北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I.Vocabulary and,Grammar(30 points)Section A Multiple Choice(20 points).Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark youranswers on your answer sheet.1The performance of this machine calls for much _.A.technologyB.scienceC.techniqueD.technicality【答案】C【解析】句意：这台机器的性能操作需要很多技巧。technique技巧；手法。technology科技。science科学；技术。technicality学术性；专门性。2His strange behavior aroused the _ of the police.A.suspicionB.doubtC.disbeliefD.incredibility【答案】A【解析】句意：他的奇怪的行为引起了警察的怀疑。suspicion怀疑；疑心；指对某人做某事的目的、意图有怀疑。doubt对事物的真、假有怀疑。disbelief怀疑；不相信。incredibility不能相信；不可信的事物。3Although only of _ intelligence,he speaks four languagesfluently.A.middleB.minorC.averageD.slow【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然只有平均的智力水平，但他能流利地说四门语言。average平均的；普通的。middle（位置）中间的。minor次要的；较小的。slow缓慢的。4The house is in perfect condition,_ a few scratches on one of thedoors.A.exceptB.except forC.withoutD.but【答案】B【解析】句意：这所房子的情况很好，除了在一扇门上有几处刮痕。expect用于不同类之间，表示从整体排除一部分；expect用于同类之间排除。5He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching_ without toomuch difficulty.A.workB.careerC.postD.employment【答案】C【解析】句意：他去了澳大利亚，希望不难找到一份教学工作。post岗位；职位。work工作；不可数名词。career指经过专门训练，终身愿意从事的职业。employment指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，有较固定工作的职业。这里指的是“教学岗位”，所以应选post。6Britain was about to _ diplomatic relations with Libya.A.break outB.break intoC.break offD.break through【答案】C【解析】句意：英国准备和利比亚断绝外交关系。break off断绝(关系)；断交。break out爆发。break into闯入。break through突破；突围。7People are always _ him with his twin brother.A.mistakingB.puzzlingC.bewilderingD.confusing【答案】D【解析】句意：人们经常把他和他的双胞胎兄弟搞混。confusewith把和搞混。mistake常与for搭配，表示“把误认为”。puzzle使困惑。bewilder使迷惑；使不知所措。8When there was a short _,I asked if anyone would like anythingto drink.A.blankB.spaceC.pauseD.wait【答案】C【解析】句意：当会话过程中出现短暂的停顿时，我问大家有没有人要喝点什么。pause表示“短暂的停顿时间”、“间歇”、“(说话中的)停顿”、“犹豫”等。blank表示“(纸、表格等的)空白处”、“(记忆等的)空白”、“无重大事件的时期”等。space表示“空间”、“空地”、“期间”、“(词与词之间的)空白”、“篇幅”等。wait表示“等待”。9An almost _ line of traffic was moving at a snails pace through thetown.A.constantB.solidC.continuousD.continual【答案】C【解析】句意：几乎连绵不断的一串车辆在以蜗牛般缓慢的速度穿过市中心。continuous意为“连续不断的，接连的”；constant意为“不断的；连续发生的”，强调事物的永恒性；solid意为“坚固的，牢靠的”；continual意为“从不间断的”。10Academic records from other institutions often become part of auniversity official file and can neither be returned to a student nor _.A.explicatedB.complicatedC.duplicatedD.implicated【答案】C【解析】句意：别的机构的成绩记录往往变成了大学的官方档案,既没有返还给学生，也不能让学生复制。duplicate复制；重复。explicate说明，解释。complicate使复杂化；使恶化。implicate涉及；暗指。11Today household chores have been made much easier by electrical_.A.facilitiesB.equipmentC.appliancesD.utilities【答案】C【解析】句意：当今，家用电器使家务变得更容易。appliance(家庭用)器具，用具，装置，器械(尤指家用电器)。facility设施；设备。equipment设备，装备；器材。utility实用；效用；公共设施。12He _ in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bankthat had been robbed.A.testifiedB.witnessedC.justifiedD.identified【答案】A【解析】句意：他在法庭上证实他亲眼看见囚犯抢完银行后逃跑了。testify作证；证明。witness目击；证明。justify证明是正当的；替辩护。identify鉴定；识别，辨认出。13Undergraduate students have no _ to the rare books in the schoollibrary.A.pathB.entranceC.wayD.access【答案】D【解析】句意：本科生无法接触到学校图书馆里的珍贵书籍。haveaccess to可以到达；可以使用；有接触(或进入、使用)的机会(或权利)。path路径。entrance入口。way方法；道路。14Obviously,the Chairmans remarks at the conference were _ andnot planned.A.substantialB.spontaneousC.simultaneousD.synthetic【答案】B【解析】句意：显然，主席在大会上的讲话是即兴的，不是事先计划好的。spontaneous意为“自然的；自发的；自然产生的”。substantial大量的；实质的；内容充实的。simultaneous意为“同时的；同步的”。synthetic合成的，人造的。根据not planned可知应该选spontaneous。15The prince _ power on the death of his father.A.presumedB.assumedC.resumedD.consumed【答案】B【解析】句意：王子在他父亲的死后掌权。assume意为“承担，就(职)，控制(政权)”，assume power掌权，控制政权。presume意为“推测，假定”。resume意为“恢复，继续”。consume意为“消费，消耗”。16The work is not very profitable _cash,but I am getting valuableexperience from it.A.according toB.on the basis ofC.in terms ofD.in the light of【答案】C【解析】句意：就现金收入来说，这项工作意思不大，但我能从工作中获得宝贵的经验。in terms of根据；就来说。according to根据；按照。on the basis of在的基础上。in the light of鉴于；按照。17Every material on Earth reflects,_and absorbs electromagneticradiation in a characteristic way.A.transfersB.transformsC.transmitsD.transplants【答案】C【解析】句意：地球上的每一种物质都以一种特有的方式反射、传播和吸收电磁辐射。transmit传输；传播；传达。transfer转让；转移。transform改变；变换。transplant移植；迁移。18I _ because I wanted to talk with you about your motherthrough the night.A.turned upB.stayed upC.worked upD.stood up【答案】B【解析】句意：我熬夜是因为我晚上想和你谈谈关于你母亲的事。stayup熬夜。turn up出现；发生。work up逐步建立；逐步发展。stand up站起来。19Wealth was less evenly _ in the South than in the West,lessmoney was invested in education,and the rate of illiteracy was higher.A.distributedB.dividedC.separatedD.spread【答案】A【解析】句意：与西部相比，南方的财富分配不均衡，教育投入的资金较少，而文盲率更高。distribute分配；配给。divide分开；划分。separate分离；隔开。spread扩散；传播。20It is known that what _ practically all of matter is a vast numberof units of energy.A.constitutesB.is composed ofC.is made ofD.contains【答案】D【解析】句意：众所周知，众多的能量单位中包含了几乎所有的物质。contain包含。这里指的是能量单位包含各种物质。what引导主语从句，并充当从句的主语成分。constitute组成；构成。be composed of由组成。be made of由组成，构成。21_ our efforts to save the school,the county decided to close it.A.In spiteB.For allC.AlthoughD.While【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管我们尽全力去挽救这个学校，但是政府还是决定关闭它。for all尽管；虽然；相当于in spite of；后面可直接跟名词。A选项in spite of才是正确表达，后面可直接跟名词。although和while后面一般跟的是完整的句子。22Dont you realize the damage these chemicals are doing _ ourenvironment?A.forB.toC.aboutD.on【答案】B【解析】句意：你难道没有意识到这些化学产品给我们的环境带来的危害吗？do damage to破坏；危害；固定表达用介词to。23The Clarks havent decided yet which hotel _.A.to stayB.is to stayC.to stay atD.is for staying【答案】C【解析】句意：他们还没有决定要入住哪家酒店。本题考查常见结构：动词+疑问句+带to的不定式；其中带to的不定式做定语修饰hotel，stay用作不及物动词，常与介词at搭配，表示小的地点。陈述语序是decidedto stay at which hotel。24We could _ him with a detached house when he came,but hehad specifically asked for a small flat.A.provideB.have providedC.not provideD.not have provided【答案】B【解析】句意：当他来的时候，我们本可以给他一套独立的房子，但他特别要求要一间小公寓就行。could have done本可以而没有；符合句意要求。25_,there were no ground to justify your complaint.A.Such was the caseB.Such would be the caseC.Such being the caseD.Such is the case【答案】C【解析】句意：既然事实如此，你也就没理由为你的抱怨找借口。suchbeing the case事实既然如此；情况就是这样；固定表达。也可看作是一个独立主格结构，such代词，是该结构的逻辑主语，用现在分词构成主系表句型结构。26This company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises arerelated to performance at work.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whether【答案】B【解析】句意：公司现在实行一项政策，内容是：是否涨工资由个人的工作表现决定。定语从句不缺成分，关系副词where充当从句的状语。where引导定语从句时，先行词不一定都是表示具体地点的名词，还可以是case，situation，point，policy，stage等表示抽象概念的名词，意为“在情况下；在状态下”等。27Xenon has a number of applications,_ may be mentioned itsuse in flash lamps for high-speed photography.A.among whichB.whichC.and whichD.each of which【答案】A【解析】句意：氙气有多种用途，其中值得一提的是它在高速摄影闪光灯中的应用。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词applications，并在从句中充当介词among的宾语。28 12 is to 4 _ 3 is to 1.A.whatB.howC.whichD.that【答案】A【解析】句意：12之于4等同于3之1。A is to B what C is to D，固定的比较句型。what表示比较关系，意为“正如；好像；等同于”。29You _ Mark anything.It was none of his business.A.neednt tellB.mustnt have toldC.mustnt tellD.neednt have told【答案】D【解析】句意：你本不需要告诉马克任何事的，那和他没关系。neednthave done本不需要做却做了。根据下文可知是“已经告诉了马克”，所以选项D最符合句意要求。30_ no cause for alarm,the old man went back to his bedroom.A.There wasB.SinceC.BeingD.There being【答案】D【解析】句意：由于没有什么值得惊慌的理由，老人回到了他的卧室。从句主语和主句主语不一致，所以要用独立主格结构，there用作逻辑主语，与动词be存在主谓关系，所以用主动形式。there being引导的独立主格结构可以看作是原因状语。31Youd better look at the difficulty _.A.by other wayB.by the other wayC.another wayD.by another way【答案】C【解析】句意：你最好用另一种方式看待困难。another way是in anotherway的省略形式，用作方式状语，表示“以(用)另一种方法，指三种或三种以上的方法中的一种”。其余三项搭配不正确，一般常用介词in。32Although a teenager,Fred could resist _ what to do and whatnot to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管年纪很小，Fred可以拒绝被告诉什么能做，什么不能做。resist抵抗，抗拒；反对，抵制；后面要接动名词doing的形式。resist doing sth.拒绝做某事；根据句意可知Fred和tell之间构成被动关系，故使用动名词的被动形式。33She remembered several occasions in the past _ she hadexperienced a similar feeling.A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when【答案】D【解析】句意：她记得过去有几次她经历过类似的感觉。定语从句中occasion作先行词时，关系词可以用where也可以用when，强调时间用when，强调地点用where；从句she had experienced a similar feeling缺少时间状语，故用when。34_ as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not usedproved to be false.A.The estimateB.The estimate thatC.They are estimatedD.It is estimated that【答案】B【解析】句意：多达1/4收获的木材没有被利用，这个估计被证明是错误的。本题考察同位语从句。主语为the estimate，that引导同位语从句对其进行限定说明，句子简化后就是The estimate proved to be false.35You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security.A.lestB.in caseC.unlessD.other than【答案】C【解析】句意：除非你提供一些保证，否则你是贷不了款的。unless除非；符合句子逻辑。lest唯恐，以免。in case以防万一。other than除之外；不同于。36I was to have made a speech if _.A.I was not called awayB.nobody would have called me awayC.I had not been called awayD.nobody called me away【答案】C【解析】句意：如果我没有被人叫走的话，我会做一个演讲。由主句时态可知句子是对过去发生事实的虚拟，从句应该用had+过去分词，所以答案选C。37Johns score on the test is the highest in the group;he _ lastnight.A.should have studiedB.must have studiedC.has studiedD.should study【答案】B【解析】句意：约翰的测试分数是小组里面最高的；他昨天晚上肯定学习了。must have done肯定已经做了某事；表示有依据，很肯定的猜测；符合句子逻辑表达。38It was years _ I had visited my hometown and I was determinedto enjoy my stay.A.afterB.whenC.sinceD.that【答案】C【解析】句意：再次踏上故土已是多年以后，所以我决定好好享受这次暂住。本题考查固定句型：It was+一段时间+since从句（从句使用过去完成时）。39Give it a second thought,_ youll find it wise to accept the post.A.toB.andC.orD.then【答案】B【解析】句意：再考虑一下，你会发现接受这一职位是明智的。and连接两个句子，表示递进关系。40Every man and every woman working here _ with me.A.is getting along wellB.are getting along wellC.is got along wellD.are got along well【答案】A【解析】句意：每个在这里工作的人都和我相处得很好。由everyandevery；eachand each；noand no；many aand many a等连接的并列主语表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数。Section B Error Detection(10 points)Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts markedA,B,C,and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and markyour answer on your answer sheet.(10 points)1Of the three students,he is by far the more diligent,for he knows why heshould work hard.A.by farB.the moreC.shouldD.hard【答案】B【解析】the more改为the most。句意：在这三个学生中，他是目前为止最勤奋的因为他知道自己为什么要努力工作。这里表示的是三者之间的比较，所以应该用最高级。2Dont forget the words what your parents told you when you left home.A.the wordsB.whatC.toldD.left【答案】B【解析】what改为that或which。your parents told you是定语从句，修饰先行词words；tell sb.sth.告诉某人某事，从句缺少宾语，所以定语从句引导词应该用that 或which。3Some people believe that boys performance on tests is always better thangirls.But it is not necessarily the case.A.boysB.onC.girlsD.necessarily【答案】C【解析】girls改为girls。句意：一些人认为男孩在考试上的表现比女孩要好，但事实不一定如此。这里的比较对象是男孩和女孩的表现，所以应该用girls，省略了performance。4If writing had never been invented,we would be living in a very narrowworld,knowing little the past and still less about other peoples and nations.A.had never been inventedB.would be livingC.knowing littleD.still less about【答案】C【解析】knowing little后应该加about。句意：如果没有发明书写的话，我们现在将会居住在一个非常狭隘的世界里，对过去知之甚少，对其他民族和国家就知道的更少。know little about对知道很少，固定表达。5By the year 2020,this area will inhabit twice as many people as it istoday.A.By the yearB.willC.twiceD.as many people as【答案】B【解析】will改为will have been inhabited。by后加表示将来时间的介词短语，在句中作时间状语，句子的谓语要用将来完成时态，表示到将来某个时间为止的动作。inhabit意为“居住于，存在于；占据，栖息”，是及物动词，其后通常接地点。如果地点做主语，要用被动语态。6Along with technological advances in modern medicine has come manynew questions medical,legal,and social.A.Along withB.advancesC.has comeD.many new questions【答案】C【解析】has come改为have come。本句为倒装句，主语为newquestions，表示复数概念，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。7It is important that the student begins to learn the chemical symbolsimmediately since they represent the basic building blocks of matter and willbe used extensively in the remainder of the book.A.begins toB.representC.will be usedD.the remainder【答案】A【解析】begins to改为begin to。It is important that句型中一般用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。8The baby who doesnt get any loving will grow up coldly andunresponsive.A.whoB.doesnt getC.willD.coldly and unresponsive【答案】D【解析】coldly and unresponsive改为cold and unresponsive。此处应该用形容词形式表伴随。9Judith Francis was nothing at all like the woman Jane had expected tomeet her.A.nothing at allB.likeC.had expectedD.meet her【答案】D【解析】meet her去掉her。这里Jane had expected to meet是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，且定语从句省略了引导词that；省略的引导词充当meet的宾语，所以应该删掉her。10Not able to use a computer would hurt a graduates chances of finding ajob as a secretary.A.Not able toB.hurtC.chancesD.as a secretary【答案】A【解析】not able to改为not being able to。通过分析句子结构可知，A划线部分应该充当句子主语，所以要用v-ing形式。Part II.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section A Multiple Choice(30 points)Directions:In this section there are 3 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on youranswer sheets.Passage AIts time for change;thats a fact that all university managers know but mostof them resist to admitting.Relying merely on classical managementstrategies does not get us very far.Old-fashioned university managers havenot yet been convinced to take the risk of applying change to their well-established university;but in the extremely competitive environment of thismarket,they have no other choice and sooner or later they need to believe inthe necessity of change and utilizing modern models of higher education.However,an unjustified delay results in significant losses,as it is evidentfrom continuous change in the position of some universities in the worlduniversity ranking upward or downward.This is indeed an unquestionable fact that modern university cannot bemanaged by traditional methods,as current students are different having newexpectations,potentials,and needs.Roughly speaking,it is evident bycomparing the current students with those of 80s who never experiencedinternet and globalization at this level.Those who have studied in 60s willremember that professors had more time for research and discussion aboutpreliminary subjects,and PhD Students had a different position in theuniversity environment.In fact,higher education has always been in theprocess of changing,but not necessarily in good direction.Since differentparties are involved in university structure,their preferences sometimescaused unfavorable change;rather than effective change.Waiting for externalforces inducing change to university is an example of Darwins naturalselection(i.e.evolution);though intelligent evolution is something different.An outstanding leadership needs to foresee desirable change.People usuallybelieve change should be limited in the framework of available budget,butthe art of leadership is to conduct change based on intellectual properties,creativity,and innovation;leading to several benefits including financial one.Effective change is transformative and sustainable implemented through aunited leadership strategy according to the organizational general policy.Thus,change is not limited to modernization of traditional elements,but alsoreviving good traditional elements lost in time.This is a collection of ideas proposed by the author in a variety of programs,research studies,and managerial reports associated with some importantissues in the realms of modern university management.There are justifiedprograms for developing each case effectively(collected in a volume as ahandbook for university leaders),though it is recommended to adapt eachprogram according to the university unique potentials and needs.In general,it is not aimed to alter th