大连外国语大学高级翻译学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（1）UNDP:United Nations Development Program【答案】联合国开发计划署（2）TMD:theater missile defense(system)【答案】战区导弹防御（系统）（3）OTC:Over the Counter【答案】非处方（药）（4）IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织（5）NASA:National Aeronautics and Space Administration【答案】美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（6）GPS Global Position System【答案】全球定位系统（7）cruise missile【答案】巡航导弹（8）irrevocable letter of credit【答案】不可撤销信用证（9）critical pressure【答案】临界电压（10）insulating board【答案】绝缘板（11）refugee camp【答案】难民营（12）intellectual property right【答案】知识产权（13）notary public office【答案】公证处（14）financial deficit【答案】财政赤字（15）Reuters【答案】（英国）路透社二、将下列短语译成英语（1）多次入境签证【答案】Multiple entry visa（2）反导弹卫星【答案】Anti missile satellite（3）国际标准化组织【答案】international organization for standardization（4）对外经济贸易委员会【答案】Foreign economy and Trade Committee（5）中国民航【答案】Civil Aviation Administration of China;CAAC（6）臭氧层【答案】ozone layer（7）跳台跳水【答案】platform diving（8）载人宇宙飞船【答案】manned spaceship（9）候机大厅【答案】The lobby of the airport（10）国务院【答案】the Sate Council（11）（美国）联邦储备委员会【答案】Federal Reserve Board（12）联合国儿童基金会【答案】UNICEF（13）物联网【答案】Internet of things（14）核心利益和重大关切【答案】Core interests and major concerns（15）中国远洋运输总公司【答案】China Ocean Shipping Company三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1The Obama administration on Monday plans to announce a campaign topressure mortgage companies to reduce payments for many more troubledhomeowners,as evidence mounts that a$75 billion taxpayer-financed effortaimed at stemming foreclosures is foundering.“The banks are not doing a good enough job，”Michael S.Barr,Treasurysassistant secretary for financial institutions,said in an interview Friday.“Some of the firms ought to be embarrassed,and they will be.”（选自纽约时报）【参考译文】奥巴马政府计划在周一宣布一项给抵押放款公司施压使其减少对更多的陷入困境的私房所有者放贷的运动。因为有证据显示一个由纳税人所缴税供给资金的旨在防止抵押品赎回权丧失的活动正在日益废弛。“银行的工作做得不够好。”财政部金融机构部长助理迈克尔巴尔在周五的一个采访中说。一些公司不应该享受抵押贷款，他们也将面临这样的情形。PASSAGE 2Hundreds of criminal cases fail to make it to court because of paperworkdelays and other problems in the justice system,it has been revealed.According to figures obtained under the Freedom of Information Act,4,000suspects failed to appear before magistrates because the Crown ProsecutionService did not get their files ready in time.But the CPS said the 4,000 represented only a fifth of a per cent of the totalnumber of criminal cases dealt with in the courts.Of the 4,000,almost 100 were thought to be alleged sex attackers and 700cases involved violent attacks,according to the figures,which relate to thepast three years in England and Wales.Magistrates had no option but to reject CPS calls for repeated adjournmentsand throw out the cases when the paperwork did not materklize.（选自英国每日邮报）【参考译文】英国皇家检控署据纰，许多刑事案件没有被开庭审理都是因为没有及时给法庭出据书面报告以及一些其他的司法系统问题。根据在信息自由法案下获得的数据显示，4000名犯罪嫌疑人没有出现在法官面前都是由于英国皇家检控署没有及时提交他们犯罪的书面材料。但是英国皇家检控署称这四千案件只占了法庭刑事犯罪案件的五分之一。根据对英格兰和威尔士过去三年的犯罪情况调查研究数据显示，在这四千刑事案件中，近一百是性攻击案件，七百是暴力案件。法官别无选择，只能否决英国皇家检控署一再的休庭申请，并且否决那些没有书面材料的案件。四、将下列短文译成英语（只翻译划线部分）当微软公司的CEO史蒂夫巴尔默在6月26日向国家计委承诺，微软将在未来3年内向中国软件产业投入6亿元人民币时，几乎没有人相信微软是为了帮助中国软件产业的发展。阴谋，天大的阴谋，踊跃地参与臆断和猜测的外界正在朝着这个结论靠拢。微软此举深意何在?中国政府用什么换来了微软的巨额投资?后一个问题听起来显然要严重得多。一贯行事低调的国家计委没有想到，由于与微软签署的谅解备忘录内容迟迟没有公开，自己竟被这种“阴谋论”逼进了两条死胡同：阴谋的受害者，或者更可怕的是阴谋的参与者。计委的回答显然否定了中国软件产业这些忧心忡忡人士的担忧：整个谅解备忘录中，就只有微软在做出承诺，计委方面根本没有说一个字。但巴尔默那天没有提到，微软在这份谅解备忘录中做出了有史以来最大的让步开放源代码。其让步幅度之大，真正会对此发出惊呼的，更有可能是美国政府。【参考译文】When the CEO of Microsoft,Steve Ballmer,had promised the StateCommittee of Planning on 26th June that Microsoft would invest 6 billionRMB on software industry of China in the following three years,when noone believed that it did this in the interest of the development of softwareindustry of China.More and more newsmen concluded it as a plot,even a sinister plot.What isthe ultimate goal of this action of Microsoft?What is the price China will payfor the huge investments of Microsoft?These are the questions about whichdoubts were raised then.Obviously,the second questioning sounded muchmore serious then.The following responses of the State Committee of Planning to thequestioning obviously unjustified the worries of the anxiety-ridden figures inthe software industry of China:in the memorandum of understanding,thereare only promises from Microsoft,none from the side of the State Committeeof Planning.But Ballmer didnt mention it that day that Microsoft has made theunprecedentedly biggest concession in this memorandum of understandingOpen Source Code.2011年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（1）E-government【答案】电子政务（2）UNPROFOR【答案】联合国保护部队（United Nations Protection Force）（3）mortgage loan【答案】抵押贷款（4）export of labor services【答案】劳务输出（5）TQM（total quality management）【答案】全面质量管理（6）conservation-conscious society【答案】节约型社会（7）Adjective product【答案】副产品（8）modem distance education【答案】现代远程教育（9）LED（Light Emitting Diode）【答案】发光二极管（10）real estate development【答案】房地产开发（11）bankers draft【答案】汇票支付（12）American Academy of Advertising【答案】美国广告学会（13）Animal By-Products【答案】畜产制品（14）FTP【答案】文件传输协议（15）peace process【答案】和平进程二、将下列短语译成英语（1）三个代表【答案】Three Represents（2）菜篮子工程【答案】Non-Staple Food Project（3）带薪假期【答案】paid leave（4）“豆腐渣”工程【答案】jerry-built project（5）股市指数【答案】stock market index（6）期货市场【答案】Futures Market（7）一体化进程【答案】integration process（8）可持续发展【答案】sustainable development（9）安全电子交易协议【答案】secure electronic transaction（10）多媒体短信服务【答案】Multimedia Messaging Service（11）转基因生物【答案】GMOs（genetically modified organisms）（12）亚太商业论坛【答案】APEC business forum（13）商品检验【答案】commodity inspection（14）航空快递【答案】Air Express（15）信息高速公路【答案】Information Superhighway三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1General Motors Co.s recent stock offering was staged to start paying backthe government for its$50 billion bailout,but one group made out muchbetter than the taxpayers or other investors:the companys union.Thanks to a generous share of GM stock obtained in the companys 2009bankruptcy settlement,the United Auto Workers is well on its way torecouping the billions of dollars GM owed it putting it far ahead of taxpayerswho have recouped only about 30 percent of their investment and further stillahead of investors in the old GM who have received nothing.The boon for the union fits the pattern established when the White Housepushed GM into bankruptcy and steered it through the courts in a way thatconsistently put the interests of the union ahead of many suppliers,dealersand investors stakeholders that ordinarily would have fared as well or betterunder the bankruptcy laws.（选自华盛顿邮报）【参考译文】德国通用汽车最近发行的股票是为了偿还500亿美元的政府贷款，但事实证明有一群人比纳税者或者其他投资商都靠谱，那就是通用公司的工会。多亏了通用公司在2009年的破产清算中得到的大比例份额，目前美国汽车工人联盟最好的办法就是收回通用公司欠下的几十亿美元，这远远要比从那些仅仅收回了百分之三十资本的纳税人和原通用公司什么都没得到的投资者手里收款好得多。汽车工人联盟的利益正好符合了白宫方面在通用汽车破产时投入使用的模式，并按照一贯的做法把工会的利益放在了供应商，交易者和股东的前面，通常情况下在破产法的指导下这种方法也可行或者可能实行地更好。PASSAGE 2LONDONThe debt crisis in Europe escalated sharply Friday as investorsdumped Spanish and Portuguese bonds in panicked selling,substantiallyheightening the prospect that one or both countries may need to join troubledIreland and Greece in soliciting international bailouts.The draining confidence in Western Europes weakest economies threatenedto upend bond markets,destabilize the euro and drag out the global economicrecovery if it is not quickly contained.It also underscored the mountingproblems facing countries that during the past decade have both over-borrowed and overspent,and are now in danger of losing investor faith intheir ability to make good on their massive piles of debt.The perceived risk of debt defaults in Portugal and Spain drove theirborrowing costs to near-record highs Friday,with the interest rate demandedon Portuguese bonds at a point where it could effectively cut the Lisbongovernment off from raising fresh cash to run the country.【参考译文】伦敦欧洲债务危机周五时急剧升级，投资者们恐慌心理加重，纷纷抛售西班牙及葡萄牙债券，大幅增加了一个或两个国家可能需要加入陷入困境的爱尔兰和希腊寻求国际援助的可能性。西欧薄弱的经济使得民众信心日渐减少，如若信心持续减少，可能会颠覆债券市场，动摇欧元的稳定，如果不迅速遏制，就会拖累全球经济复苏。这也突显出，在过去10年里，各国面临的问题越来越多，它们都过度举债和过度支出，现在正面临失去投资者对其偿还债务能力的信心的危险。葡萄牙和西班牙的债务违约风险在周五将其借款成本推高至接近纪录高位，葡萄牙债券的利率可能会上升到一个点，令葡萄牙政府无法筹集新资金来管理国家。四、将下列短文译成英语本周四中国最高经济计划机构宣布，自从政府加强对抗通货膨胀的措施，国家商品期货价格已经下降。国家发改委在其网址的声明说，发改委收集的数据表明，自11月11曰以来直到本周三，铜、锌、橡胶、棉花、塑料、大豆油和白糖的平均期货价格下降了10%以上。声明说，此次下降主要是市场对政府一系列抵制通货膨胀措施产生的反应。国家发改委也将此次下降归因于欧洲、美国和日本商品期货市场的不景气以及本国市场获利回吐。国家发改委在本周四发布的另一项网上声明中敦促地方政府，要求它们谨慎对待水、煤气、电力和石油等政府控价商品的价格上涨，进而减轻企业和人们的经济压力。【参考译文】On Thursday,Chinas top economic planning agency announced that sincethe government strengthened measures to combat inflation,the nationalcommodity futures prices have declined.According to the National Development and Reform Commissions statementin its website,the data collected by the NDRC show that the average futuresprice of copper,zinc,rubber,cotton,plastic,soybean oil and sugar fell bymore than 10%since November 11 until Wednesday.The statement said that the decline is mainly the reaction of the market to aseries of measures to resist inflation taken by the government.National Development and Reform Commission also attributed this decline tothe Europe,the United States and Japan commodity futures market downturnand domestic market profit taking.The National Development and Reform Commission released another claimon Thursday to urge local governments to cautiously handle with the raisingprice of government-controlled goods such as water,gas,electricity and oil,thereby reducing the economic pressure on businesses and people.2012年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（1）CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数（consumer price index）（2）UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（3）diastolic pressure【答案】舒张压（4）financial crisis【答案】金融危机（5）fiscal policy【答案】财政政策（6）carbon dioxide【答案】二氧化碳（7）suspended particles【答案】悬浮颗粒物（8）APEC Summit【答案】亚太峰会（9）unmanned space module【答案】无人空间模块（10）space docking【答案】空间对接（11）OTC【答案】非处方药（12）refugee camp【答案】难民营（13）FTP【答案】文件传输协议（14）real estate development【答案】房地产开发（15）magnetic levitated train【答案】磁悬浮列车二、将下列短语译成英语（1）物联网【答案】Internet of Things（2）自媒体【答案】We-Media（3）版权【答案】copyright（4）云计算【答案】Cloud Computing（5）航空母舰【答案】aircraft carrier（6）赤道【答案】equator（7）战俘【答案】prisoner of war（POW）（8）核潜艇【答案】nuclear submarine（9）太阳能热水器【答案】Solar Water Heater（10）淡水湖【答案】Freshwater Lake（11）排水系统【答案】Drainage System（12）暗物质【答案】Dark Matter（13）国际标准化组织【答案】International Organization for Standardization（14）转基因生物【答案】GMOs(genetically modified organisms)（15）多媒体短信服务【答案】Multimedia Messaging Service三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1The other evening at a dancing club a young man in a gray suit,soft shirt,loosely tied scarf,shook his tousled yellow hair engagingly,introduced me toa beautiful lady with whom he was dancing and sat down.They were Mr.andMrs.F.Scott Fitzgerald,and Scott seems to have changed not one whit fromthe first time I met him at Princeton,when he was an eager undergraduatebent upon becoming a great author.He is still eager.He is still bent uponbecoming a great author.He is at work now on a novel which his wifeassures me is far better than either This Side of Paradise or The Beautiful andDamned,but like most of our younger novelists he finds it imperative toproduce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around.ThatThe Vegetable，his play,did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems tohave disappointed rather than discouraged him.【参考译文】那天晚上，在一个跳舞俱乐部里，一个年轻人把我介绍给了一位和他正在跳舞的漂亮女士，他穿着灰色西装和柔软的衬衫，围着宽松的围巾，把蓬乱的黄色头发摇得很有魅力，然后我们坐下了。他们是斯科特菲茨杰拉德夫妇。斯科特和我在普林斯顿大学第一次见到他时一样，没有发生一丁点变化。当时他是一个渴望成为伟大作家的大学生。他现在仍渴望，仍决心要成为一名伟大的作家。他现在正在写一部小说，他的妻子向我保证，它比人间天堂或美丽与毁灭都要好很多。但就像我们大多数年轻的小说家一样，他发现有必要写一些短篇小说来引起人们的注意。他的戏剧植物人没有在曼哈顿上映似乎让他很失望而不是气馁。PASSAGE 2Not all painters are precocious(早熟)，but Picasso was.In a technical way,he was as much a prodigy as Mozart,and his precocity seems to have fixedhis peculiar sense of vocation.He was the son of a painter and by 13 he wasso good at drawing that his father is said to have handed over his own brushesand paints to the boy and given up painting.If the story is true,it explains tosome extent the mediumistic confidence with which Picasso worked.“Painting is stronger than I am,”he once remarked.“It makes me do what itwants.”If one were told that Science and Charity had been done by a 30-year-old Spanish scholar,one would have predicted a competent future forthe man.Once one realizes that it was painted by a boy not yet 16,the skillseems ominously significant,like a visitation-and that is the generalimpression conveyed by Picassos earliest work.【参考译文】并不是所有的画家都早熟，但毕加索是。从技术上来说，他和莫扎特一样是个天才，而他的早熟似乎也奠定了他独特的职业认识。他是一个画家的儿子，到13岁的时候，他画得很好，据说他的父亲把画笔和颜料交给了他然后放弃了绘画。如果这个故事是真的，那就在某种意义上解释了毕加索的通灵的信心。“绘画比我强，”他曾说，“它让我做它想做的事”。如果有人被告知科学和慈善是由一位30岁的西班牙学者完成的，那么人们就会预测他会有一个有前途的未来。一旦有人意识到这幅画是由一个还没有16岁的男孩画的，技巧就不像显灵的说法那么重要了，而这就是毕加索早期作品所传达的一般印象。四、将下列短文译成英语科学研究已经提供了明确的证据，北极海冰正在以超过预期的速度消失。即将在哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化框架公约会议为我们提供了动员国际社会共同应对这一全球挑战的机会。在奥巴马总统和克林顿国务卿领导下，美国正在和世界各地的伙伴们寻求共同点，一道抵御未来不可逆转的破坏性变化。我们认识到，美国必须引领全球对抗气候变化的努力。作为有史以来最大的温室气体排放国，我们理应承担责任。我们知道，如果美国不减排，任何气候变化解决方案均无从谈起。因此，我们深信美国能够而且愿意在建设21世纪的清洁能源经济方面发挥领导作用。但是，仅仅依靠美国和其他发达国家采取行动远远不够，未来增长的排放量中有80%来自发展中国家。【参考译文】Scientific research has provided clear evidence that arctic sea ice isdisappearing at a faster rate than expected.The opening of the United Nations framework convention conference onclimate change in Copenhagen provides us an opportunity to mobilize theinternational community to jointly cope with the global challenges.Led byPresident Obama and secretary of state Hillary Clinton,the USA is seekingcommon ground with friends from all over the world to resist irreversibledestructive changes together in the future.We recognize that the United States must lead the global efforts to combatclimate change.As the largest emitters of greenhouse gases,we should bearthe responsibility.We know that if the United States does not reduceemissions,any solution to climate change would not work.Therefore,westrongly believe that the United States can and are willing to play a leadingrole in the construction of a clean energy economy in the 21st century.But it is far from enough to rely on the United States and other developedcountries,with 80 percent of future growth emissions from developingcountries.