北京科技大学外国语学院《618基础英语》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2004年北京科技大学318基础英语考研真题及详解2005年北京科技大学318基础英语考研真题及详解2006年北京科技大学318基础英语考研真题及详解2007年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2008年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2009年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2010年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2011年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2012年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2013年北京科技大学618基础英语考研真题及详解2004年北京科技大学318基础英语考研真题及详解Part Vocabulary（25 minutes,25 points）Section ADirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part.For eachsentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE thatbest completes the sentence.1.We had no computer backup and had to rely on old paper files to_ the records we lost.A.remedyB.reconditionC.reconstructD.registerC【答案】句意：我们没有电脑备份，只得靠落后的纸档案重做记录。reconstruct（根据证据或想象）重现，重建。remedy治疗，补救，矫正。recondition修理，修复。register登记，注册。【解析】2.The accident happened as a result of years of _ on the part of thesafety regulators.A.indifferenceB.incuriosityC.consistenceD.lonelinessA【答案】句意：事故的发生是安全调节器年久失修的结果。indifference不关心，不在意。incuriosity不关心，强调缺乏理性的探询和本能的好奇心，常与of连用。consistence坚固性；连贯。loneliness孤独，寂寞。【解析】3.Mr.Hill is a pianist who is able to _ the difficult passage work inthe sonata with ease and brilliance.A.implementB.conductC.accomplishD.accommodateC【答案】句意：希尔先生是一位钢琴家，他能够轻松自如地完成奏鸣曲中很难演奏的部分。accomplish完成，达到，实现。implement贯彻，执行。conduct引导，管理，指挥。accommodate使适应，调节，容纳。【解析】4.We had a lot of good applicants for the job,but Thomas Taylor _from the rest by having a degree in marketing.A.singled outB.checked outC.stood apartD.stood outD【答案】句意：我们有很多优秀的求职者，但托马斯泰勒拥有市场营销方面的学位，因此脱颖而出。stand out突出，出色。single out挑选。check out付账后离开；检验；合格。stand apart离开；远离。【解析】5.Total investments for this year reached$56 million,and to put thisinto _,investments this year will double those made in 1997.A.sightB.perspectiveC.visionD.horizonB【答案】句意：今年的总投资达到了5600万美元，并且客观地来说，今年的投资将是1997年的两倍。put sth.into perspective客观地看待；对展望。【解析】6.Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesnt providemuch _ stimulation.A.intellectualB.rationalC.discerningD.perspectiveA【答案】句意：整天在家照看婴儿是件好事，但它并不能激发太多智力。intellectual stimulation智力激发。rational理性的，合理的。discerning有辨识能力的。perspective远景；观点。【解析】7.Mr.MaCrea advances a theory to _ some of the difficultiesconnected with the process of the aggregation of matter in the universe.A.exemplifyB.explain awayC.reason outD.exploreC【答案】句意：MaCrea先生提出的理论把宇宙中与物质的集合过程相关的一些难点弄明白了。reason out弄明白，推论出。exemplify示范，举例。explain away（把过失、怀疑等）搪塞，巧辩过去。explore探索，研究。【解析】8.Alex has bad troubles studying for the final examination because hehas been too _ with the happy thoughts of matter of his winter vacation.A.preoccupiedB.absorbedC.engrossedD.concentratedA【答案】句意：亚历克斯期末考试复习不进去，因为他对寒假计划太上心了。preoccupied全神贯注的，常与介词with连用。absorbed全神贯注的，一心一意的，常与介词in连用。engrossed全神贯注的，热心于，常与介词in连用。concentrated集中的，常与介词on连用。【解析】9.Anxiety was shown to increase_ with the decrease in successrate.A.reversiblyB.systematicallyC.deliberatelyD.proportionatelyD【答案】句意：忧虑的增加能相应地降低成功的几率。proportionately相称地，成比例地。reversibly可逆地。systematically系统地。deliberately故意地。【解析】10.John doesnt understand true friendship;he never does anything foranyone unless he thinks the other person will_.A.reciprocateB.emergeC.dissipateD.yieldA【答案】句意：约翰不懂得什么是真正的友谊；他从不为任何人做任何事，除非他认为别人会报答他。reciprocate互给，报答。emerge显现，浮现。dissipate驱散，消散。yield生产，产出，屈服。【解析】Section BDirections:Fill in each of the blanks with one of the two words given inthe brackets at the end of each sentence.11.On the basis of recent opinion polls,commentators are _ anarrow win for the Democrats.（forecasting/foreseeing）forecasting【答案】句意：在最近的民意调查的基础上，评论家们预测民主党将会获得险胜。两个词都有“预言，预测”的意思：forecast指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。foresee着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。这里预测的是选举结果，forecast更加合适。【解析】12.Thompson _ under questioning that he was in the service of aforeign power,but denied that he was guilty of espionage.（acknowledged/admitted）acknowledged【答案】句意：汤普森在接受质询时承认，他是在为外国势力服务，但他否认自己犯有间谍罪。acknowledge指“公开承认”，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事。admit通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性，含“不情愿”之意。这里指在受盘问的情况下承认事情，acknowledge更加合适。【解析】13.After the president resigned,the vice president was the _ headof the firm.（real/virtual）virtual【答案】句意：总统辞职后，副总裁是公司的实际负责人。virtual意为“实质上的，实际上的”。real强调人或事物真实的存在，而不是想象的或虚构的。【解析】14.That was the famous speech in which the president _ thatslavery was done away with nationwide.（proclaimed/exclaimed）proclaimed【答案】句意：那就是那场著名的演讲，在演讲中总统宣称奴隶制在全国范围内被废除了。proclaim宣布，声明。exclaim呼喊，惊叫。【解析】15.The book by Professor Robinson has _ an awakening of thenations conscience to the problems of wildlife conservation.（completed/achieved）achieved【答案】句意：罗宾逊教授的这本书使全国人民意识到了野生动物保护问题。achieve指经过努力最终达到预期的目标。complete指全部完成。【解析】16.Mr.Harrison says its the best musical equipment you can buy but Ithink thats open to _.（contradiction/dispute）dispute【答案】句意：哈里森先生说，这是你能买到的最好的音乐设备，但我认为这是有争议的。be open to dispute有待于商榷；有争议。contradiction反驳，矛盾。【解析】17.It was _ that she was at the scene of the crime,but she assertedthat she was out of town at the time.（affirmed/alleged）alleged【答案】句意：据说，她当时在犯罪现场，但她坚称自己当时不在城里。allege多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。It wasalleged that.据说。affirm侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度【解析】18.In view of the current situations,I would be grateful if you wouldgive _ to the following problems.（speculation/consideration）consideration【答案】句意：鉴于目前的情况，如果你考虑一下以下问题，我将不胜感激。give ones consideration to慎重考虑。speculation猜测，投机。【解析】19.While the press has gone a long way to proving that Bofors handledout millions of dollars to Indian middlemen,the _ of the ultimaterecipients of the money remains a mystery.（identification/identity）identity【答案】句意：尽管媒体经过努力证实了Bofors向印度中间商运作了数以百万计的美元，但是最终收款人的身份仍然是个谜。identity身份；同一性，一致。identification辨认，鉴定，证明。【解析】20.Despite general neglect of the country _,restoration is apopular topic for debate,perhaps as compensation for the lack of action.（inheritance/heritage）heritage【答案】句意：尽管人们普遍忽视了这个国家的遗产，但修复是一个很受欢迎的话题，可能是对缺乏行动的补偿。两者都有“遗产”的意思：heritage尤指国家或社会长期形成的文化遗产。inheritance指金钱、财产等继承物。根据句意，heritage更符合语境。【解析】Section CDirections:Complete the following sentences with the appropriate formsof the words given in the brackets21.Whether outer space can be the new home for earth immigrants wasa matter of serious _（speculate）long before mans first landing onthe moon.speculation【答案】句意：在人类首次登上月球之前，外太空是否能成为地球移民的新家园只是一个猜测。空格前为形容词，因此可推测出空格处应填一个名词。speculate的名词形式为speculation，意为“投机；思索”。【解析】22.The dome of St.Pauls had a peculiar _（fascinate）for manypeople around the world.fascination【答案】句意：圣保罗的穹顶对世界上许多人来说都是一种特殊的魅力。空格前为形容词，因此可推测出空格处应填一个名词。fascinate的名词形式为fascination，意为“魅力；魔力；入迷”。【解析】23.The formation of rain is a complicated procedure,one that _（involvement）the slow growth of cloud droplets into raindrops and thecollision of these raindrops with each other.involves【答案】句意：雨的形成是一个复杂的过程，其中包括云滴的缓慢增长，以及雨滴之间的碰撞。that引导定语从句，空格处应该是从句的谓语动词，主语为单数，根据句子时态可知应该填involves。【解析】24.Agriculture was a step in human progress to winch subsequentlythere was nothing _（compare）until our own machine age.to compare【答案】句意：农业是人类进步的一步，后来，在我们到达机器时代之前，没有什么是可以与之比较的。nothing to do没什么可干。动词不定式可以看作是一个后置定语，修饰nothing。【解析】25.The reviewer describes it as“an intelligent,_（insight）bookthat reveals the truth behind the Presidency”.insightful【答案】句意：评论家认为这本书是一本智慧而深刻的书，揭示了总统职位背后的真相。根据空格前的形容词intelligent以及空格后的名词book可知空格处也应该填一个形容词修饰book。insight的形容词形式为insightful，意为“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”。【解析】26.Television _（trivial）almost everything it touches and makesus less sensitive to human tragedy and suffering.trivializes【答案】句意：电视把它接触到的几乎所有东西都平凡化了，使我们对人类的悲剧和苦难变得不那么敏感。通过分析句子结构可知句子缺少谓语动词，主语是television，单数概念；且句子主语为一般现在时，所以空格处应该填trivializes，意为“使平凡；使琐碎”。【解析】27.The cost of living in the city is more expensive but salaries aresupposed to be _（correspond）higher.correspondingly【答案】句意：住在城市里的生活成本要高得多，但工资也应该相应地更高。空格后为形容词，由此可推测出空格处应该是副词，correspond的副词形式为correspondingly，意为“相应地，相对地”。【解析】28.Psychologists have been studying _（perceive）in rats in anattempt to discover more about human mental processes connected withsight.perception【答案】句意：心理学家们一直在研究老鼠的感知能力，试图发现更多有关人类心理过程中与视觉有关的信息。空格前为动词study，其后可填名词、代词或动词做宾语；空格后有介词短语做限定成分，所以推测出空格处应该填名词perception，意为“感知（能力），觉察”。【解析】29.The fuel used is almost _（vary）charcoal made from woodor coconut shell.varied in【答案】句意：使用的燃料几乎在由木头或椰子壳制成的木炭中变化。be varied in意为“在之间变化”。【解析】30.The side effects of the new drug are being _（extend）researched.extensively【答案】句意：新药物的副作用正在被广泛研究。谓语动词前应该用副词修饰，extend的副词形式为extensively，意为“广泛地；大量地”。【解析】Part Cloze（20 minutes,20 points）Directions:Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate wordto make the passage unified and coherent.Water is one of the most common substances in our life and work.Wedrink it,1_ electricity with it,2_ our crops with it.And werestretching our supplies to the breaking 3_.Will we have enough cleanwater to 4_ all the worlds needs?History has 5_ witness to thefact that human civilization is always entwined 6_ mans history tomanipulate water resources.7_ the elaborate systems for water supplyand drainage,there would not have been the ancient Roman civilization.8_,without the unprecedented construction of numerous monumentalengineering projects,the industrial revolution would not have 9_ somuch.Our significant progress cannot 10_ the hard fact that half of theworlds population still 11_ with poorer water services than the ancientGreeks and Romans.To 12_ this situation,many governments havedesigned networks of canals,dams and reservoirs,with the damaging13_ that they gain little but lose more.A clear indication is the severelydamaged ecosystems in and around the dams 14_ many valuable fishspecies becoming 15_,not to 16_ the forced move of peoplefrom their homes with little warning 17_ compensation.Fortunately thewind has turned 18_.The public outcry 19_ stimulated manygovernments to rethink their plan for the costly 20_ of dams and otherwater-related civil engineering projects.【答案与解析】1.generate（generate electricity意为“发电”，为固定表达。）2.irrigate（根据crops可知应该填irrigate，表示“灌溉庄稼”。）3.point（breaking point转换点；断裂点；强度极限。句意为水资源供给将近达到断点。）4.meet（meet the need of满足的需要，为固定搭配。）5.been（has为助动词，空格处应填一个过去分词；空格后为名词，所以可以填been；表示“历史是见证人”。）6.with（be entwined with与密切相关，为固定搭配。句意为历史见证了人类文明总是与人类历史紧密地联系在一起，以操纵水资源。）7.Without（根据后文的虚拟语气结构可知此处应该填without，表示“如果没有复杂的供水系统和排水系统的话，就不会有古罗马文明”。）8.Moreover（上文说到“如果没有复杂的供水系统和排水系统，就不会有古罗马文明”，空格处又提到如果没有大量工程项目的建设会怎么样，由此可知句子间存在递进关系，所以应填moreover，意为“另外；而且”。）9.achieved（根据下文出现的progress可知此处说的也是一些进步和成就，所以空格处填achieved。句意为如果没有史无前例的大量工程项目的建设，工业革命就不会取得如此巨大的成就。）10.hide（hide掩藏；掩盖。这里指的是“不能掩盖一个不争的事实”。）11.do（do with勉强凑合着用，为固定搭配。句意为我们的重大进步也不能掩盖一个不争的事实，那就是世界上仍有一半的人口使用着比希腊和罗马时期都要差的水服务系统。）12.change（下文提到“许多政府设计了运河、水坝和水库的网络”，这样做的目的是为了改变之前水利用设施不完善的情况，所以应该填change。）13.result（that引导同位语从句与空格处句子表达相同意思，所以应该填result，表示“有害的结果”。）14.bring（根据becoming一词的形式可知应该填bring。bring sb./sth.doing sth.意为“导致/引起某人或某事，为固定搭配。）15.endangered（这里表达的意思为堤坝旁边生态系统的破坏使得一些珍贵的鱼类濒临灭绝。）16.mention（not to mention意为“更别提”，为固定搭配。）17.and（空格前后都为名词，中间缺少连接词，所以应填and；表达的意思为人们被迫搬家，都没有提前收到警告和赔偿。）18.better（turn better意为“发生好转”。句意为风向发生好转。言下之意就是情况发生了好转。）19.has（通过分析句子结构可知空格处应该填入一个助动词，句子时态应该是现在完成时，所以助动词用has。）20.design（句意为公众的强烈抗议刺激了许多政府重新考虑水坝和其他与水有关的土建工程的代价高昂的设计计划。design plan设计计划。）Part Reading Comprehension（50 minutes,40 points）Directions:There are 3 passages in this part.Read each passagecarefully and finish the exercises following each passage as you are required.Passage OneThe discovery of the white dwarf,the neutron star,and the black hole,coming well after the discovery of the red giant,are among the most excitingdevelopments in decades because they may well present physicists with theirgreatest challenge since the failure of classical mechanics.In the life cycle ofa star,after all of the hydrogen and helium fuel has been burned,the delicatebalance between the outward nuclear radiation pressure and the stablegravitational force becomes disturbed and slow contraction begins.Ascompression increases,a very dense plasma forms.If the initial star had amass of less than 1.4 solar masses（1.4 times the mass of our sun）,theprocess ceases at a density of 1,000 tons per cubic inch,and the star becomesa white dwarf.However,if the star was originally more massive,the whitedwarf plasma cannot resist the gravitational pressures,and in a rapid collapse,all nuclei of the star are converted to a gas of free neutrons.Gravitationalattraction compresses this neutron gas rapidly until a density of 109 tons percubic inch is reached;at this point the strong nuclear force resists furthercontraction.If the mass of the star was between 1.4 and a few solar masses,the process stops here,and we have a neutron star.But if the original star was more massive than a few solar masses,eventhe strong nuclear forces cannot resist the gravitational crunch.The neutronsare forced into one another to form heavier hadronsand these in turncoalesce to form heavier entities,of which we as yet know nothing.At thispoint,a complete collapse of the stellar mass occurs;existing theories predicta collapse to infinite density and infinitely small dimensions.Well beforetiffs,however,the surface gravitational force would become so strong that nosignal could ever leave the starany photon emitted would fall back undergravitational attractionand the star would become a black hole in space.This gravitational collapse poses a fundamental challenge to physics.When the most widely accepted theories predict such improbable things ininfinite density and infinitely small dimensions,it simply means that we aremissing some vital insight.This last happened in physics in the 1930s,whenwe faced a fundamental paradox concerning atomic structure.At that time,itwas recognized that electrons moved in stable orbits about nuclei in atoms.However,it was also recognized that if a charge is accelerated,as it must beto remain in orbit,it radiates energy;so theoretically,the electron would beexpected eventually to spiral into the nucleus and destroy the atom.Studiescentered around this paradox led to the development of quantum mechanics.It may well be that an equivalent advance awaits us in investigating thetheoretical problems presented by the phenomenon of gravitational collapse.Choose the best answer from the four choices given according to thepassage you have just read.1.The primary purpose of this passage is to _.A.offer new explanations for the collapse of starsB.explain the origins of black holes,neutron stars,and white dwarfsC.compare the structure of atoms with the structure of the solar systemD.explain how the collapse of stars challenges accepted theories ofphysics2.According to the passage,in the final stages of its development,ourown sun is likely to take the form of a _.A.white dwarfB.neuron starC.red giantD.gas of free neutrons3.According to the passage an imbalance arises between nuclearradiation pressure and gravitational force in stars because _.A.the density of a star increases as it agesB.radiation pressure increases as a star increases in massC.radiation pressure decreases when a stars fuel has been consumedD.the collapse of a star increases its gravitational force4.The author asserts that the discoveries of the white dwarf,the neutronstar,and the black hole are significant because these discoveries _.A.demonstrate the probability of infinite density and infinitely smalldimensionsB.pose the most comprehensive and fundamental problem faced byphysicists in decadesC.c