北京第二外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2012年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2013年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2014年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2012年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、将下列短语译成英语1红楼梦【答案】A Dream of Red Mansions2寿桃【答案】Peach-Shaped Mantou（Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling）3春卷【答案】spring roll4国有企业【答案】state-owned enterprise5国库券【答案】treasury bond6国家外汇储蓄【答案】foreign exchange savings7综合国力【答案】comprehensive national strength8义务教育【答案】compulsory education9温带大陆性气候【答案】temperate continental climate10短篇小说【答案】short story11科幻片【答案】science fiction film12污水处理【答案】sewage treatment13海峡两岸关系【答案】Cross-Strait relations14新闻发布会【答案】press conference;news briefing15扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand二、将下列短语译成汉语1CBD【答案】中央商务区(Central Business District)2Gaza strip【答案】加沙地带3anti-dumping measures【答案】反倾销措施4Hubble Space Telescope【答案】哈勃太空望远镜5activated carbon【答案】活性炭6Blu-ray disc【答案】蓝光光碟7HIV carrier【答案】艾滋病毒携带者8government procurement【答案】政府采购业务9deposit reserve ratio【答案】存款准备金率10insurance company【答案】保险公司三、将下列篇章译成汉语1关键词：American colleges application,City University of New York,tuition free.原文大意：讲美国大学申请，说到大学的受欢迎程度，而这个CityUniversity of New York 以前不怎么有人申请的学校这次却很多人申请，它的条件不好，缺这个缺那个还没有宿舍。这所大学推出了一个吸引优秀学生的项目，1100多优秀学生能够享受免费教育，还能得到一笔7500美金的补助和一台笔记本电脑，然后今年申请 early admission 的人数占了70%。2关键词：E-waste,take back and recycle of old mobile phones,disposingof computers,monitors,printers,eliminating and limiting of chemicals.原文大意：关于电子垃圾的处理，说这个问题已经越来越成为一个严重的环境问题了，还有什么欧盟表态，什么机构又要限制化学元素和有毒物质在原料中的使用，还说到一个lobby group正在进行一个关于回收旧手机的campaign。四、将下列篇章译成英语1前辈的学者常常以学问的趣味启迪后生，因为他们实在是得到了学问的趣味，故不惜现身说法，诱导后辈，使他们在愉快的心情之下走进学说的大门。例如，梁任公先生（梁启超）就说过：“我是个主张趣味主义的人，倘若用化学划分梁启超这件东西，把里头一种元素名叫趣味的抽出来，只怕所剩下的仅有个零了。”任公先生注重趣味，学问甚是渊博，故能有他那样的成就。一个人在学问上果能感觉到趣味，有时真会像着了魔一般，真能废寝忘食，真能不知老之将至，苦苦钻研，锲而不止。在学问上焉能不有收获？【参考译文】Scholars of the older generation often urge young people to develop interestin learning because they themselves have been enjoying the real pleasure ofacademic studies.And they are ever ready to cite their own example by wayof advice,in hopes of enabling young people to gain access to scholarship inan enjoyable way.For example,the distinguished scholar Liang Qichao oncesaid wittily,“I always stand for interest-ism.If you broke down LiangQichaos stuff into its component parts,there would be nothing left except anelement named interest.”Mr.Liang was a man of profound learning whoattached much importance to interest.He attained great academic successbecause he pursued scholarly study solely for its own sake,without anyulterior motive.A man who is really interested in learning sometimes doesact like one possessed.He forgets his approaching old age and works hardeven to the neglect of his meals and sleep.Isnt it but natural for a man ofsuch devotion to have great scholarly achievements?（译文摘自张培基英译中国散文选一）2介绍西藏的。地热，太阳能，风能丰富，东部还有丰富的森林资源，西藏是中国五大草场之一，经济支柱是农业也畜牧业，还有大麦、豌豆、黄麻等等。雪山冰川，蜿蜒的河流，广阔的草原，迷人的寺庙，有自己的宗教文化和文化习俗。旅游胜地有布达拉宫，大昭寺，扎什伦布寺，位于南部的吉堆吐蕃墓群。2013年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、将下列短语译成英语1双重国籍【答案】dual nationality2豆浆【答案】Soybean Milk3总统候选人【答案】presidential candidate4国民生产总值【答案】Gross National Product5白马王子【答案】Prince Charming6世界文化遗产【答案】World Cultural Heritage7营业执照【答案】business license8害群之马【答案】black sheep9公共设施【答案】Public facilities10国际日期变更线【答案】the International Date Line11居留权【答案】right of residence/abode12中国科学院【答案】Chinese Academy of Sciences13中国革命历史博物馆【答案】the Museum of the Chinese Revolution14领土完整【答案】territorial integrity15搬迁户【答案】relocated households二、将下列短语译成汉语1Principle of reciprocity【答案】互惠原则2local peoples procurator【答案】地方人民检查院3magnetically levitated train【答案】磁悬浮列车4three-point shot percentage【答案】三分球命中率5National Space station【答案】国家空间站6defense budget【答案】国防预算7the crime of dereliction of duty【答案】渎职罪8gender gap【答案】性别差异9unemployment benefit【答案】失业津贴；失业补助10NASA【答案】（美国）国家航空与航天局11bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation【答案】双边和多边经济合作12multilateral international convention【答案】多边国际公约三、篇章翻译英译汉：讲了2004年的印度洋海啸（也引发了地震，我发现北二外老爱考地震，翻译硕士英语的第三篇阅读也是关于地震的），开篇有几个生词，不过难度不大。汉译英：讲的是有关个体性的，人的经验随着知识增长，宽容随着经验增长。2014年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成英语1中国科学院【答案】Chinese Academy of Sciences2教育部【答案】Ministry of Education3知识产权【答案】intellectual property right4全球定位系统【答案】Global Positioning System（GPS）5宪法修正案【答案】constitution amendment6反倾销措施【答案】anti-dumping measures7全国人民代表大会【答案】National Peoples Congress二、将下列短语译成汉语1North American Free Trade Zone【答案】北美自由贸易区2IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织3non-performing loan【答案】不良贷款；非营运贷款4Grant Contract of Land Use Rights【答案】土地使用权的出让合同5forest coverage【答案】森林覆盖率三、将下列篇章译成汉语Media outlets in the UK went berserk over the arrival of the royal baby.Reporters camped for days outside the hospital where the Duchess ofCambridge stayed;TV presenters spent prime time slots speculating on thebabys name or when it would ascend the throne;tabloid newspaper The Suneven changed its masthead to“The Son”on the day the royal birth wasannounced.But many were irritated by the intense media coverage.Satirical newsmagazine Private Eye printed one simple sentence in bold letters on its cover:“Woman Has Baby”,to ridicule other media outlets frenzy over an event theeditors considered to be non-news.The Guardians website featured a“republican”button to make all talk of the royal baby disappear for non-Royalist readers.Following the initial excitement,many wonder if it isnt a bit silly to pay somuch attention to one privileged family.But the UKs republicans are takingit a step further they argue that the British monarchy should be abolishedaltogether.This is not a new argument and to many it makes a lot of sense:The UK is ademocracy,therefore the role of the royals is largely ceremonial.The royalfamily is also dependent on tax-payers money and no longer represents thishighly diversified country.【参考译文】不久前，英国各大媒体为王室宝宝的到来而狂热不已。记者们在凯特王妃入住的医院外驻扎多日，电视主持人们则占用黄金时段来推测宝宝的名字和继承王位的时间。英国小报太阳报(The Sun)甚至在王室宝宝诞生当天将其报头改成了太子报(The Son)。然而，媒体铺天盖地的报道令许多人大为光火。批判性新闻杂志侦探仅在其封面印上寥寥几个粗体字：“王妃生了”，以调侃其他媒体对此次非新闻性事件的狂热。卫报则在其网站上添加了“共和党人”的按钮，为“非保皇派”用户自动屏蔽关于王室宝宝诞生的话题。最初的狂喜过后，许多人开始思考对一个特权家族投入过多的关注是否有些可笑。而更有甚者，英国共和党人士声称应该废除君主制。这一争论由来已久，很多人也认为这样做合情合理：英国是民主国家，因此王室更多扮演的是礼仪性的角色。同时，王室的开销还要靠纳税人来买单，它也不再能够代表一个如此多元化的国家。四、将下列篇章译成英语我以为，从生物学角度看，人的一生恰如诗歌。人生自有其韵律和节奏，自有内在的生成与衰亡。人生始于无邪的童年，经过少年的青涩，带着激情与无知，理想与雄心，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深，收益也渐大；及至中年，人生的紧张得以舒缓，人的性格日渐成熟，如芳馥之果实，如醇美之佳酿，更具容忍之心，处世虽更悲观，但对人生的态度趋于和善；再后来就是人生迟暮，内分泌系统活动减少，若此时吾辈已经悟得老年真谛，并据此安排残年，那生活将和平，宁静，安详而知足；终于，生命之烛摇曳而终熄灭，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。人生有童年、少年和老年，谁也不能否认这是一种美好的安排，一天要有清晨、正午和日落，一年要有四季之分，如此才好。人生本无好坏之分，只是各个季节有各自的好处。如若我们持此种生物学的观点，并循着季节去生活，除了狂妄自大的傻瓜和无可救药的理想主义者，谁能说人生不能像诗一般度过呢。莎翁在他的一段话中形象地阐述了人生分七个阶段的观点，很多中国作家也说过类似的话。奇怪的是，莎士比亚并不是虔诚的宗教徒，也不怎么关心宗教。我想这正是他的伟大之处，他对人生秉承着顺其自然的态度，他对生活之事的干涉和改动很少，正如他对戏剧人物那样。莎翁就像自然一样，这是我们能给作家或思想家的最高褒奖。对人生，他只是一路经历着，观察着，离我们远去了。（选自林语堂的人生就像一首诗）【参考译文】I think that,from a biological standpoint,human life almost reads like apoem.It has its own rhythm and beat,its internal cycles of growth and decay.It begins with innocent childhood,followed by awkward adolescence tryingawkwardly to adapt itself to mature society,with its young passions andfollies,its ideals and ambitions;then it reaches a manhood of intenseactivities,profiting from experience and learning more about society andhuman nature;at middle age,there is a slight easing of tension,a mellowingof character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine,and thegradual acquiring of a more tolerant,more cynical and at the same time akindlier view of life;then In the sunset of our life,the endocrine glandsdecrease their activity,and if we have a true philosophy of old age and haveordered our life pattern according to it,it is for us the age of peace andsecurity and leisure and contentment;finally,life flickers out and one goesinto eternal sleep,never to wake up again.No one can say that life with childhood,manhood and old age is not abeautiful arrangement;the day has its morning,noon and sunset,and the yearhas its seasons,and it is good that it is so.There is no good or bad in life,except what is good according to its own season.And if we take thisbiological view of life and try to live according to the seasons,no one but aconceited fool or an impossible idealist can deny that human life can be livedlike a poem.Shakespeare has expressed this idea more graphically in hispassage about the seven stages of life,and a good many Chinese writers havesaid about the same thing.It is curious that Shakespeare was never veryreligious,or very much concerned with religion.I think this was hisgreatness;he took human life largely as it was,and intruded himself as littleupon the general scheme of things as he did upon the characters of his plays.Shakespeare was like Nature itself,and that is the greatest compliment wecan pay to a writer or thinker.He merely lived,observed life and went away.2015年北京第二外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成英语1中庸【答案】The Doctrine of the Mean2音译【答案】transliteration3颐和园【答案】the Summer Palace4目的语【答案】target language5不可再生资源【答案】non-renewable resources6中国科学院【答案】Chinese Academy of Sciences7地方人民检察院【答案】Local Peoples Procuratorate8领土完整【答案】territorial integrity9货到付款【答案】cash on delivery10对外贸易经济合作部【答案】Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation（MOFTEC）11洋务运动【答案】Westernization Movement12中国国际广播电台【答案】China Radio International（CRI）13改革重点【答案】the focus of reform14转变政府职能【答案】transform government function15宪法修正案【答案】constitution amendment二、将下列短语译成汉语1Express Mail Service【答案】邮政特快专递2Waterloo Bridge【答案】魂断蓝桥3Gross National Product【答案】国民总产值4Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries【答案】石油输出国组织5Minister Counselor【答案】公使；公使参赞6Ecological Deterioration【答案】生态恶化；生态退化7Third-party Involvement【答案】第三方介入8International Football Federation【答案】国际足球联合会9Non-aligned Movement【答案】不结盟运动10the House Of Representative【答案】众议院11International Atomic Energy Agency【答案】国际原子能结构12Direct Dial Telephone【答案】直拨电话13Intelligence Quotient【答案】智商14Computer Assisted Design【答案】计算机辅助设计15Federal Bureau of Investigation【答案】联邦调查统计局三、将下列篇章译成汉语It is hard to eulogize any man-to capture in words not just the facts and thedates that make a life,but the essential truth of a person-their private joysand sorrows;the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminatesomeones soul.How much harder to do so for a giant of history,who moveda nation toward justice,and in the process moved billions around the world.Born during World War I,far from the corridors of power,a boy raisedherding cattle and tutored by the elders of his Thembu tribe,Madiba wouldemerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century.Like Gandhi,he wouldlead a resistance movemen-a movement that at its start had little prospect forsuccess.Like Dr.King,he would give potent voice to the claims of theoppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice.He would endure a brutalimprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev,andreached the final days of the Cold War.Emerging from prison,without theforce of arms,he would-like Abraham Lincoln-hold his country togetherwhen it threatened to break apart.And like Americas Founding Fathers,hewould erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations-a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election,but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.Given the sweep of his life,the scope of his accomplishments,the adorationthat he so rightly earned,its tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandelaas an icon,smiling and serene,detached from the tawdry affairs of lessermen.But Madiba himself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait.(Applause.)Instead,Madiba insisted on sharing with us his doubts and hisfears;his miscalculations along with his victories.“I am not a saint,”he said,“unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”【参考译文】概括任何人的生死荣辱都很难做到言至意达，借助于言词，不仅罗列一生的事实和日期，而且需要揭示一个人的内心深处他们个人的欢乐和悲伤；静默的时刻和照亮某些人灵魂的独特品质。对于名垂史册的一位伟人，曾率领一个国家追求正义，并且在这个过程中感动了全世界亿万民众，历数这一生的尊荣尤为不易。“马迪巴”出生在第一次世界大战期间，远离权豪势要，儿时靠放牛维生，接受腾布部落长者的教诲，日后成为20世纪最后一位伟大的解放者。他与甘地一样，后来成为抵抗运动的领导人最初很少有成功希望的一场运动。他与金博士一样，使被压迫者的诉求得到强有力的声张，为种族正义的道义使命发出了强大的声音。他经历了残酷的监禁，在肯尼迪和赫鲁晓夫时期开始身陷囹圄，直到冷战结束之时。出狱后，他在没有军队的情况下与亚伯拉罕林肯一样，在国家即将分裂之际维护了国家的完整。他与美国的开国元勋一样，为了保持今后世世代代的自由建立了宪法秩序坚持民主和法治，不仅因为他的当选，而且也因为他愿意在完成一个任期后放弃权力。纵观他的一生，回顾他取得的一切成就、他当之无愧获得的敬仰，我认为可以说纳尔逊曼德拉是一位彪炳青史的人物，人们应该缅怀千载。他笑容可掬，面目安详，具有常人不具备的超尘拔俗的气质。然而，“马迪巴”本人强烈抵制这种刻板的形象。（掌声）相反，“马迪巴”坚持要我们知道他的疑惑和恐惧，了解他在走向胜利的道路上做出了哪些错误的估计。“我不是圣人，”他如是说，“除非你们认为圣人也会犯错，也需要不断尝试。”四、将下列篇章译成英语过去一年里,数字化取得了长足的进展,数字时代距离我们越来越近。从某种意义上讲,我们在任何地方都可以看到数字时代的影子。在摄影方面,过去一年美国人共拍摄了20亿张数码照片,65%的家庭用上了数码相机。在互联网方面,全球互联网普及率越来越高,越来越多的活动开始通过网络进行,包括购买和销售、规划或创新等等.将Windows PC和其它设备连接在一起的互联网已经逐步成为人们日常生活的重要组成部分。美国40%以上的家庭都拥有多台个人计算机,很多年轻人用于计算机的时间已经超过了电视。这无疑是一个巨大的变化我们看到,移动设备一直保持着迅猛的增长势头,在PC市场所占比例越来越大。我们还看到,以Wi-Fi和 3G为主的连接日益普及,用户在任何地方都可以访问需要的信息。这还只是“冰山的一角”,未来我们有望取得更大的进展。因为随着市场规模不断扩大,将有更多新兴公司跻身这一市场,大公司也将在这一领域投入更多研发预算。在不久的将来,我们可以工作得更好,也可以更好地工作。未来将会怎样,我们距离未来还有多远的距离?事实上,我们已经拥有了很多令人难以置信的新产品,它们就预示着未来。例如,数码相机的像素已经超过了600万；高分辨率的电视屏幕挂在墙上后就像是一幅画,与传统电视屏幕简直是天壤之别；与此同时,电视已经可以连接到PC和游戏机,给我们带来了全新的体验和令人惊叹的视觉效果；网络带宽不断增大,传输高清晰信号已经不再是一个梦想；处理器已经进入64位时代,而且完全兼容32位应用,不需要用户投入额外资金。（节选自盖茨CES 2007开幕演讲稿）【参考译文】Its amazing to see the progress over the course of the year,and truly theDigital Decade is happening.We see it everywhere we look.We see it inphotography over 2 billion digital photos were taken this last year;65 percentof homes are using digital cameras.We see it in the Internet adoption,higherand higher penetration on a worldwide basis,and more and more activitythere,whether its buying and selling,or whether its planning,or beingcreative,the Internet connected up to the Windows PC and other devices istaking over things that would have been done without it before.Over 40percent of U.S.homes now have multiple personal computers.And if youlook at young people,the new generation,they actually spend more time ontheir Windows PC than they spend watching TV.Now thats a prettydramatic change.We see portable devices proliferating,a higher and higher part of the growingPC market.We see the connections,both through Wi-Fi and 3G getting to thepoint where you can get information wherever you want to go.And werejust scratching the surface.More and more can be done because as thismarketplace is extended,the number of startups,the R&D budgets of theestablished companies,all are investing in this global market to do better andbetter work.How do we look at that in the future,what are some of the metrics that wehave here?In fact,we have already incredible devices with very high fidelity.Think about cameras,six megapixels and up.Think about these highdefinition screens that when you buy it you just drool looking at that picture,its such an improvement over the classic TV screen that you used to have,and now it connects up to your high definition cable,to your PC,to yourgames,all those experiences taking advantage of that incredible visualcapability.Network bandwidth has gone up very dramatically,wereavoiding that being a bottleneck,even as were sending high definitionsignals around.The processors are now opening the memory capability up to64-bit,and thats a transition were making without a lot of incompatibility,without paying a lot of extra money.2016年北京第二外国