动物微生物学教学大纲.doc

《高级微生物学》双语课教学大纲

课程名称：高级微生物学 面向专业：全校
课程代码： 大纲执笔人：常维山
总学分：2 大纲审定人：柴同杰

一、课程教学的目的、性质、地位和任务
微生物学是一门历史较短、发展较快、纵横交错和广泛联系实际的学科，具有内容覆盖面广和跨度大等特点。动物微生物本身是一个重要而独具特色的生物群体，它们不仅是一个研究生物学基本规律的理想材料，而且与动物及人类的生命活动密切相关。微生物的应用已涉及到兽医学、医学、农业、工业、食品和生物技术等许多方面。这样都促使动物微生物学不断发展和日益受到重视，使微生物成为生物学的重要学科，并为人类的生活作出重要贡献。
二、课程教学的基本要求
让学生在头脑中建立一个较牢固的动物微生物学知识网络；使他们获得一个既有一定深度和广度，又有一定的历史、现状和发展前景的综合知识；努力启发、引导和培养他们的科研及实际能力，使他们在本学科领域中能站得高，看得远，做得好。本课程一般应安排在生物化学课程以后学习。
三、课程教学大纲及学时分配
Part Ⅰ Intrduction to Microbiology
1. The History and Scope of Microbiology
The Discovery of Microorganisms
The Conflict over Spontaneous Generation
The Role of Microorganisms in Disease
Recongnization of the Relationship between Microorganisms and Disease
The Development of Techniquies for Studying Microbial Pathogens
Industrial Microbiology and Microbial Ecology
Members of the Microbial World
The Scope and Relevance of Microbiology
The Future of Microbiology
2.Eucaryotic Cell Structure and Function
An Over of Eucaryotic Cell Struture
The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes and Endocytosis
Eucaryotic Ribosomes
Mitochondria]
Chloroplasts
The Nucleus and Cell Division
Nuclear Structure
The Nucleous
Mitosis and Meiosis
External Cell Coverings
Cilia and Flagella
Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells
Part Ⅱ Microbial Nutrition , Growth ,and Control
Microbial Nutrition
The Common Nutrient Requirements
Requirements for Carbon, Hydrogen,and Oxygen
Nutritional Types of Microorganisms
Requirements for Nitrigen,Phosphorus,and Sulfur
Growth Factors
Uptake of Nutrients by the Cell
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Group Translocation
Iron Uptake
Culture Media
Synthetic or Defined Midia
Complex Media
Types of Media
Isolation of Pure Cultures
The Spread Plate and Streak Plate
The Pour Plate
Colony Morphology and Growth
Microbial Growth
The Growth Curve
Lag Phase
Exponential Phase
Death Phase
The Mathematics of Growth
Measurement of Microbial Growth
Measurement of Cell Numbers
Measurement of Cell Mass
The Continuous Culture of Microorganisms
The Chmostat
The Turbidostat
The Influence of Environmental Factors on Growth
Solutes and Water Activity
PH
Temperature
Oxygen Concerntration
Pressure
Radition
Microbial Growth in Natual Environments
Growth Limitation by Environmental Factors
Counting Viable But Nonculturable Vegetative Procaryotes
Quorum Sensing and Microbial Population
Control of Microorganisms by Physical and Chemical Agents
Definition of Frequently Used Terms
The Pattern of Microbial Death
Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agent Activity
The Use of Physical Methods in Control
Heat
Low Temperature
Filtration
Radiation
The Use of Chemical Agents in Control
Phenolics
Alcohols
Halogens
Heavy Metals
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Aldehydes
Sterilizing Gases
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agent Effectiveness
Part Ⅲ Microbial Molecular Biology and Genetics
Genes : Structure , Replication ,and Mutation
DNA as Genitic Material
Nucleic Acid Structure
DNA Struture
RNA Struture
The Organization of DNA in Cells
DNA Repblication
Patterns of DNA Synthesis
Mechanism of DNA Repblication
The Genetic Code
Establishment of the Genetic Code
Organization of the Code
Gene Structure
Genes That Code for Protein
Genes That Code for t RNA and rRNA
Mutations and Their Chemical Basis
Mutations and Mutagenesis
Spontaneous Mutations
Induce Mutations
The Expression of Mutations
Detectation and Isolation of Mutants
Mutants Detection
Mutants Selection
Carcinogenicity Testing
DNA Repair
Excision Repair
Removal of Lesions
Postreplication Repair
Recombination Repair
Genes: Expression and Regulation
DNA Transcription or RNA Synthesis
Transcription in Procaryotes
Transcription in Eucaryotes
Protein Synthesis
Transfer RNA and Amino Acid Activation
The Ribosome
Initiation of Protein Synthesis
Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain
Termination of Protein Sythesis
Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones
Protein Splicing
Regulation of mRNA Synthesis
Induction and Repression
Negative Control
Positive Control
Attenuation
Global Regulatory Systems
Catabolite Repression
Regulation by Sigma Factors and Control of Sporlation
Antisense RNA and the Control of Porin Protein
Two—Component Phosphorelay Systems
Control of the Cell Cycle
Microbial Recombination and Plasmids
Bacterial Recombination: General Principles
Bacterial Plasmids
Fertility Factors
Resistance Factors
Col Plasmids
Other Types of Plasmids
Transposable Elements
Bacterial Conjugation
F+× F －Mating
Hfr Conjugation
F’ Conjugation
DNA Transformation
Transduction
Generalized Transduction
Specialized Transduction
Mapping Genome
Recombination and Genome Mapping in Viruses
Part Ⅳ The Viruses : Viruses of Eucaryotes
Classification of Animal Viruses
Reproduction of Animal Viruses
Adsorption of Virions
Penetration and Uncoating
Replication and Transcription in DNA Viruses
Replication and Transcription in RNA Viruses
Synthesis and Assembly of Virus Capsids
Virion Release
Cytocidal Infections and Cell Damage
Persistent ,Latent ,and Slow Virus Infections
Viruses and Cancer
Plant Viruses
Virion Morphology
Plant Virus Taxonomy
Plant Virus Reproduction
Transmission of Plant Viruses
Viruses of Fungi and Algae
Insect Viruses
Vioids and Prions
Part V Pathogenicity of Microorganisms
Host-Paracyte Relationships
Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases
Entry , Contact, and Primary Replication
Viral Spread and Cell Tropism
Cell Injury and Clinical Illness
Recovery from Infection
Virus Shedding
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Diseases
Maitaining a Reservoir of the Bacterial Pathogen
Transport of the Bacterial Pathogen to the Host
Attachment and Colonization by the Bacterial Pathogen
Invasion of the Bacterial Pathogen
Growth and Multiplication of the Bacterial Pathogen
Leaving the Host
The Clonal Nature of Bacterial Pathogen
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Factors
Pathogenicity Islands
Toxigenicity
Microbial Mechnisms for Escaping Host Defences
Evasion of Host Defenses by Viruses
Evasion of Host Defenses by Bacteria

四、课程考核要求
闭卷考试(英语出题，汉语答卷)。
使用自编课件。建议参考下列有关书籍：兽医微生物学（第三版），甘肃农大主编，农业出版社； MICROBIOLOGY（影印版），（5TH ,Edition）,高等教育出版社。