北京第二外国语学院611基础英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2003年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2004年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2005年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2007年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2008年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2009年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2010年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2012年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2013年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2014年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2015年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2016年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2017年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解2003年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解.GRAMMAR(20 points,1 point each)Directions:In this section,there are 20 sentences each with one word orphrase missing.Choose one of the four choices marked A,B,C,and D thatbest completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET by blackening it.1.There are many valuable services which the public are willing to payfor,but which _ bring a return in money to the community.A.does noB.did notC.could notD.do notD【答案】句意：有很多公众可以出钱的有价值的服务，但是哪些会为社会回馈利益呢？很多中并不一定只有一个服务项目可赚钱回馈，所以应该用复数。【解析】2.The radio was of _ inferior quality that I took it back and askedfor a better one.A.soB.suchC.thisD.thatB【答案】of加上名字即具有形容词的修饰效果，so.that的句式有两种结构：so+形容词+a+名词+that，such+a+形容词+名词+that，而对于不可数名词来说，一般用后面的结构且去掉冠词。【解析】3.Mary,you sang well last night.We hope youll sing _.A.more betterB.still betterC.lot betterD.bit betterB【答案】still better表示保持更好的意思，而better本身就是比较级，不能用more、lot、bit等词语修饰。【解析】4.For many years,Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name to bementioned or his works _.A.being publishedB.from being publishedC.publishedD.to be publishedD【答案】allow的句式用法是allow.to do sth.，如果加上被动语态，就应该是allow sth.to be done，并且从与之并列的to be mentioned就可以推出。【解析】5.Most electronic devices of this kind,_ manufactured for suchpurposes,are tightly packed.A.that areB.it isC.which isD.as areD【答案】句意：大部分为了这种目的而制造的电子设备都是包装紧密的。这句话中as引导非限制性定语从句，因为先行词有most来修饰，所以不能用which，但是非限制性定语从句中不能用that，所以应该选择as。【解析】6.If he _ dancing,wed have taken him to the discotheque.A.had likedB.has likedC.likedD.likesC【答案】这句话用的是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来完成时。【解析】7.The guests _,he began to work on this book again.A.have leftB.having leftC.were leftD.leftB【答案】从句中不能出现谓语，只能用分词形式，根据本句的时态来判断应该用的是过去完成时，换作分词形式就是having done。【解析】8.It is only when you nearly lose someone _ fully conscious ofhow much you value him.A.do you becomeB.then you becomeC.that you becomeD.have you becomeC【答案】本句的句子类型是“It is.that.”句式，去掉It is 和that，句子结构仍然完整。【解析】9._,he does get irritated with her sometimes.A.Much as he likes herB.As likes her muchC.Although much he likes herD.Much although he likes herA【答案】这句话是对转折分句的倒装，将其程度副词提前，用as作为转折连词，所以much as he likes her也就等于although he likes hermuch。【解析】10.I appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A.to have givenB.to have been givenC.having been givenD.having givenC【答案】appreciate的句式用法是：appreciate sth.或者是appreciatedoing sth.，再判断其时态与语态是过去完成时的被动语态，所以选C。【解析】11.She managed to save _ she could out of her wages to help herbrother.A.how little moneyB.so little moneyC.such little moneyD.what little moneyD【答案】句意：她从工资里尽量节省钱去帮助她弟弟。so little和such little都是强调钱的数量非常少，与原义不符。而what在句中具有指代作用，指代她节省下来的钱。【解析】12.It was as a physician that he represented himself,and _ he waswarmly received.A.as suchB.such asC.as thatD.so thatA【答案】句意：他说自己是个医师，可以说他是非常受欢迎的。assuch表示严格来说，根据某词严格的词义。【解析】13.His strong sense of humor was _ make everyone in the roomburst out laughing.A.so as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such thatB【答案】句意：他的幽默感特别强，使屋里的每个人都开怀大笑。such.as to是固定词组，一般用于预指下文，一般后文表示上文的结果。【解析】14.Fat cannot change into muscle_ muscle changes into fat.A.any more thanB.no more thanC.no lessD.much more thanA【答案】not any more than等于no more than，表示不比某事或某物的程度大。【解析】15.He was _ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A.too much the cowardB.enough of a cowardC.too much of a cowardD.a coward enoughC【答案】too.to，表示太而不能，much只能直接修饰不可数名词而不能直接修饰可数名词，所以A项错误。而of加上名词可以表示形容词的含义，所以可以用much修饰，即选C项。【解析】16.Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other personis right yet you cannot agree with you?A.by whichB.thatC.in thatD.whereD【答案】本句是定语从句，先行词是“situation”，在从句中做状语，所以用“where”做从句的引导词。【解析】17.Cancer is said _ the number-one killer over the past few yearsin that region.A.beingB.to have beenC.to beD.having beenB【答案】本句的关键在于时间状语“over the past few years”，表明应该用现在完成时表示持续性的动作或状态，“be said to”意为“据说”。【解析】18._ him tomorrow?A.Why not to call onB.Why dont call onC.Why not calling onD.Why not call onD【答案】why not do sth.是固定句式，意思是“为什么不做某事”，其作用是提出建议，希望别人采纳。【解析】19.You _ Jim anything about it.It was none of his business.A.neednt have toldB.neednt tellC.mustnt have toldD.mustnt tellA【答案】句意：你不必告诉吉姆这件事，因为与他无关。这句话是【解析】对过去发生的事情的虚拟，事实是已经告诉了吉姆这件事。must havedone表示一定做过某事，与句意不符。20.He _ unwisely,but he was at least trying to do somethinghelpful.A.would actB.should actC.must have actedD.may have actedD【答案】句意：他的举动可能不明智，但他至少想要做些有帮助的事情。首先判断句子的时态，后面一句用过去式，所以前面可以用完成时来表示。而must have done表示一定做过某事，与句意不符，所以选D。【解析】.VOCABULARY(30 points,1 point each)Section ADirections:In this section,there are ten sentences with one word orphrase underlined each.Choose one of the four choices marked A,B,C,andD that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Then mark the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening it.1.South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant,but not all of themcan be lucratively mined.A.safelyB.profitablyC.easilyD extensivelyB【答案】lucratively有利地，赚钱地。profitably有利地，有益地。safely安全地。easily轻易地。extensively广阔地。【解析】2.Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological agesthat have been preserved in the Earths crust.A.registersB.profusionC.residueD.precursorsC【答案】trace踪迹，遗迹。residue残留物，残余。register记录，登记。profusion极丰富，大量。precursor先驱；预兆。【解析】3.The unusual hues found in the artwork of some ancient civilizationsare attributed to plant dyes.A.substancesB.secretionsC.colorsD.elementsC【答案】句意：在一些古代文明的艺术作品中发现的特殊颜色归结于植物染料的作用。hue色调，颜色。color颜色，色彩。substance物质，实质。secretion分泌，分泌物。element要素，元素。【解析】4.The janitor synchronized all the clocks in the building once every twoweeks.A.correctedB.checkedC.calculatedD.examinedB【答案】synchronize（使）同步，这里指“对表进行校准”。check检查，核对。correct改正，纠正。calculate计算；推测。examine检查，调查。【解析】5.Unless the concord contains a provision for a United Nations peace-keeping force to patrol the borders,the General Assembly is not likely toratify it.A.releaseB.documentC.agreementD.proposalC【答案】句意：除非和约包括联合国维和部队巡逻边界的规定，否则联合国大会是不太可能修正它的。concord和约。agreement协定，协议。release豁免证书，发放的消息。document公文，文件。proposal提议，申请。【解析】6.The concurrence of the heads of state was totally unexpected.A.agreementB.suggestionC.rejectionD.objectionA【答案】concurrence同意。agreement一致，同意。suggestion建议，意见。rejection抵制，拒绝。objection反对，异议。【解析】7.What he said was contrariwise to what we expected.A.innateB.oppositeC.ironicD.circumspectB【答案】contrariwise相反地。opposite对立的，相反的。innate天生的，固有的。ironic说反话的，讽刺的。circumspect慎重的，细心的。【解析】8.The concept of upward social mobility has been an abiding feature ofAmerican life.A.intriguingB.unaffectedC.observableD enduringD【答案】句意：向上的社会灵活性的概念一直是美国人生活的一种持久的特征。abiding持久的，不变的。enduring持久的，不朽的。intriguing迷人的，有迷惑力的。unaffected自然的，真挚的。observable看得见的，观察得出的。【解析】9.Beware of pickpockets in public places.A.Take care ofB.Take note ofC.Watch out forD.Look forC【答案】beware of留心，谨防。watch out for当心，提防。take careof照料，赡养。take note of注意到。look for寻找，期望。【解析】10.The western slopes of the mountains of the Sierra Nevada range aredeeply incised by numerous streams.A.fedB.floodedC.distendedD.cutD【答案】句意：Sierra Nevada山脉的西坡被大量的洪流所切分。incise切割，雕刻。cut切，割。feed喂养，饲养。flood淹没，使泛滥。distend扩张，膨胀。【解析】Section BDirections:In this section there are 20 sentences each with one word orphrase missing.Choose one of the four choices marked A,B,C,and D thatbest completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET by blackening it.11.The police have offered a large _ for information leading to therobbers arrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.rewardD【答案】reward指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。award奖金，奖品。compensation补偿（物）；赔偿（金）。prize奖赏，奖金，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。【解析】12.The local government realized the need to make _ for elderlypeople in its housing programs.A.preparationB.requirementC.provisionD.specificationC【答案】make provision for为作好准备，为预先采取措施。make preparations for为准备。requirement需求，必要条件。specification详述，说明书。【解析】13.The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C.in Olympia,a small town inGrace.A.originatedB.stemmedC.derivedD.descendedA【答案】originate起源，发生。stem起源，源于，一般和from连用。derive（指任何从主要根源的）引出，派生，一般和from连用。descend下降，遗传（指财产、气质、权利等）。【解析】14.Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards;_ it shouldrank high on any list of science diction.A.consistentlyB.invariableC.consequentlyD.constantlyC【答案】consequently从而，因此。consistently一贯地，一向地。invariable不变的，不变量。constantly经常地，坚持不懈地。【解析】15.Obviously,the Chairmans remarks at the conference were _and not planned.A.substantialB.spontaneousC.simultaneousD.syntheticB【答案】spontaneous自然的，自发的，一时冲动的。substantial坚固的，实质的。simultaneous同时发生的。synthetic合成的，人造的。【解析】16.Have you ever received _ of what has happened to her?A.the wordB.wordsC.wordD.the wordsC【答案】word意为“消息，音信”时，是不可数名词，不能用复数。在这里是泛指，所以不用加定冠词。【解析】17.We made plays for a visit,but _ difficulties with the carprevented it.A.subsequentB.subsistentC.substantialD.subsidiaryA【答案】subsequent后来的，并发的。subsistent（独立）存在的，现【解析】存的。substantial坚固的，实质的。subsidiary辅助的，补充的。18.His speech was clever,although the _ wasnt interesting initself.A.subject topicB.subject thingC.subject titleD.subject matterD【答案】句意：他的演讲非常睿智，虽然话题本身不是特别令人感兴趣。subject matter题材，话题，论题。【解析】19.In the past they _ great suffering.A.were subject toB.were subjected fromC.were subject withD.were subjected underA【答案】be subject to服从，易遭受。subject（形容词）受支配的，附属的；（及物动词）使服从，使隶属。【解析】20._ of pay is no longer a lawful punishment in a firm.A.StopB.EndC.StoppageD.TerminalC【答案】句意：在公司里扣留工资已经不再是一项合法的惩罚措施。stoppage扣留，扣除（工资）。stop停止；车站。end末端，尽头。terminal终点站，终端。【解析】21.They had provided _ stage effects,such as earthquakes andfloods and battle scenes.A.directB.appealedC.unprecedentedD.spectacularD【答案】spectacular引人注目的，壮观的。direct径直的，直接的。appealed有感染力的。unprecedented无先例的，空前的。【解析】22.American historians have tried to _ a balance betweenindividuals and social groups,and between the data of history and theirsignificance.A.produceB.upsetC.strikeD.tipC【答案】strike a balance between在之间到达平衡。produce生产，引起。upset推翻，颠覆。tip倒出，使倾斜。【解析】23.Accuracy is _ to the programming of computers.A.elementalB.elementaryC.fundamentalD.characteristicC【答案】fundamental基础的，基本的。elemental自然力的。elementary初步的，基本的。characteristic特有的，表示特性的。【解析】24.The plane that _ in the storm was carrying a group ofentertainers on route to the International Fine-art Works Exposition.A.crushedB.crashedC.crackedD.craftedB【答案】crash碰撞，坠落。crush压碎，碾碎。crack摧毁，使断裂。craft手工制作，构思。【解析】25.With the gradual improvement of transportation andcommunications,farmers have now had easier _ to cities and towns.A.accessB.reachC.approachD.touchA【答案】access入口，通路。reach伸出，伸展的限度。approach步骤，途径。touch触觉，接触。【解析】26.“Citizen Kane”,while always _ by critics,was never a popularfavorite for most American viewers.A.attackedB.adaptedC.acceptedD.admiredD【答案】admire称赞，钦佩。attack攻击，抨击。adapt使适应，使适合。accept接受，领受。【解析】27.Most people wear _ shoes.A.easy-madeB.ready-madeC.fast-madeD.artificial-madeB【答案】ready-made现成的，做好的。easy-made容易制作的。fast-made快速制作的。artificial-made人造的。【解析】28.He has a longer _ than I have so he can climb better.A.reachB.legC.armD.stretchA【答案】reach的表意是延伸的范围，这里指的是攀登时一次能够到的距离，不能用手臂的长短来表示。【解析】29.The _ for the flood was all that heavy rain.A.startB.originC.waterD.reasonD【答案】reason for的原因。origin起源，出身，与of搭配。water水位。【解析】30.If you hit the child again youll have me to _.A.put up withB.go along withC.reckon withD.fight withC【答案】reckon with把考虑进去，重视。put up with忍受。goalong with和一起，随着。fight with与作战，与斗争。【解析】.CLOZE(20 points)Directions:In this section,there are 20 blanks with one word missing ineach blank.Choose one of the four choices marked A,B,C,and D that bestcompletes the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWERSHEET by blackening it.It is important that the reader and the writer should have certain things incommon,if communication between them is to take place.The 1_requirement is that they should share the same 2_:that they shouldwrite and understand the same language.They should also have in common a3_ of that language that is not too widely different:4_ the readerhas a far smaller vocabulary than the writer,5_,he will find the texthard to understand.In reading by 6_ of foreign languages,this problemis basic and familiar.A more interesting 7_ is that the writer and reader 8_ sharecertain assumptions about the 9_ and the way it works.We saw that ifthe writer 10_ his reader to have a basic understanding 11_chemistry,the text will not be readily understood by 12_ who lacksthis;the writer does not tell the reader 13_ he assumes is alreadyknown.So problems in understanding 14_ when there is a mismatch15_ the presuppositions of the writer and 16_ of the reader.Naturally there always is a mismatch of some kind;no 17_ peoplehave had identical experiences of 18_,so the writer is always19_ to omit something that he takes for 20_,but that the readerdoes not.1.A.smallestB.bottomC.minimumD.lowest2.A.thinkingB.codeC.modeD.pattern3.A.graspB.holdC.commandD.grip4.A.sinceB.soC.thoughD.if5.A.let aloneB.that isC.such asD.for example6.A.waysB.meanC.mannersD.methods7.A.requirementB.demandC.experienceD.experiment8.A.mayB.mightC.shouldD.can9.A.textB.worldC.novelD.language10.A.hopesB.thinksC.waitsD.expects11.A.ofB.inC.aboutD.toward12.A.everyoneB.no oneC.oneD.someone13.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how14.A.arouseB.raiseC.riseD.arise15.A.betweenB.ofC.fromD.by16.A.theseB.thisC.thoseD.that17.A.closeB.normalC.twoD.liking18.A.livelyB.aliveC.liveD.life19.A.likelyB.possiblyC.obviouslyD.willingly20.A.grantedB.noticedC.noteD.accepted【答案与解析】1.C 上文说道读者之间必须有共同点，可以交流，所以下文是最小的要求是。2.B code在这里表示规则、准则的意思。mode，模式，样式。pattern，类型，式样。3.C 上文说的是读者与作者具有共同点的要求，下文说的语言差异不能太大又是另一个要求。4.D 根据上下文的句子关系，可以推出这是一种假设情况，所以用if。5.D 这里是对假设后所产生的结果的举例。6.B by means of用的手段、方法。7.A 本文的中心是说明对作者与读者关系的要求，所以意思不能偏离requirement。8.C 既然是要求requirement，当然是应该如何做，所以用should。9.B 从后文的“the way it works”可以推出，两者的共同点应该是关于对世界认知的大问题上拥有一致的理解。10.D 句意：作者期望读者对化学知识有一个基本的掌握。11.A understanding of sth.对某事物的意义、概念和本质等的了解。12.D 这里只是表示一些缺乏基本知识的人，没有特指和否定的意思。13.B what的作用是指代他假设的东西。14.D 句意：当时，理解上的问题就出现了。arise，出现，发生，起因于。raise和rise都表示上升、增加的意思，分别为可数名词和不可数名词。arouse，唤醒，鼓励。15.B mismatch of sth.关于某方面的搭配不当。16.C those在这里指代的是presuppositions，与上文对应。17.C 句意：没有两个人具有同样的生命经历。18.D 同上。19.A be likely to很可能做某事。20.A take sth.for granted把某事看作理所当然。.READING COMPREHENSION(30 points)PASSAGE 1Still more complex forms of realistic thinking seem to occur when tasksare presented in which the goal is impossible(or very difficult)to achievedirectly.In such situations,people commonly appear to pass throughintermediate stages of exploring and organizing their resources;in-deed,onemay first need to exert himself in understanding the problem itself before hecan begin to seek possible directions toward a solution.Familiar examples ofproblem-solving tasks include anagrams(e.g.,rearrange“lpepa”to spell“apple”);mathematical problems;mechanical puzzles;verbal“brain teasers”(e.g.,Is it legal for a man to marry his widows sister?);and,in a morepractical sense,design and construction problems.Also of interest are issuesof human relations,games,a