英语语音知识省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语语音基本知识英语语音基本知识第1页1.关于语音几个概念关于语音几个概念1)字母：语言书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词语音形式。3)音素：音最小单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音组成发音单位。apple,student,teacher,understand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音;口腔中气流不收妨碍;是组成音节主要音。英语中有20元音。第2页6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音;口腔中气流受到妨碍;不是组成音节主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike;b)辅音+元音 he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音尤其响亮音节。第3页2.元音：元音：1)i:sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)i sit,build,miss,myth3)e bed,desk,head,4)bad,land,bank,stamp5)a:car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt6)hot,want7):door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught8)u:good,who第4页 9)u look,put,women,could10)cup,come,blood,rough11):girl,work,serve,nurse12)cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday13)ei cake,they,play,eight,great,14)ai bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye15)u phone,cold,boat,soul,grow16)au house,town17)i boy,oil18)i dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,19)pear,care,there,fair20)u tour,poor第5页3.轻易混同元音1)e bed bad;men,man;pen,pan;lend land2)i:ei real rail;greet,great;mean,main;read raid3)e ai bet bite;red write;said side,head,hide4)au:house horse;loud lord;south sauce;now nor;count corn;cloud clause5)au found fond;gown gone;down don第6页4.辅音1)p pen,2)b bed,comb3)t tell,4)d,day,played,wanted5)k cold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box6)g big,go,guess,language7)m man8)n nine,knife,autumn9)bank,uncle,English,sing,10)l land,第7页11)r read,write,12)f five,cough,laugh13)v voice,of14)think,15)this,bathe16)s sit,miss,science,case,scarf17)z zoo,close,18)sure,she,social,nation19)/pleasure,20)h hot,who,hour第8页21)w wall,what,answer22)j yes23)t child,teach24)d/joke,bridge,25)ts boats26)dz goods27)tr tree28)dr dream第9页5.轻易混同辅音1)v w vet wet;vest west;vine wine;very well2)s sink think;sort thought;miss myth;mass math3)z closing clothing;breeze breathe;bays bathes4)n thin thing;sin sing;ban bang win wing;ran rang第10页6.读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音例句)2)非重读音节 banana,student,today,after,i orange,secret第11页7.特殊读音1)音连读：not at all,half an hour,I love you and all.after all2)失去爆破：good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme3)音同化：this year,Would you do it?Cant you see it?第12页8.重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)普通在第一个音节重读。letter,sorryb)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀词，第二个音节是重音。about,believeaddress,decide,report,condemn,respect,compare,inform,discuss,impress,mistake,enforce,prepare,employ,permit,escape,produce,exclaim,translate第13页c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀重音与词义和词类相关,普通名词重音在第一个音节上，其它词性在第二个音节上。record,record;insult,insult;conduct,conduct;present present;content,contentd)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等词，有两个重音。outside,retell,well-known,unreal,fifteen,Chinese,pre-war,post-war第14页B)多音节词a)普通倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult,communist,family,economy,opportunity,democracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根重音读音。carefully,indefinite,comfortable,conductor,according,disturbance,complicated,establishment,c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀词，重音在这些后缀前一个音节上。courteous,calligraphy,editorial,historian,periodic,mathematics,experience,sufficient,identify,translation,religious,curiosity,protectived)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain,employee,mountaineer,Japanese,cigarette第15页2)句子重音A)英语节奏：(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重B)英语句子长短：是C)实词重读(副词重读)，虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D)实词不重读特殊情况a)实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station.第16页c)代替词Which book do you want?The small one.d)感叹词中 what 和howWhat a good day it is!How beautiful she is!e)street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it?Yes,I do.Are you a doctor?Yes,I am.Can you help me?Yes,I can.I dont like you.He isnt a worker.第17页b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和必定时。They may come this evening.Can it be five already?He must be in the room.c)介词在句首和句尾。In the box,he found a letter.He is the person I talked with.d)引导复合句连词在句首。If you wish,Ill visit you.When he comes,Ill tell him.e)反身代词表示强调。He couldnt come himself.第18页Thank you!Goodbye!第19页