北京师范大学心理学部《765心理学基础综合》历年考研真题汇编（含答案）.pdf

目录2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共180分）1Psychology is considered as a science because it_.Auses technology conduct researchBhas generated a series of proven theoriesCconducts laboratory and basic research studiesDuses a set of rules to gather and analyze information2Suppose you were listening to a high-frequency tone.According to theplace theory of pitch perception_.Athe entire basilar membrane will vibrate very quicklyBthe rate at which neurons fire codes the pitch,so neurons will be firingrapidlyCmovement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the end of thecochlea（farthest away from the oval and round windows）Dmovement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the base of thecochlea（closest to the oval and round windows）3The strongest form of the filter theory of attention was challenged when itwas discovered that some listeners in dichotic listening task were_.Aunable to shadow personally relevant materialBrecalling things that should have been ignoredChaving trouble hearing their own nameDtotally filtering all ignored material4Originally it takes a chemistry student 10 hours to learn to construct theperiodic table of elements from memory.Just before her final exam it takesher 2 hours to relearn the table.Using the method that Ebbinghaus typicallyused to score memory performance,her_.Aloss score was 20 percentBtotal study time was 12 hoursCsaving score was 80 percentDrecall quotient was 55Since they began watching the news nightly on television,a couple hasdeveloped a fear of flying.They are convinced that many more people die inplane crashes than in automobile accidents.Their belief are most consistentwith watch would be predicted by_.Athe representativeness heuristicBanchoring biasCthe availability heuristicDfunctional fixendness6A member of the audience attending a lecture on the relationship betweenlanguage and thought given by Edward Sapir and Benjamin lee Whorf wouldmost likely hear them express the hypothesis that_.Adifferences in language create differences in thoughtBlanguage and thought are not relatedClanguage processes are primarily learned,while thought processes areprimarily inbornDeach member of a language community thinks very differently fromevery other member of that same community7A student believes that in order for him to do better in the next forEconomisc he will have study harder,he is makinga（n）_attribution.Astable internalBstable externalCunstable internalDunstable external8With respect to the role of cognitive appraisal in emotional experience.Itis probably most reasonable to conclude that_.Athe research evidence shows that cognitive appraisal is not a validphenomenonBcognitive appraisal is an important process,but not the only oneCpeople first respond in stinctively,the search for cognitive explanationsDcognitive appraisal is of least valve in explaining responses to ambiguousor novel situations9In his triarchic theory Robert Sternberg does notspecify_intelligence.AcomponentialBcontexualCexperientialDconversational10Type and trait theories of personality has been criticized becausethey_.Ado not allow researchers to give concise descriptions of different peoplespersonalitiesBdo not identify characteristics that are correlated with behaviorCdo not generally explain how personality developsDemphasize conflicting forces within the individual11Researchers use buffer item to control problems due to_.Awillingness to answerBcontext effectsCposition preferenceDsocial desirability12How do quasi-experiments compare with laboratory experiments?AQuasi-experiments achieve less realism.BQuasi-experiments achieve lower internal validity.CBoth designs achieve comparable internal validity.DQuasi-experiments achieve higher internal validity.13When an experiment produces null results_.Ait shows that the dependent variable had no effect on the independentvariableBit show that the independent variable manipulation produced a change inthe dependent variableCit is possible that the effect of the independent variable occurred bychanceDit is possible that the experimenter did not valid manipulation of theindependent variable14Between subject designs are often used in research on complexcognitive processes because_.Athey prevent the occurrence of carryover effectsBthey reduce the variability of observationsCthey require fewer participants compared to within-subject designsDthey increase our confidence in the reliability of the results15A testable hypothesis_.Aspecifics how two or more variables are relatedBcan be developed for variables that cannot be directly observed ormanipulatedCwill tend to be supported by the obtained dataDlacks measurable dependent variables16In a completely counter-balanced experimental design_.Aeach subject receives each treatment in the same orderBeach subject group receives a different treatmentCthe order of treatments is randomizedDall possible treatment orders are used17To which part or parts of neuron does the all or none lawapply_.AaxonsBboth axons and dendritesCdendritesDcell body18What will affect the speed of an action potential?AThe strength of stimulus.BThe length of the axon.CThe resistances of the membrane.DThe time since the last action potential.19Gary matter in the brain and spinal cord is mainly composed of whatstructures?AGanglia.BMyelinated axons.CUnmyelinated axons.DCell bodies and dendrites.20Which of the following factions is important for neurons?ALogic game.BHaving good teacher.CSterile environment.DPhysical outliving.21What is one way to determine whether a given cell in primary visualcortex is“simple”or“complex”?AThe shape of its receptive field.BWhether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location.CWhether its receptive field is monocular or binocular.DWhether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus.22EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because_.Aneurons are becoming more desynchronizedBthe EEG measures muscle tension,which also deceaseCneurons are becoming more synchronizedDblood flow is increasing23A peculiarity of the memory of the neurological patient H.M.was thathe was able to_.Afind his way to a new residentBremember peoples names but not which name went with which personCretain skills but not remember having learned themDform new long-memories but not short-term memories24Someone suffering from Wernickes aphasia has difficulty_.Areading aloudBunderstanding speechCusing prepositions and conjunctionsDarticulating speech25Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic ofschizophrenia?ADeterioration of everyday functioning.BDelusions.CAlternation between one personality and another.DImpaired understanding of abstract concepts.26A distribution which has a predominance of scores at the lower values ofthe distribution and which tails off at higher end is_.Apositively skewedBnegatively skewedCnormally distributedDsymmetrical27The mean number of students in a classroom at a school is 32.5 andthere are 25 classroom.The mean number of students at school B is 29.6 in12 classrooms.At school C the mean in each class is 15.3 for 10 classrooms.What is the mean number of students per classroom for all the schoolscombined?A1320.7B28.1C25.7D28.728If two variables are ratio scaled and the relationship is linear,what typeof correction coefficient is most appropriate?APearsonBSpearmanCETADPHI29If we set alpha at 0.05 instead of 0.01,with other factors held constant,_.Awe have a greater risk of a Type I errorBwe have a greater risk of a Type II errorCwe have a lower risk of a Type II errorDA and C30Which of the following may be false?Aalphabeta1Bpowerbeta1C1-powerbetaD1-betapower31Assuming that the population mean is 47.2 and the population deviationis 6.4,what is the Zobt value for a sample mean of 52.1 if N8?A1.96B2.17C1.73D0.7732A key difference between the terms“psychological testing and“psychological assessment”is that“psychological testing”refers to a processthat_.Ainvolves more problem-solving than psychological assessmentBis more technician-like than psychological assessmentCwas first described by Maloney and Ward in the mid-1970sDis much broader in scope than psychological assessment33The term“portfolio assessment”encompasses_.Acase study assessmentBwork sample assessmentCbehavioral assessmentDall of the above34Test scores are frequently expressed as numbers and statistical tools arefrequently used to_.Adescribe test scoresBmark inferences form test scoresCdraw conclusions about test scoresDall of the above35A type of scale with a true zero point is_.Aan IQ scaleBan ordinal scaleCan interest scaleDa ratio scale36From which type of test administered to members of the generalpopulation would you LEAST expect the resulting data to be distributednormally?AA test to measure the strength of ones hand grip.BA test to measure strength intelligence and fund of knowledge.CA test to measure knowledge of psychometric principles.DA test to measure self-esteem.37In its plural form,“norms”is a term used in psychometrics to refer to thetest performance data of_.Apeople tested at a different time than another group of test takersBtest takes who constitute a control group in an experimentCa particular group of test takers to be used for comparisonDa sample of people with no prior training in the tested area38In the language of psychometrics,reliability refers primarilyto_.Aexpertise in measurementBdependability in measurementCspeed of measurementDconsistency in measurement39In the context of psychometrics error refers to the component of theobserved score on an ability test that_.Adoes not have to with the ability being measuredBwas distorted as a result of examiner errorCmay have been measured inaccurately for whatever reasonDwas administered solely for experimental reasons40Coefficient alpha is conceptually_.Athe variance of all possible sources of error varianceBthe mean of all possible split-half correlationsCthe standard deviation of all possible sources of variationDthe estimate of inter-scorer reliability that is most robust41Which is NOT a traditional component of the so-called Trinitarian viewof validit?AFace validity.BContent validity.CCriterion-related validity.DConstruct validity.42Which is most useful in determining whether different items on a testare measuring the same thing?ACo-validation.BCross-validation.CFactor analysis.DTest tryout.43Which served as the basis for the Myers-Briggs Type indicator?AThe typology of John Holland.BThe typology of Carl Jung.CThe typology of Ray Roseman.DThe typology of Hippocrates.44Which is NOT a response style?ASemantic differential.BSocially desirable responding.COverly positive.DAcquiescence.45Its the degree to which an additional predictor explains somethingabout the criterion measure not explained by predictors already in use.Itis_.Aconcurrent validityBincremental validityCcontent validityDconstruct validity46An item characteristic curve is a graphic representation of_.Atest-taker responses to correct versus distracter alternativesBcharacteristics of performance on orally administered versus paper-and-pencil testsCcharacteristics of performance on written versus computer-administeredtestsDtest-taker ability plotted by probability of correct response47Item sampling is a source of error variance within the contextof_.Atest constructionBtest administrationCtest scoringDall of the above48Nate received clothing as a gift from his grandmother,while internallyhe was disappointed,externally he smiled,thanked his grandmother and said“I really like shirts with dinosaurs!”What set of emotional rules has Natelearned?AEmotional display rules.BEmotional exhibition code.CSocial emotional code.DSocial rules.49Jason is a 17-year-old who says“My parents are Republicans and so Ima Republican;its just the way I grew up.”What identity status is heillustrating?AIdentity achievement.BIdentity foreclosure.CIdentity diffusion.DIdentity moratorium.50Mia prefers to play with Barbie dolls and pretend to be a princess,ratherthan play with cars.She is displaying_.Aa gender-role stereotypingBsex-role stereotypingCa gender-typed pattern of behaviorDgender preference51Lisbeths mother said,“You bit your friend Shana.You made her crybecause that hurts her body.”What is Lisbeths mother engaging in?ACompassion explanation.BPro-social moral reasoning.CAffective explanation.DSympathetic emotional arousal.52Baumrind found that_parenting style was associated withadolescents who had poor self-control and engaged in drug use.AauthoritarianBuninvolvedCauthoritativeDpermissive53Research data in a child study determines that Emma is a child whoreceived many nominations as a liked and many as a disliked individual.Emma would be classified as a（n）_.Aneglected childBcontroversial childCdivisive childDaverage-status child54Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent changein an individuals knowledge or behavior.Which one of the following doesqualify as learning?AChanges caused by growing taller.BChanges resulting from illness.CChanges brought by experience.DChanges resulting from drugs.55Which one of the following is negative reinforcement?AReward such as gaining high grades.BPunishment such as staying after school.CPunishment such as no TV for a week.DEscape such as excused from chores.56Cognitive view of learning views learning as an active mental process ofacquiring,remembering and using knowledge.Which of the following isTRUE about cognitive view of learning?ABelieve reinforcement strengthens response.BView learning as extending and transforming the understanding wealready have.CAssumptions about the new behaviors themselves learned.DView learning as writing associations on the blank slates of our brains.57Which of the following stages is NOT one of the development of anautomated skill?ACognitive.BAssociative.CAutonomous.DPractice.58Which one of the following is the best for attaining knowledge retentionand transfer?AReading text passages.BAttending lectures.CParticipating in class discussions.DConcept mapping activities.59Critical thinking skills are useful in almost every life situation.Whichone of the following critical thinking skills is about judging informationrelated to the problem?AIdentify central issues or problems.BCompare similarities and difference.CFormulate appropriate questions.DDistinguish among fact,opinion,and reasoned judgment.60Which of the following is NOT true about deep learning?ALearners relate new ideas and concepts to previous knowledge andexperience.BLearners integrate their knowledge into interrelated conceptual systems.CLearners have difficulty making sense of new ideas that are differentfrom what they encountered in the textbook.DLearns reflect on their own understanding and their own process oflearning.61Which one of the following elements is NOT one which defines truecooperative learning?AFace-to-face interaction.BCompetition.CIndividual