感叹句的讲解及练习题.doc

感叹句的讲解及练习题 一、感叹句的定义 用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory sentence）.感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great ! How cold ! 二、感叹句的六种句式 一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。1.用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。 1）. What +a / an + 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！E.g.What a fine day it is！ 多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an） 2）. What + 形容词可数名词复数形式主语谓语！E.g.: What good teachers they are！ 他们是多么好的老师啊！What beautiful flowers these are！ 这些是多么美丽的花啊！ 3). What + 形容词不可数名词主语谓语！E.g.: What thick ice we are having here！ 我们这儿的冰多厚啊！What round bread it is！ 这是一块多么圆的面包啊！2.用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时，how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。 4). How 形容词主语谓语！（即谓语动词是连系动词） E.g.: How hot it is today！ 今天天气多热啊！How beautiful the flowers are！ 这些花多么美丽啊！ 5). How 副词主语谓语！ E.g.: How hard he works！ 他工作多么努力啊！How well she sings！ 她歌唱得多好啊！ 6). How + 主语谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）E.g.: How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！注意:what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。E.g.: How cold （ it is ） ！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish！三、陈述句变感叹句全解 1.如何快速掌握感叹句？ 学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。E.g.: She is smiling sweetly.How sweetly she is smiling! （移动状语） 2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置？ 通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。E.g.Mr. Turner told us a funny story.What a funny story Mr. Turner told us!（移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语） 3.如何确定使用what还是使用how？ 当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + NE.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名词短语）How fast he is riding!（fast 副词）How cool a bike you are riding!（how + adj. + a/ an +N） 4.如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词？ 名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。E.g.: What beautiful sunshine it is today!（sunshine 不可数名词） What a useful book this is!（useful 以辅音音素开头）What an old house that is!（old 以元音音素开头） 5.以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换？这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的: 含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。E.g.: What an expensive glass he broke! How expensive a glass he broke! 名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。E.g.: How beautiful the birds are! what beautiful birds they are!（说明：N代表名词，未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式，S代表主语，V代表动词） 6.在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略？常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。E.g.: What a naughty boy!（省略了he is） 四、其它句式变感叹句有时陈述句、疑问句（句中常有so或much）以及祈使句也可直接转化为感叹句，不需要改变词的位置，只要改变原来的音调（即变为降调）。E.g.Hes such a nice boy! 多好的孩子！How can you be so clever! 你怎么这么聪明！Don go with us! 别和我们一起去！Have you ever seen such a thing? 你曾见过这种事情吗？五、典型例题例1. _ food youve cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice 答案: D. 评析：由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词，且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除，C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)例2. _terrible weather weve been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a答案: A. 评析：weather为不可数名词，B，D排除, C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。例3. - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot. A. What a timeB. What timeC. How a timeD. how time 答案:A.评析：感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。感叹句的练习题一、选择题 1. _ delicious the dish is! A. WhatB. HowC. What a 2. _ strange clothes he is wearing! A. What a B. WhatC. How a 3. _ an interesting subject it is! A. WhatB. HowC. What an 4. _ foggy it was yesterday! A. What B. What aC. How 5. _ careless a boy you are! A. How B. What aC. What6. _ a nice watch it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a7. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a8. _ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)A.What B. What an C. How D. How an9._ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk.(1999江西) A. How a B. How C. What a D. What10. _ hard work it is!(1999浙江) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an11. _ day it is! Its rainy again. (1999江西) A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine12. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)A. How a B. What a C. How D. What13. _ expensive trousers!(1999浙江) A. What B. What a C. How D. What an14. The sun is shining. fine day it is!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 15. thick ice! Would you like to go skating? A. WhatB. How C. What a D. How a 16. cold it is today! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 17. its blowing! A. What strong B. How strong C. How strongly D. What strongly18. _ they are playing in the playground!A. How happily B. How happy C. What happy D. What happy children19. beautiful flowers! Where did you buy them?A. How B. What C. What a D. How a20. honest Angela is!A. How a B. What an C. What a D. How21. useful work she has done!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a22. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright23. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine24. _ careless he is! A. What B. HowC. So much D. How much25. _ from Beijing to London!A. How long way it is B. What a long way is itC. How long way is it D. What a long way it is26. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise27. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an28. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an29. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.A. What an, aB. what, a C. How an, the D. How; the30. An earthquake hit Indonesia yesterday. - terrible news! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What31. Dad, do you like my picture?- ! Its the nicest one Ive ever seen!A. What a strong boy B. How carefulC. How wonderful D. What a brave boy32. Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist (相扑手). Wow, !A. How a fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man33. What it is! A. nice dayB. nice weather C. a nice weather34. Mrs Smith is!A. How kind woman B. What a kind womanC. What kind woman D. How a kind woman35. piece of important information we have got!A. What a B. What C. What an D. How二、用what与 how填空1. His handwriting is good. _ good his handwriting is!2. These photos are nice. _ nice these photos are!3. Betty sings well. _ _ well Betty sings!4. They are working hard. _hard they are working!5. Jenny was very disappointed when she saw this._disappointed Jenny was when she saw this.6. It is a wonderful concert _a wonderful concert it is!7. They looked worried. _ worried they looked! 8. The young man speaks English well. _well the young man speaks English! 9. They are beautiful flowers. _ beautiful flowers they are!10. It is a difficult problem. _a difficult problem it is !11. Tom has strong arms. _ strong arms Tom has!12. I missed my old friends very much. _I missed my old friends!13. The children like their teacher very much. _the children like their teacher!14. This kind of flower smells nice. _nice this kind of flower smells!15. Time flies fast. _ fast time flies!16. He works hard at his lessons. _ hard he works at his lessons!三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。1. It is quite a nice present._ _ nice present!2. We have fine weather today. _ _weather we have today!3. Its sunny today._ _sunny day it is today!4. The children are working hard._ _the children are working!5. She played basketball wonderfully._ _ she played basketball!6. He is good at singing._ _he sings!7. He was doing well in dancing._ a _dancer he was!8. Tom coughs badly._ _ _cough Tom has!9. The fish is very lovely._ _ the fish is!10. They live a happy life today._ _ _ life they live!感叹句巧解1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如： 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！ / 形容词 单数名词 例句2：What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！/ 形容词 复数名词 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！/ 形容词 不可数名词 例句4：How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！/ 形容词 乱糟糟 若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！ / 副词 （what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how） How time flies! How fast Liu Xiang runs 打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看 形容词后是名单 就用what a或what an 形后若是不可数或名复数 只用what就可以 形容词后乱糟糟 只写how就OK了