
音标48个
元音20个
辅音28个
单元音12
双元音8
清辅音8
浊辅音20

单元音：〔i〕，〔i:〕，〔e〕，〔æ〕，〔ə〕，〔ə：〕

一、〔i〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌前部抵住下齿，舌尖稍抬高，舌中后部两侧抵住上齿两侧，口型成扁平状。
2、例词：it , big , sit , hit , fish , is , sick , Jim
3、例句：It is a big fish.
Have a sit Jim, you are sick.
4、反复练习（游戏等）

二、〔i:〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌前部抵住下齿，舌尖尽量抬高，舌中后部抵住上颚及上齿两侧，口型成扁平状。
2、例词：eat , bee , he , me , sea , see , feet
3、例句：He eats many peas.
Dear me! I can see a big sea!
4、反复练习
三、〔e〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i/低，口型比/i/大。
2、例词：bed , let , pen , wet , set , end , leg
3、例句：Put the wet leg on the end of the bed.
Jed, let Kelly use your pen.
4、反复练习
四、〔æ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖抵住下齿，舌前中部抬起，牙床打开，腮部往后面收缩，舌位较低。
2、例词：and , cat , hat , bag , bad , black , cap , bat , sat , rat , catch
3、例句：I take a black hat and a bag with myself.
Look, the cat is catching the rat under the bad.
4、反复练习
五、〔ə〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌身平放，舌尖上抬，口半开半合，发“厄”的短音。
2、例词：above , ago , again , around , waiter , paper , danger , winter
3、例句：Hi,waiter, bring me some paper not water.
It’s danger to skate fast in winter.
4、反复练习
六、〔ə：〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖上抬，唇自然张开，发“厄”的长音。
2、例词：surf , burn , work , learn , dirty , term , her , word , fur
3、例句：Hi, the worker is learning to surf.
Her sister burned the dirty fur without one word.
4、反复练习

**练习游戏：群体练习（闪卡猜单词，我说你写，你说我写，一鼓作气等）
分组练习（看谁第一，对抗赛等）

音标教学：第二课（单元音）
〔a:〕，〔ʌ〕，〔ɔ〕，〔ɔ：〕，〔u〕，〔u:〕
一、〔a:〕
1、发音特点：发音时口张大，双唇张而不圆，舌身压低、舌尖后缩，微离下齿，舌后稍隆起，发“啊”的长音。
2、例词：star , harm, dark, artist, hard, farm, garden, large, bar, car, sharp
3、例句：The star is doing harm with a card in the dark.
The artist works hard in a big farm, not a garden.
4、反复练习
二、〔ʌ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇平方，牙床半开，舌尖和舌端两侧轻轻接触下齿，舌后微升，开口与〔æ〕接近，发“啊”的短音。
2、例词：bus, some, cup, duck, hut, cut, monkey, such, fun, luck, us, funny
3、例句：The bus takes some cups and ducks to the hut.
Such bread is cut by the monkey in such a funny way.
4、反复练习
三、〔ɔ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，口型张开，双唇稍向外凸成圆形；舌身尽量降低并后缩，舌后抬起，舌尖不接触下齿；发“奥”的短音。
2、例词：bomb, cock, not, doll, lock, forest, knock, rock, sock, lot, from
3、例句：The cock takes a bomb from the forest, knocks at the rock with the sock,and bombs it.
4、反复练习
四、〔ɔ：〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收得更圆，并向前突出；舌身降低并收缩，舌后部抬得更高，发“奥”的长音。
2、例词：call, Ford, horse, north, short, walk, floor, hall, law, form
3、例句：A man called Ford ride a horse to the north.
A short man is walking on the floor of the hall, writing the law in the form.
She is short, and he is tall.
4、反复练习
五、〔u〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收圆，舌身后缩，舌尖不接触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”的短音。
2、例词：look, took, book, cook, pull, full, put, good, foot, push, wood
3、例句：Look, Jane is putting a cook book on her foot.
Please push the wood away, I’ll pull the boat here.
4、反复练习
六、〔u:〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌身后缩，舌尖不接触下齿，舌后部抬高；牙床自然张开，接近半合；双唇收圆；发“屋”的长音。
2、例词：moon, food, cool, room, tool, pool, fool, noon, ruler, zoo
3、例句：We eat the food in the cool room.
Don’t swim in the pool at noon, let’s go to the zoo.
4、反复练习

音标教学：第三课（双元音）
〔ei〕，〔ai〕，〔au〕，〔ɔi〕，〔iə〕，〔əu〕
一、〔ei〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/e/向/i/过渡，口型由半口张开到小口合拢，双唇呈扁平状，发音由“哎”向“一”过渡。
2、例词：date, gate, lake, late, table, wait, wake, game, save, hate, name
3、例句：Please wait at the gate near the lake.
I hate the name of the game.
4、反复练习

二、〔ai〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/a/向/i/过渡，口型由大口张开到小口合齿，嘴唇不闭；舌尖后缩，舌后部稍抬起，发音由“阿”到“一”过渡。
2、例词：like, hi, rice, my, night, light, bike, white, why, sight, kite, nice
3、例句：Hi, do you like rice in my sight?
It’s a nice kite. Is it white?
4、反复练习

三、〔au〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/a/向/u/过渡，口型由大口张开到小口合圆，舌后部稍抬起，发音从“阿”到“屋”过渡。
2、例词：house, now, loud, cow, mouth, mouse, about, out, flower, cloud,
3、例句：There are about four cows in the house now.
Look, the mouse is putting a flower in the mouth!
4、反复练习

四、〔ɔi〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/ɔ/向/i/过渡，嘴唇由圆变扁，舌头由中部向下移动到下齿根部，由/ɔ/音开始，到/i/音结束。
2、例词：toy, boy, voice, noise, join, enjoy,
3、例句：
4、反复练习

五、〔iə〕
1、发音特点：发音时，由/i/向/ə/滑动，牙齿不动，舌头后缩，并由下齿根处向上挑起，发音从“一”音向“厄”音过渡。
2、例词：ear, here, deer, dear, beer, fear, near, real, beard
3、例句：Oh,dear! The deer has only one ear.
Don’t fear, have some real beer.
4、反复练习

六、〔əu〕
1、发音特点：发音时，由/ə/向/u/滑动，舌尖后缩，舌后部微升，口型在滑动过程中由半开变成小而圆。
2、例词：oh, home, boat, no, so, toe, low, show, note, know, hello, load
3、例句：Oh,no! My toes! Hello,,joe. This is the note.
Show me the boat, I wanna go home!
4、反复练习

音标教学：第四课（双元音+辅音）
〔eə〕，〔uə〕〔j〕，〔w〕，〔f〕，〔v〕
一、〔eə〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/e/向/ə/过渡，口型由半口张开到小口合拢，双唇呈扁平状，舌尖向上挑起，发音由“哎”向“厄”过渡。
2、例词：air, hair, where, there, dare, care, bear, share, wear, fair, pair
3、例句：Take care of your hair in the wet air.
Where is the bear? He is there, wearing a hat.
4、反复练习

二、〔uə〕
1、发音特点：发音时，从/u/向/ə/过渡，口型由圆口变为扁口，双唇呈扁平状，舌尖稍向上，发音由“屋”向“厄”过渡。
2、例词：poor, tourist, sure, pure
3、例句：Jedy is a poor tourist.
Sure, the fur’s pure.
4、反复练习

三、〔w〕
1、发音特点：舌后软腭半元音；发音时，双唇向前突出，舌后部向软腭抬起，发音短促。
2、例词：wear, waiter, wait, way, wet, will, west, we, well, wish, wood
3、例句：Don’t worry.
The waiter will wait on the half way.
So wet, we’ve to go to the west for some wood.
4、反复练习

四、〔j〕
1、发音特点：舌前硬颚半元音；发音时，舌前部向硬腭抬起，舌尖轻抵下齿，双唇伸展成扁平状。
2、例词：yes, year, you, your, yep, yesterday, young, yeah,
3、例句：You look as young as your bother this year, yes?
Yeah,you are right!
4、反复练习

五、〔f〕
1、发音特点：属舌齿音；发音时，上齿轻触下唇；气流从唇齿间流出，是清辅音，发声时声带不震动。
2、例词：fine, fire, fall, life, leaf, knife, from, five, four, coffee, frog, fly, floor
3、例句：The knife falls from the shelf with one leaf.
The frog jumped on the cafe’s floor for four or five steps.
4、反复练习

六、〔v〕
1、发音特点：属唇齿摩擦音；发音时，上齿轻触下唇，气流从唇齿间流出，形成摩擦；是浊辅音，发声时声带震动。
2、例词：very, five, live, leave, vase, village, violin, volleyball, vip, move
3、例句：The vase /va:z/ is so big, let’s move it to the village.
He lived in the village and played violin in a cafe.
4、反复练习

音标教学：第五课（辅音）
〔b〕，〔p〕，〔t〕，〔d〕，〔g〕，〔k〕
一、〔b〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇紧闭，气流从口中冲出双唇，形成爆破音；是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。
2、例词：bag, bad, bed, bye, big, bee, bill, book, back, but, bike, bird
3、例句：It’s a big bag, but it’s bad.
Look! The bee was flying back like a bird, stopped on the book.
4、反复练习

二、〔p〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇紧闭，气流从口中冲出双唇，形成爆破音；是清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：put, peach, peak, sport, speak, apple, yep, map, park, pick
3、例句：Please put the peach on the map.
Pick one red apple, and put it in the big cup.
4、反复练习

三、〔t〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌前部向上抵住软腭，舌根稍向上抵住后颚，气流突然从舌后上方向前冲出舌尖喷出，形成爆破音；清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：take, sit, teacher, table, teeth, meet, ten, tick, twelve, get, put
3、例句：Please sit at the table.
When shall we meet, at ten or twelve?
4、反复练习

四、〔d〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌前部向上抵住软腭，舌根稍向上抵住后颚，气流突然从舌后上方向前冲出舌尖喷出，形成爆破音；是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。
2、例词：do, did, does, duck, deer, date, daddy, need, candy, bad, bed
3、例句：Daddy, does a duck eat candy? / He did a good job!
Stay in bed, you need some rest.
4、反复练习

五、〔g〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌前部向前凸出，舌根向上抵住后颚，气流突然从舌后方向前喷出，形成爆破音；是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。
2、例词：get, go, get, bag, big, give, grow, group, gas, green, good, great
3、例句：Let’s go and get some big green apples.
Give me a bag, the gas is not good.
Great! We are good guys.
4、反复练习

六、〔k〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖紧贴下巴内侧，舌后部向上抵住后颚，气流突然从舌后方向前喷出，形成爆破音；是清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：come, cap, cup, cow, card, clean, kite, kick, pick, make, lake,take
3、例句：The cow comes up with a card and a cap.
Don’t take the cup and kite to the lake, unless you have a card.
4、反复练习

音标教学：第六课（辅音）
〔θ〕，〔ð〕，〔s〕，〔z〕，〔∫〕，〔ʒ〕
一、〔θ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖轻抵上齿，气流从舌齿间的缝隙流出，形成摩擦音；是清辅音，发声时声带不震动。
2、例词：three, teeth, thanks, mouth, both, thing, cloth, thick, thin, tenth
3、例句：There are three teeth in his mouth.
Thanks for your cloth, whether it’s thick or thin!
4、反复练习

二、〔ð〕
1、发音特点：发音时，舌尖轻抵上齿，气流从舌齿间的缝隙流出，形成摩擦音；是浊辅音，发声时声带震动。
2、例词：this, that, there, they, then, thus, either, neither, whether, though
3、例句：This is a boy and these are girls, they are good friends.
Neither of you will go, and either of them has to stay.
4、反复练习

三、〔s〕
1、发音特点：发音时，嘴唇微开，上下齿近乎合拢；舌尖抵住下齿，气流经舌上方、上齿根，从齿缝间流出，形成摩擦音；是清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：ice, face, nice, rice, same, see, sing, sea, snake, save, song
3、例句：Her nice face is covered with ice.
He is singing the same song at the sea.
The snake saved me once, long ago.
4、反复练习

四、〔z〕
1、发音特点：发音时，嘴唇微开，上下齿近乎合拢；舌尖靠近上齿根，气流经舌上侧，从齿缝间流出，形成摩擦音；是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。
2、例词：zoo, zero, eyes, size, vase, rose, clothes
3、例句：There are many roses and vases in the zoo.
What’s the size of your clothes? / Size eight.
4、反复练习

五、〔∫〕
1、发音特点：发音时，嘴唇张开并向前突出；舌尖靠近上齿根后部，舌身抬起靠近上颚，气流经舌尖上端从齿缝间流出，形成摩擦音；是清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：sure, she, shake, sheep, shop, ship, share, shell, wash, cash
3、例句：She makes sure the sheep is not in the shop.
Let’s share the shell on the ship.
Get on the ship and have a wash.
4、反复练习

六、〔ʒ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，嘴唇张开并向前突出；舌尖靠近上齿根后部，舌身抬起靠近上颚，气流经舌尖与上颚之间，从齿缝间流出，形成摩擦音；是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。
2、例词：pleasure, usual, treasure, decision
3、例句：Thanks! My pleasure.
He made a decision, he would go for the treasure.
4、反复练习

音标教学：第七课（辅音）
〔h〕，〔m〕，〔n〕，〔ŋ〕，〔l〕，〔r〕
一、〔h〕
1、发音特点：发音时，口型半开，气流从声门后发出，在流经声门时发出轻微的摩擦；是清辅音，发音时声带不震动。
2、例词：hi, head, hair, hat, hen, hand, her, here, hard,hold, help, hate
3、例句：I have a hat on my head.
Tell her to hand in the homework.
4、反复练习

二、〔m〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇紧闭，舌平放，软腭下垂（不与后舌接触），气流从鼻腔流出。
2、例词：me, map, make, many, much, mummy, man, some, arm, game
3、例句：Mummy, give me a map.
Show me your arm, let’s play a game.
4、反复练习

三、〔n〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇微开，舌尖轻抵上齿根，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔流出，形成摩擦音。
2、例词：one, son, moon, noon, need, neck, now, near, no, nurse, man
3、例句：The nurse shows the moon to the man.
Will the moon come out at noon, son? No.
4、反复练习

四、〔ŋ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇微开，舌尖轻抵下齿根，气流从鼻腔流出，形成摩擦音。
2、例词：sing, song, thing, king, bring, ring, finger,
3、例句：Hi,King, sing a song,please.
The man brings a ring to the King.
4、反复练习

五、〔l〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇稍微张开，舌尖轻抵上齿根部，舌前部向硬腭抬起，气流经舌两侧从口中流出。
2、例词：tell, hold, cold, wolf, little, light, life, late, fly, play, black, like
3、例句：Tell him to hold the wood, it’s a little bad to play in cold water.
The wolf is playing with a little black cat.
4、反复练习

六、〔r〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇小口张圆，向前突出；舌尖轻抵上齿根后部，舌两侧向上收拢，气流经舌两侧从舌尖与硬腭间流出，形成摩擦音。
2、例词：ruler, red, rice, ready, rain, rest, rat, free, sorry, hooray, green
3、例句：The rat is carrying a red ruler, running in the rain.
Don’t say “sorry”, let’s say “hooray”.
4、反复练习

音标教学：第八课（单元音）
〔tr〕，〔dr〕，〔ts〕，〔dz〕，〔t∫〕，〔dʒ〕
一、〔tr〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收圆，并向前突出；舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齿根；气流冲过舌尖和上齿根流出；是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。
2、例词：tree, try, truck, treasure, trouble, true, trip, travel, trust,
3、例句：Try to put the tree on the truck.
Trust me during the trip, or you’ll get in trouble.
4、反复练习

二、〔dr〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收圆，并向前突出；舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齿根；气流冲过舌尖和上齿根流出；是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
2、例词：drink, drive, drop, dream, draw, dress, dry, drill, children
3、例句：Don’t drink and drop while driving.
Please draw a dress for the children.
4、反复练习

三、〔ts〕
1、发音特点：发音时，口微开，呈扁平状，舌尖抵住上齿根，气流冲出舌尖与上齿根的阻挡，发出气流与舌齿的摩擦音；是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。
2、例词：cats, hats, meets, waits, rights, lights,
3、例句：The cats she meets are wearing hats.
He just waits, but has no rights.
4、反复练习

四、〔dz〕
1、发音特点：发音时，口微开，呈扁平状，舌尖抵住上齿根，气流冲出舌尖与上齿根的阻挡，发出气流与舌齿的摩擦音；是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
2、例词：hundreds, needs, kids, hands,
3、例句：We have hundreds of kids here.
Hands up, and tell me your needs.
It needs must be so. 必然如此（彦）。
4、反复练习

五、〔t∫〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收拢并向前突出；舌尖抵住上齿根后部，气流通过舌尖与上齿根接合处时，舌齿突然分开，口型稍变大；是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。
2、例词：chair, watch, catch, children, chicken, cheap, cheese, choose
3、例句：Please catch the watch and sit on the chair.
Which do you like, children, chicken or cheese?
4、反复练习

六、〔dʒ〕
1、发音特点：发音时，双唇收拢并向前突出；舌尖抵住上齿根后部，气流通过舌尖与上齿根接合处时，舌齿突然分开，口型稍变大；是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
2、例词：Jane, Jack, joke, jeep, enjoy, orange, gym, bridge, fridge
3、例句：Jane is playing a joke on Jack.
Jack enjoys eating oranges (taken from fridge).
4、反复练习

音标教学：第九课（单元音）
复习全部音标。
音标教学：第十课（单元音）
复习并测试。

音标时间安排如下：
日期
星期
时间
内容
地点
7.16
星期三
下午
6:44~7:30
〔i〕，〔i:〕，〔ə〕，〔ə：〕
〔e〕，〔æ〕
四楼：二、三、四年纪学生

五楼：五、六、七年级学生
7.17
星期四
〔a:〕，〔ɔ〕，〔u〕，
〔u:〕，ɔ：〕，〔ʌ〕
7.18
星期五
〔ei〕，〔ai〕，〔au〕，
〔ɔi〕，〔iə〕，〔əu〕
7.21
星期一
〔ɛə〕，〔uə〕〔j〕，
〔w〕，〔f〕，〔v〕
7.22
星期二
〔b〕，〔p〕，〔t〕，〔d〕，
〔g〕，〔k〕，
7.23
星期三
〔θ〕，〔ð〕，
〔s〕，〔z〕，〔∫〕，〔ʒ〕
7.24
星期四
〔h〕，〔m〕，〔n〕，
〔ŋ〕，〔l〕，〔r〕，
7.25
星期五
〔tr〕，〔dr〕，〔ts〕，〔dz〕，〔t∫〕，〔dʒ〕
7.28
星期一
复习前24个音标
7.29
星期二
复习所有音标、测试
音标班至此全部结束。