Unit3GoodsMovePeopleMoveIdeasMove.doc
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1、Unit 3Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.Erla Zwingle Structure of the Text Part I (Paras. 1-3)Globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. What is new is the speed and scope of change.Part II (Paras. 4-6)This part deals with different views on globalizati
2、on.Part III (Paras. 7-9)Three points are made in this part:(1)Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.(2)Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them.(3)Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Part
3、IV (Paras. 10-13)This part describes the authors experience with Amanda Freeman, a “cool hunter.”Part V (Paras. 14-19)In order to prove that the trend is toward fusion, the author uses Tom Sloper and mah-jong as an example. Part VI (Para. 20)This is a transition, using Chinas change in the past 20 y
4、ears as an example.Part VII (Paras. 21-24)This part deals with cultural trends in Shanghai.Part VIII (Paras. 25-28)The author uses her experience at the Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate her point that the change is at the level of ideas.Part IX (Paras. 29-34)In this part, the author introduces
5、 Alvin Tofflers view on conflict, change and the world order.Part X (Para. 35)A summing-up of linking-goods move, people move and ideas move.Part XI (Para. 36)Conclusion: The result of linking is change whichmeans transformation of each other.Part XII (Paras. 37-39)The author again uses an example f
6、rom Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of cultures.Part VIII (Para. 40)Linking in the endmeans the linking of heart.II. Detailed Analysis of the Text1. Questions on Paragraph 1:l How does the author begin this article? Why does she quote Marx and Engels?The author begins the article with the
7、statement “Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures” which is called globalization. Here the author points out that globalization is a worldwide movement and a movement of reformation of cultures. She does not say, “merging of cultures” but “reformation of cultures,” indicat
8、ing that the cultures in the world will continue to exist but they will not exist unchanged.l The author then says that globalization is not an exact word to describe the changes. Why? The author quotes Marx and Engels to prove her point. According to polls, Marx and Engels are rated among the most
9、influential figures of the past one thousand years. The authors intention is two-fold: on the one hand she wants to show that globalization has resulted from the rise of modern industry and world markets; on the other she wants to stress that it is a process and a historical process at that.Editors
10、note: The favorable reception in the West of Chinese Kun Qu (昆曲) “Peony Pavilion” (牡丹亭), the popularity of Korean films in China, the uproar over tainted milk powder involving a Chinese-New Zealand joint venture company, the alarm caused internationally by bird flu are all examples of the developmen
11、t of globalization.2. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization.” (Para. 1)in the throes of: in the act of struggling with (a problem, decision, task, etc.)Translatio
12、n: 今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”。3. In place of the old wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes, . (Para. 1)Paraphrase: Instead of peoples traditional needs, we find new “felt” needs, demanding goods from distant and far-off p
13、laces to meet them.Note: The object of “requiring” is “the products; “for their satisfaction” is an adverbial phrase, showing purpose.4. Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life. (Para. 1)Paraphrase: Marx and Engels made the prediction 150 years ago. But today it is not a prediction bu
14、t something that happens every day.5. How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and how much money they have. (Para. 2)Paraphrase: Peoples attitude toward globalization is to a great extent determined by whether they are in developed or less developed countries and whether t
15、hey are among the haves or the have-nots.Note: The author is to a large extent correct in making this statement. According to polls in the U.S., the attitude towards globalization has a lot to do with a persons level of income and education. An analysis of the economic situation in the world in rece
16、nt years shows that most of the benefits of globalization have gone to the developed world, hence the dissatisfaction and resentment of many in the Third World.6. Yet globalization, as one report stated, “is a reality, not a choice.” (Para. 2)Paraphrase: Globalization is not something that you can a
17、ccept or reject; it is already a fact of life, which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.7. Humans have been weaving commercial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. (Para. 2)caravan: a company of travelers, esp. of merchants or pilgrims trave
18、ling together for safety, as through a desertventure: to undertake the risk of, to braveafield: away (from home)Paraphrase: People in the world made commercial and cultural contacts long before merchants on camels risked traveling to places far away from home.8. wrought (Para. 2): (past participle o
19、f work) to produce results or exert an influence9. Telegraph. between individuals and the wider world. (Para. 2)Paraphrase: The invention of the telegraph brought individuals and the outside world closer but at the same time the connection was more complex, less direct, not so easy to see or detect.
20、Translation: 电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起,这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。Note: The author uses “intricate” and “complicated” to describe the connection because with the emergence of advanced technology, the connection is not only faster but also more difficult to see, to explain. For example, connection with t
21、he outside world through watching cable TV or listening to radio is less tangible and much less direct than camel caravans. But a connection is established. Telegraph and Internet connections are examples. You can connect through the Internet to a person you may never have actually met in person.10.
22、 Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. (Para. 3) dynamic: a force producing motion or changeNote: “Still” here introduces a contrast. Paragraph 2 tells the readers that modern technology makes the connections and changes faster and more complicated. Paragrap
23、h 3 stresses that the basic pattern is the same. The difference lies in the speed and scope of change.11. Questions on Paragraph 4:(1) How do Western social scientists, anthropologists and politicians view the trend toward globalization? Does the author agree? What is your view?Many members of these
24、 groups believe that globalization will result in the spread of American goods as well as American values and culture, and that the consequence will inevitably be the Americanization of the world.The author is not so pessimistic. She does not think that globalization means Americanization; she belie
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