英语时态讲义省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Explanation of English TensesWang Zhenghao Teachers Training Center of Chengguan District第1页1.Do you know how many kinds of tenses in English?Perhaps you can say it in Chinese?2.What are they?1.普通现在时态 主语+be 或主语+do/does2.普通过去时态 主语+ved+其它3.现在进行时态 主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing 4.普通未来时态 主语+will/be going to+v5.现在完成时态 主语+have/has+过去分词6.过去完成时态 主语+had+过去分词7.普通过去进行时态 主语+was/were+v-ing8.未来进行时 主语+should/would be doing9.未来完成时 主语+shall/will have+过去分词第2页10.普通过去未来时。主语+would/should+v 主语+was/were going to do 11.过去未来进行时。主语+should/would be v-ing12.过去未来完成时。主语+should/would have done sth13.现在完成进行时。主语+have/has been v-ing14.过去完成进行时。主语+had been v-ing15.未来完成进行时。主语+shall/will have been v-ing16.过去未来完成进行时。主语+should+have been+v-ing (用语第一人称）主语+would+have been+v-ing (用语其它人称）第3页1.普通现在时态 2.普通过去时态 3.现在进行时态4.普通未来时态5.现在完成时态 6.过去完成时态 7.过去进行时态8.未来进行时9.未来完成时 The simple present tense or the present tenseThe past tenseThe present continuous tenseThe simple future tenseThe present perfect tenseThe past perfect tenseThe past continuous tenseThe future continuous tenseThe future perfect tense第4页10.普通过去未来时11.过去未来进行时 12.过去未来完成时13.现在完成进行时14.过去完成进行时15.未来完成进行时 16.过去未来完成进行时The past future tenseThe past future continuous tenseThe past future perfect tenseThe present perfect continuous tenseThe past perfect continuous tenseThe future perfect continuous tenseThe past future perfect continuous tense第5页The usage and concept of all kinds of tensesv表示现在经常性、习惯性动作或状态。常与一下表示频率时间状语连用。always,often,usually,sometimes,every week(day,year,month,morning等)。v表示主语现在状态、能力、兴趣、职业、性格。v His mother is a doctor.v表示客观真理、科学真理、自然界普片现象或众人所知客观事实。v The moon goes around the earth.v表示格言或警句。v All men die.v在when,as soon as,before,while,so(as)long as等引导时间以及if,in case,even if，unless等引导条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示未来动作。v其它。One.The Simple Present Tense第6页The form of the simple present tenseBe动词I+am.主语是第二人称和复数+are主语是第三人称单数+is实意动词主语（第一、二人称及复数）+V(原型）主语是第三人称单数+V-sV-esV-ieshavehave第三人称单数为第三人称单数为hashas第7页1.He often _(go)to school on foot.2.His character _(be)like his father.3.I will tell you when he _(come)back.4.Good begun _(be)half done.5.Bitter pills _(have)wholesome effects.6.As the old saying _(go).7.Light _(travel)faster than sound.8.Here _(come)the bus.9.There _(go)the bell.10.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,well go to have a picnic.goesiscomesishavegoestravelscomesgoes doesnt rain第8页表示说话人说话瞬间正在进行或发生动作。常与now,look,listen等次连用。表示当前一段时间正在进行或发生动作，不一定是说话瞬间。常与at present(当前）,at these days（最近）,this week(本周）等。1.Look!A train is coming.2.Listen!He is playing the guitar.3.What lessons are you studying this week?4.What are you doing these days?Two.The Present Continuous Tense主语主语+be(am,is,are)+V-ing第9页The changing rules of the present participle1.普通直接在动词后加 ing.play-playing2.以不发音字母e结尾，去e再加 ecoming bebeing,fleefleeing,dyedyeing,shoe-shoeing 3.动词词尾为ie时，将ie变为y，再加ing.diedying,lielying,tie-tying4.动词以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写后再加ing第10页 表示过去发生动作或存在状态。常与表示过去时间状语连用。如：yesterday,the day before yesterday,last(week,night,month,year,season.)，ago，in+过去时间，in those days,at that moment等 表示过去经常、习惯性动作、存在状态或行为。表示已故人所作事情，也表示主语过去所含有性格、能力等。1.He usually _(go)swimming when he was a young boy.2.The late writer _(write)a lot of funny stories for kids.Three.The Simple Past Tensewentwrote第11页普通未来时:表示未来某个时间将要发生动作或存在状态，也表示未来经常或重复发生动作，常与tomorrow,next,the day after tomorrow,in+时间段，in the future,from now on等表示未来时间状语连用。表示移动性瞬间动词用于进行时表示未来。类似动词有go,leave,start,begin，come等。在时间或条件状语从句中，假如主句用普通未来时态，则从句用普通现在时态表示未来。Four.The Simple Future Tense第12页表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生动作。at ten yesterday morning,at this time yesterday,from seven to nine last night,等时间状语以及while,when引导时间状语连用。1.I was reading a book when the bell rang.2.I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.3.At this time yesterday,he was playing football.Five.The Past Continuous Tense第13页现在完成时表示过去发生动作对现在造成影响或结果。在表示这种意义时，句中动词通常是“瞬间动词”。（惯用时间副词有：already，yet，just，ever，never，before等，其中already，just，ever，never等惯用于助动词have/has后；yet，before等用于句末，且yet用于否定句和疑问句中。）1.Theyve already won a game.2.Have you got the plan ready yet?-No,not yet.3.I have just got a letter.4.Have you ever seen each other before?Six.The Present Perfect Tense第14页现在完成时表示过去已经发生动作或存在状态延续到现在,有可能还将继续连续下去。在表示这种意义时，句中动词通常是“延续性动词”，一些“瞬间动词”惯用相对应“延续性动词”来代替，常见有：buyhave,borrowkeep,comebe here,diebe dead等。（句中时间常由for或since引导。）come-be,go out-be out,leave-be away(from),begin-be on,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-be a member/die-be dead,become-be,open(v.)-be open 等。I have studied English for three years.She has had the book for two months.He has made some friends since he came to China.第15页 过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成动作、事情。它表示是发生在“过去过去”动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时候才会使用过去完成时。与by,before,by the end of引导表示过去时间状语连用。在过去不一样时间发生两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用普通过去时。for example：When I returned home,my guest had already left.惯用于told,said,knew,heard,thought,ask等动词后宾语从句。for example：She said(that)she had never been to Paris.He asked what I had said.Seven.The Past Perfect Tense 第16页过去未来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生动作或存在状态。即:过去未来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”一个时态,惯用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态依据是:要有表示过去“动作”,而不是时间。1.They were sure they would win the game.2.He said he was going to try.Eight.The Past Future Tense第17页时态及其组成普通时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/doesam/is/are+doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去didwas/were+doinghad donehad been doing未来shall/will+doshall/will be+doingshall/will have doneshall/will have been doing 过去 未来should/would+doshall/will be+doingshould/would have doneshould/would have been doing第18页 未来进行时表示在未来某个时间正在发生动作，at this time.九、未来进行时九、未来进行时第19页 表示从未来某一时间开始、延续到另一个未来时间动作或状态，或是发生在某个未来时间，但对其后另一个未来时间有影响动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴未来时时段一样。其使用方法从和过去及现在相关，变成了和未来及未来未来相关.They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.十、未来完成时第20页 过去未来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言,未来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行动作,主要用 宾语从句 中,尤其多用于间接引语中。They said they would be coming.十一、过去未来进行时十一、过去未来进行时第21页过去未来进行时能够表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行动作。He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。过去未来进行时表示在过去未来某一时间正在发生动作。它常和表过去未来时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和未来进行时一样，它也常表计划中事，不表意愿或打 算。它还有一个特点，即惯用在宾语从句（尤其是间接引语）中。John told us that Mary would be coming next day.约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。第22页过去未来完成时表示在过去某一时间对未来某一时刻以前所会发生动作。过去未来完成时还惯用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。十二、过去未来完成时十二、过去未来完成时第23页现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能连续下去。现在完成进行时所用时间状语：this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段。We have been waiting for him for two hours.我们等他等了两个小时。十三、现在完成进行时十三、现在完成进行时第24页表示在过去比某个时间更早某一段时间内一直在进行动作，并对过去某一时刻产生结果和影响；到过去某一时刻为止，该动作可能已经不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要依据上下文内容来判断。句子中常含有all+表示时间词，如all day/morning等。如：It had been raining heavily for two days.大雨一直下了两天。十四、过去完成进行时十四、过去完成进行时第25页 未来完成进行时用来表示在未来某一时间以前已经完成或一直连续动作。经常与before+未来时间或by+未来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导现在时从句连用。十五、未来完成进行时十五、未来完成进行时第26页过去未来完成进行时表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行动作。He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.十六、过去未来完成进行时十六、过去未来完成进行时第27页第28页