大学英语四级考试常考词汇及历年词汇真题解析.doc

大学英语四级考试常考词汇及历年词汇真题解析Aabsorb vt吸收；使专心【搭配】be absorbed in专心于 【考题】She was so in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the doorA）attracted B）absorbed C）drawn D）concentrated（1996125B）【译文】她工作如此专心以致于没听见有人敲门。abuse vt滥用；虐待n滥用【考题】It has been revealed that some government leaders their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselvesA）employ B）take C）abuse D）overlook（1996634C）【译文】据透露，一些政府官员滥用职权为自己谋取非法利益。accomplish v达到；完成【考题】The project， by the end of 2000，willexpand the citys telephone network to cover 1，000，000 usersA）accomplished B）being accomplishedC）to be accomplished D）having been accomplished（1999668C）【译文】预计在2000年前完成的这项工程将扩大该市的电话网至 1，000，000用户。account n账；账户v说明原因【搭配】on account of 为了的缘故，因为takeinto account 考虑到【考题】Id his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community，and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loanA）take into account B）account forC）make up for D）make out（2000163A）【译文】我得向社区的其他的农户和商人们了解他的信誉，然后再决定是否同意他的贷款请求。approve vt赞成，称许；批准approval n【搭配】for sbs approval 求某人指正 give ones approval to 批准【考题】If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possibleA）approve B）will approve C）can approve D）would approve（1997147D）【译文】要是委员会能尽快批准这些规章制度并付诸实施就好了。approximately ad近似地，大约【考题】They claim that 1，000 factories closed down during the economic crisisA）sufficiently B）approximately C）considerably D）properly（1993145B）【译文】他们宣称大约有1000家工厂在经济危机中倒闭了。arise vi出现；由引起【考题】Some confusion has about who can join the associationA）retained B）lifted C）raised D）arisen（1992143D）【译文】关于谁加入协会意见不一。artificial a人工的；矫揉造作的【考题】There were some flowers on the tableA）artificial B）unnatural C）false D）unreal（1991644A）【译文】桌子上有一些假花。ashamed a惭愧（的）；羞耻（的）【搭配】be ashamed of 以为是耻辱be ashamed to do sth以干为耻【考题】He was of having asked such a silly questionA）sorry B）guilty C）ashamed D）miserable（1991665C）【译文】他对自己问了这样一个愚蠢的问题感到很不好意思。associate vi交往n伙伴，同事【搭配】associate oneself with 加入associate sthwith 把（某事物与其他事物）联系在一起associate with 和来往【考题】A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the open countryside and homegrown foodA）tied B）bound C）involved D）associated（1996623D）【译文】人们总是把健康的生活与开阔的乡村和自家种的食物联系在一起。available a可利用的；通用的【考题】Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are in grocery storesA）ready B）approachable C）probable D）available（1997143D）【译文】经过加工随时可供烹调的方便食品在食杂店可以买到。awkward a笨拙的；尴尬的【考题】The shy girl felt and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teachers questionsA）amazed B）awkward C）curious D）amused（1998642B）【译文】当这个害羞的女孩回答不上来老师的提问时，她感到很窘迫和难受Bban v禁止In most countries the sale of liquor to children is banned大多数国家都禁止卖酒给小孩子们。n禁止，禁令announce a 30-day ban on hunting宣布30天的禁猎令【辨析】ban，forbid 和 prohibit三个词都表示“禁止”，其中ban语气最重，指权威机关正式禁止。 forbid是普通用词，指个人行为。prohibit是正式用词，指用法律或法令来禁止。bare a无遮盖的；空的；仅仅的a bare hillside 光秃秃的（无树木的）山坡a room bare of furniture 几乎没有家具的房间the bare necessities of life 最起码的生活必需品v揭露，暴露，揭开，去除的覆盖物bare ones head 脱去帽子bare ones heart 表露真情【全真考题】Although they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills are still （996）A）bare B）vacant C）blank D）hollow答案Abarely ad仅仅，只不过，几乎不We barely had time to catch the train我们仅有勉强赶上火车的时间。【用法】1barely 用在句首时引起句子倒装。 2barely 含有否定意义，因此用在反意疑问句中时，句尾的疑问短句要用肯定形式。3barelywhen 结构表示“刚就”，barely 所在的部分要倒装。 4barely 不与 ever，any 和 at all 连用。【辨析】barely，hardly，rarely 和 scarcely四个词意义相近，都表否定概念，但也有一些差别。rarely 意为“难得，不常”（not often）。Rarely have I seen him smilehardly 往往强调能力上有困难，意为“简直不，很难”。He can hardly jump over the fencescarcely 往往强调不足，常同 enough，sufficient，any 等表示程度的词连用，意为“不太，几乎，简直没有”。He has scarcely any money leftbarely 与 hardly 和 scarcely 意思相近，意为“几乎，勉强，仅能做到”。但如果后面跟有 ever，any，at all 等词，只能用 hardly 或 scarcely，不能用 barely。benefit n益处；优越性；保险金，救济金Ive had the benefit of a good education我得益于良好的教育。the benefits of science科学的优良条件 unemployment benefits失业保险vi得益He hasnt benefited from the experience他并没有从他的经验中受益。vt使受益This policy benefits the whole city这个政策使整个城市受益。【用法】benefit 作不及物动词时，其后常接介词 from。bore vt使感到厌烦All his old stories bore me他所有的老生常谈使我厌烦。n令人厌烦的事物Dont be such a bore别这么讨厌。【用法】bore的两种分词形式boring 和 bored：boring 表示主动，指某事物令人厌烦；bored表示被动，指被某事物弄得厌烦。He was bored with his jobIts a boring film类似的词还有interesting与interested；exciting与 excited等。Cconcentrate v全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志；集中，集合；浓缩We should concentrate all our efforts on improving education我们应该集中精力努力改进教育工作。Troops are concentrating south of the river军队正向河的南边集结。n浓缩液【用法】concentrate（sth）on sthdoing sth【全真考题】Anne couldnt concentrate what she was doing while her family were watching TV（931）Ato Bon Cfor Din【答案】Bcontinual adj继续不断的；一再重复的continual rain 不停的雨【辨析】continual与continuouscontinual一般指多次重复的动作：Please stop your continual questionscontinuous表示动作或物体继续不停地或不间断地进行下去：a continuous flow of traffic【全真考题】Our journey was slow because the train stopped at different villages（991）Aunceasingly BgraduallyCcontinuously Dcontinually【答案】Dcontrary adj（在性质、倾向或方向等方面）相反的；好与人作对的contrary beliefs 截然相反的信仰He is an awkward，contrary child他是个又麻烦又不听话的孩子。n反面【用法】contrary to 违反：be contrary to the law；on the contrary 与此相反：It doesnt seem ugly to me；on the contrary，I think its rather beautiful【全真考题】What you have done is the doctors orders（901）Aattached to Bresponsible toCresistant to Dcontrary to【答案】Dcontributev捐款，捐助；有助于；投稿We contributed clothing to the relief of the poor我们捐赠衣物救济贫民。Hard work contributed to his success努力工作使他成功。He contributed poems to the magazine他投诗稿给杂志。【用法】contribute与介词to搭配：contribute（sth） to【全真考题】Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes the increase of cancers（941）Atowards Bfor Cwith Dto【答案】Dcritical adj吹毛求疵的，批评的；决定性的，重要的He is so critical that nobody can please him他太吹毛求疵，所以没有人能取悦他。We arrived at the critical moment我们在关键时刻到达。【用法】critical作吹毛求疵的、批评的讲时与介词 of搭配。【全真考题】The director was critical the way we were doing the work（20001）Aat Bin Cof Dwith【答案】C大学英语教学大纲中，关于四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为 2500）以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条（中学所掌握的单词和词组均包括在内），并具有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。”大纲中所指的领会式强调对词义的认知，而复用式则强调对这类词的词义辨析、用法以及搭配关系的掌握。因此，以大纲为指导，四级考试中词汇的内容，除了考察对单词的认知外，还测试词义的细微区别、词汇用法和搭配关系。目前考察领会式词汇为739占大部分，复用式占261。在此篇和上期所列重点词汇的四级考题中，bare，concentrate，contribute，continual，critical都以复用式词汇方式来考察。其中，bare和continual考察词义的辨析；concentrate， contribute和critical考察了词的搭配关系。当然，四级试题中词汇的领会与复用也不都是界限分明的，有时在一道题中会既考察认知又考察用法等D同学们，如果你正在复习大学英语四级词汇的字母D部分，请跟我来。先做题，再认真阅读题后的讲解。看看收获如何。1The issue is how to of radioactive wasteAdeal Bdispose Cdisposal Ddo答案与译文B问题是怎样处理放射性废料。辨析及搭配Adeal（with）处理；应付；做生意。例句：I have dealt with this company for more than a decade我已经与这家公司做了十多年的生意。B dispose（of）处理；处置；除掉；去掉。例句：Man proposes，God disposes谋事在人，成事在天。Dispose of these old newspapers！把这些旧报纸处理掉。Cdisposaln处理；处置。Ddo处理；整顿；解决（问题）。2The trend of brain drain does the developing countries degrees of harmAdiver Bdiversify Cdiverse Ddiversity答案与译文C人才外流的趋势不同程度伤害着发展中国家。辨析及搭配Adiver n潜水员。Bdiversify v使多样化。Cdiverse adj不同的。Ddiversity n多样性。此处只能用形容词diverse修饰名词。3Whether he could obtain his diploma or not greatly himAdisturbed Bdistinguished Cdistresses Ddisputes答案与译文A是否能取得文凭极大地扰乱了他的心绪。辨析及搭配Adisturb 扰乱；打扰。Bdistinguish（between；from）区分；辨别。Cdistress使悲痛；使忧伤。Ddispute 争论；辩论；争执。4All had to stay in the open space，espat night， for the of the warning of an earthquakeAdonation Bdomination Cdestination Dduration答案与译文D在整个地震警报期间，大家只好（特别是在夜间）待在空旷的地方。辨析及搭配Adonation 捐赠品；捐款。B domination统治；控制；支配。Cdestination 目的地。Dduration期间；持续时间。5The free market is with purchasers and merchantsAdeliberate Bdense Cdependent Ddesirable答案与译文B自由市场上云集买卖双方而一片繁忙。辨析及搭配Adeliberate蓄意的；审慎的。B dense（with）密集的；浓厚的；繁忙的。Cdependent依靠的；依赖的；以而定。Ddesirable值得要的；合心意的；悦人心意的。6MrSmith is used to reading his favorite academic over coffeeAdigital Bdigest Cdigestion Dindigestion答案与译文B史密斯先生习惯于边喝咖啡边读他最喜欢的学术文摘。辨析及搭配首先排除Adigital adj数字的；数码的。后面三个是同根词：Bdigest v消化，领悟。n文摘，摘要。Cdigestion n消化，领悟。Dindigestionn消化不良。7Failure is the mother of success，so that hers hasnt her，but encouraged her to redouble her exertions insteadAdischarged BdiscountedCdiscarded Ddiscouraged答案与译文D失败乃成功之母。所以她的失败没使她灰心丧气，反而使她加倍努力。辨析及搭配Adischarge v允许离开；排（放）出。Bdiscount vt打断；漠视；认为不值得考虑。Cdiscard vtvi抛弃；放弃。Ddiscouragev使泄气；沮丧；阻拦。8The chemistry teacher dipped his finger into the mixture and took it out of itAindirectly Bdirectly Cdimly Ddiplomatically答案与译文B化学老师把一个指头伸进混合液里，立刻又拿了出来。辨析及搭配Aindirectly 间接地；拐弯抹角地。 Bdirectly 立即；很快；直接地。Cdimly 微暗地；朦胧地。Ddiplomatically 外交上；外交地。（上接第2面）9Any in a watch is very delicateAdevice Bdevise Cdeviancy Ddeviation答案与译文A钟表中的任何装置都非常精巧。辨析及搭配首先排除动词Bdevise v设计；发明。Adevice n装置；设备；方法；计划。Cde- viancy n反常；背离。Ddeviation n背离；越轨；偏差。10His disasters were to what he had done wrongAdespite Bin spite of Cdown Ddue答案与译文D他遭灾难的原因是曾经干过坏事。辨析及搭配根据句中的to，可否定A和B。 Adespite不管；尽管；不论。直接带短语，例句：Despite the pouring rain，he went to his post as usual尽管大雨倾盆，他照常去上班。Bin spite of与A同义。In spite of the pouring rain，he went to his post as usualC down往下；沿着。Ddue to因为；由于而起。例句： Due to his illness he was lying in bed因为生病，他躺在床上。11No one can any citizens legal rightAbe done with Bdraw on Cderive from Ddeprive of答案与译文D谁也不能剥夺公民的合法权利。辨析及搭配Abe done with了结了；完成了。 Bdraw on戴（穿）上；吸收；引诱。例句：The jailer drew the prisoner on to tell his story看守诱导囚犯把事情说出来。Cderive from得来（自）；由获得。例句： Anyone can derive a lot of pleasure from making friends任何人都能从结交朋友中获得许多乐趣。Ddeprive of剥夺；夺去。12The gifted engineer a model of the atomic generatorAdragged Bdrafted Cdrifted Ddratted答案与译文B那位天才工程师画了一幅原子发电机草图。辨析及搭配Adrag拖；拉。Bdraft起草；草拟。draft a plan of study草拟一份研究计划Cdrift漂流；飘荡。Ddrat（damn）例句：Drat it！I forgot my key！见鬼（该死）！我忘了钥匙！13MrBlack was in the ，standing there dumbfounded，not knowing what to doAdark Bdusk Cdawn Ddam答案与译文A布莱克先生不知就里，站在那里目瞪口呆，不知怎么办好。辨析及搭配Adark黑暗，in the dark在黑暗中；不知情；蒙在鼓里。例句：Parents often keep their children in the dark about their presents on New Years Eve新年前夕，父母亲常常不让孩子们知道他们的礼物。Bdusk薄暮；黄昏：It is hard to see clearly at dusk黄昏时难看清楚东西。Cdawn黎明；破晓。例句：They take their boat out every day at dawn他们每天黎明时起航出海。Ddam大坝。14An unexpected guest on us last nightAdecreased Bdeclined Cdescended Ddropped答案与译文C昨天晚上，一位不速之客突然来到我们家。辨析及搭配Adecrease减少；降低。例句：The number of illiberal people is decreasing gradually缺乏文化素养的人数在渐渐减少。Bdecline下倾；下降；下垂。Cdescend下来；下降；突然来访（与upon，on连用）。例句：Amy descended upon us at Christmas艾米在圣诞节时突然来访。Ddrop落下；下降；滴，drop by in over round顺便来访。E1economic economical两者都是形容词，但词义不同。economic意为“经济上的”，“经济学的”；而economical意为“节约的”，“节省的”，常用于“be economical of”结构。例如：economic growth经济增长an economical person节俭的人典型考题：Being of money，she managed to save enough for a holidayAeconomic Beconomical Ceconomics Deconomies答案为B。句意：由于节省，她设法储够了度假的钱。economics经济学，经济情况；economies节约，节省，节俭。2efficient effective形容词efficient与effective都表示“有效的”。efficient指“有效率的”，“高效率的”，“有能力的”，常指人；而effective表示“有效的”，“效率好的”，“得力的”，常指政策、措施等。如：a very efficient production manager 一位非常得力的生产经理effective teaching 效果好的教学典型考题：A lawyer needs an secretaryAinefficient Befficient Ceffective Dsufficient答案为B。句意：律师需要一位能干的秘书。inefficient不能胜任的，没有能力的；sufficient充分的，足够的。3electric electricalelectric与electrical均作形容词用，但前者用来指“用电来驱动的”，“由电产生的”，后者为“与电有关的”。另外electric还可以表示“令人震惊的”。例如：an electric torch（generator）电筒（发电机）an electrical engineer电机工程师典型考题：His speech had aneffect on the crowd；they all cheered himAelectric Belectrical Celectronic Delastic答案为A。句意：他的演说震撼人心，整个人群都向他欢呼。 electronic电子的；elastic有弹性的。4eminent imminenteminent和imminent都是形容词，词形相似，但词义不同。eminent指“著名的”，“卓越的”，“杰出的”； imminent指“即将发生的”，“迫在眉睫的”。例如：Washington was eminent both as a general and as president华盛顿作为一位将军和总统，都是出类拔萃的。The black clouds and the lightning show that a storm is imminent乌云和闪电表明暴风雨即将来临。典型考题：As we know，Churchill was one of the worlds most statesmenAeminent Bimminent Cillicit Dexplicable答案为A。句意：众所周知，邱吉尔是世界上最卓越的政治家之一。A与B较易混淆，前者意为“著名的”；后者意为“逼近的”，“即将发生的”。illicit违法的；explicable可解释的，可说明的。5emotional emotiveemotional与emotive并不同义，却常被混淆。emotional表示“充满感情的”，“易动感情的”，主语多为人；emotive表示“使人激动的”，“令人感动的”之意，主语多为物。如：an emotional person 易动感情的人an emotive speech 令人感动的演讲典型考题：Women are often said to be more than menAemotions Bmotions Cemotional Demotive答案为C。句意：常常说女人比男人易动感情。emotions是人类精神情感的总称，包括喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪；motions运动，动作。6enviable enviousenviable表示“值得羡慕的”，多作定语用。如an enviable possession一笔令人羡慕的财产。而envious表示“羡慕的”，“嫉妒的”，常用于短语be envious of（羡慕，嫉妒）。典型考题：Mary would always be of her sisters beautyAenvoy Bvarious Cenviable Denvious答案为D。句意：玛丽总是嫉妒她妹妹的美丽。envoy使节，公使；various各种各样的，不同的。7equal equivalentequal与equivalent近义。但equal指在大小、质量、数量、形状、价值等方面相当或相等，常用词组be equal to（等于，和相等），而equivalent指在意义、重要性等抽象的方面相当或相等。另外，equal可作名词用，表“对手”，“匹敌者”。如：equal pay for equal work 同工同酬His behavior is equivalent to treason他的行为等于背叛。典型考题：John knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his Asimilar Breflection Cequal Dequivalent答案为C。句意：约翰对星球的知识如此渊博，我可以断定没有人可以与他匹敌。similar类似的，和to连用；reflection倒影，反射。8exhausting exhaustiveexhausting与exhaustive是同根形容词，但词义差别很大。exhausting意为“使人疲惫不堪的”，“筋疲力尽的”。而exhaustive表示“彻底的”，“无遗漏的”，“广泛的”。如：We had a long and exhausting meeting this morning今天上午我们开了一个使人疲倦的长会。I dont claim to be exhaustive on this subject我并不认为自己把这个问题讲透了。典型考题：The professor did research before writing the articleAexhausting Bexhaustive Cexhibited Dexecuted答案为B。句意：这位教授在写这篇文章之前，做了全面的调查研究。exhibit展览，陈列； execute执行，如execute orders执行命令。Ffacilityf silitinpl设备，设施便利，容易，方便【考点】facility表示“设备，设施，便利”时通常只用复数。facultyf k ltin能力，技能，天赋系，学科，学院全体教员【考点】faculty表示“全体教员”用做主语时，如看做是一个整体，则其谓语用单数形式；如看做是个体，其谓语则用复数形式。fadefeidvi褪去，褪色逐渐消失，变微弱，变黯淡凋谢，枯萎vt使褪色【辨析】fade和wither两词都可表示“凋谢”。但前者表示渐渐失去色彩和鲜艳，有时也表示暗淡。后者则指因无活力或不鲜艳而失去生气，可以借喻为“衰老”。faithfulfei fula忠诚的，忠实的，忠贞的尽职的，责任心强的如实的，准确可靠的【考点】faithful用做表语时后面的搭配介词是to，即 be faithful to。fancyf nsivt想要，喜欢想象，设想猜想