2023年专八改错技巧总结.docx
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英语专八改错解题思绪 1. 宏观层面分析 (1)句子结构(理顺整个句子的结构,必要时检索上下文) (2)逻辑关系(关联词选择:并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等) (3)时态和语态(完毕时和虚拟语气是考察重点) 2. 微观层面分析 (1)缺漏(介词、代词、引导词) (2)冗余(两个主语、同义反复) (3)误用(词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别) (4)一致性(名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词) (5)词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项 (1)即使按照语感不久找到了疑似错误,也要坚持读完全句再做判断,也许会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。 (2)分两次改比较合理,由于毕竟只有少数人可以在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误,尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 (3)常考题型,高度警惕。 1 冠词:the变a, a变the,补the补a,删a删the,每年都玩的把戏。 2 单复数:无非是his变their之类的,关键是细心。 3 近义词:例如distinct和distinctive,move和movement,interest和interests… 4 反义词:特别看到dis, un, im,in,non之类的,更要琢磨一下。 5 关联词:几乎是保存节目,and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore… 6 非谓语动词:见了ing想ed,见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 7 形容词比较级:多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。 8 虚拟语气:注意一下还是比较容易看出来的,多长个心眼儿吧。 9 It:有时要加,有时要删,有时要变itself,总之多盯“它”几眼。 10动词词组:其实重要是介词的问题,这个没办法临时抱佛脚,要靠积累. 改错: 1、改错虽然为主观题,但错误类型相对集中,可分为以下几种情况: 定冠词:a, an, the误用,甚至多余来;解决办法:分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代; 级:分两类错误,第一种是原级用成比较级,比较级用成最高级,反之亦然。有一种除外,是两者比较谁最佳,可以用最高级;第二种是意思相反,如most改为least; 连词错误:也分两种,第一种为连词误用,应当表达转折的用成了并列,比如while改为and;第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适,更合乎语法;(与逻辑关系也有关,看上下文,联系语境) 词性错误:多余现为形容词转变为副词,反之亦然;也有也许是限定,如adv.+adj.+n.,如下所说;形容词改为动词或名词等,多余现在一词多性的情况下; 形容词限定错误:出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.;若是限定第2个adj.,大多改为副词adv.; 搭配错误:多为介词搭配错误,如in some extent改为to,rely in改为on等;也有搭配词没有给出,需要自己添加,比如define...as; 词义错误:比如:rather than改为other than;(此项比较难) 近义形容词错误:例如:respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected;(此项比较难) 缺失:例如the fact 后面直接接了句子,中间缺少that,表白同位关系; 多余:有的地方莫名其妙多余一个词,多为介词,是没有用的; 词义相反:多余现在形容词,需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否认前缀; 积极被动:分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是积极还是被动,多余现在分句中; 三单:主语与谓语是单数还是复数,主语是否为不可数名词,是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数,还是有特殊用法; 时态:现在时用为过去式,或者进行时用成了现在时等; 定语从句用错先行词:which用成了that;难点儿的比如:for which用成了which,要知道for which=why, in / at which=where;尚有什么情况下必须用that,比如人和物搭配,序数词,the one, the only,不缺任何成分,有否认词,有all等; 以下八大高频考点的分类出自《华研·专八人文知识与改错》,现将八大类错误整理如下,重要涉及:1.短语搭配错误;2.易混词错误;3.逻辑关系错误;4.代词错误(一致错误);5.冠词错误;6.形容词和副词使用错误;7.成分残缺或冗余;8.动词时态或语态错误。 笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误,一方面了解错误类型,相应对改错具有重要意义。 此外,笔者在总结《华研·专八人文知识与改错》和《星火·专八改错满分突破60篇》两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上,搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子(语法词汇类错误居多),并根据所属错误类型整理如下。 (注意:带—>的表达前边的是错误的,后边的是改正之后的;其他的没有对的错误之分) 1.短语搭配错误 (大部分为介词错误) carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things to let alone –> let alone in return to –> in return for the need of –> the need for substitute A with B –> substitute A for B account 70% --> account for 70% under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/that attitude on life –> attitude towards/to life in a quick speed –> at a quick speed with many respects –> in many respects at the face of –> in the face(s) of considerations to… –> considerations for… become victims of … --> become victims to … ride in a train –> ride on a train the problems with the government –> the problems for the government resistive against –> resistive to resistance of –> resistance to embark sth –> embark on sth with the belief that –> in the belief that at advance of sth –> in advance of sth interpret… to –> interpret… as in line to –> in line with to varing degrees –> in varing degrees take pride of –> take pride in leap out to me –> leap out at me inject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strains charge him with the same price –> charge him the same price imbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and B shortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among them fortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…) shed light to sth –> shed light on sth in proportion with –> in proportion to pay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars be in liberty to –> be at liberty to begin at doing –> begin with doing be contrasted to –> be contrasted with commit an offence to –> commit an offence against modern time –> modern times ability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sth defend sth against –> defend sth from at the first place –> in the first place pay money in doing –> pay money for doing take to do –> take to doing (“求助于,开始”,to为介词) yearn to –> yearn for at average –> on average identify oneself to –> identify oneself with be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doing get one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做,认真做) the action of formation –> the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词) approach to do … –> approach to doing … one contributor of –> one contributor to consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goods on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s balk to –> balk at (回避,绕过) differ A from B –> distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sth vary by – vary with emphasis of – emphasis on 2.易混词错误 (1)形近异义词 imaginative – imaginary adapt – adopt confirm – conform former – formal diary – dairy personal – personnel beside – besides principal – principle intelligent – intelligible conscious – conscientious stationary – stationery considerate – considerable affect(影响) – effect(致使、达成) contact – contract moral – morale industrious – industrial desert – dessert require – acquire – inquire presence – presentation sensible – sensitive transformation – transmission value – evaluate tense – tension anything – something cooker – cook complexity(复杂性) – complex(合成体) insurance – assurance provide(提供) – provided/providing(假设,假如) perceive – conceive effective(有效的) – affective(受…影响的,由…引起的) (2)形近(形异)近义词 latter – later late(迟的,已故的) – latest(最晚的,最新的) farther(距离更远) – further(限度更进一步) healthy(健康的) – healthful(有益健康的) effective – efficient continual(连续的) – continuous(连续不断的) respectable – respectful historic – historical rise – arise – raise – arouse sure – insure – ensure – assure in return to – in response to opposite – opposition producing – productive lonely – alone across – cross impressed -- impressive permit(n.通行证) – permission relating – related memorizing – memorable normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) – norm(规范,行为标准) favorite – favorable acceptability – acceptance economical – economic few – little a few – few little – a little invent – discover before – ago another – other agent(代理人) – agency(代理机构) reward(回馈) – award(奖赏) special – specific (3)兼有两种形式的副词 firstly – first (firstly用于列举条目或者表达顺序,first表达时间上“第一次、初次”) hardly(几乎不) – hard(努力地) sure – surely late – lately clear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地) high(高度高地) – highly(限度高地、非常) close(接近地、紧密地) – closely(紧密地、严密地) most(最) – most(大部分) (4)反义词 with – without possible – impossible subjective – objective import – export better – worse employee – employer employment – unemployment modifiable – unmodifiable natural – unnatural discernable – indiscernable lent – borrowed exclusive – inclusive independency – dependency willing – unwilling nothing more than – nothing less than agree – disagree rarely – frequently / often specific – general less – more (still more– still less) most – least known – unknown respective – irrespective (irrespective of表达“不管…”) majority – minority result in – result from fortunately – unfortunately powerful – powerless easiness – uneasiness professional – amateur aware – unaware include – exclude (5) 名词单复数异义 moral – morals(作名词时用复数形式,表达“道德、伦理”) collection(不可数名词表达“各种因素集合体”) – collections(可数名词表达“收藏品”) manner(方法,方式) – manners(礼仪,礼节) saving – savings(复数表达“存款”) specie(硬币) – species(种类)(species只有单数) mean(n.平均值) – means(方法) (6) 易混短语 live with(同…一起生活,忍受) – live by(靠…过活) go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) – go around(四处走动,绕道走) tend to – intend to in next week(以当下时间为基准点) – in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点) spend… in doing sth – spend… on sth die of(内部) – die from(外部) rather than – other than have sb do sth – have sth done take on(从事,开始对付,呈现) – go on(继续) take place – take the place of consist in(在于) – consist of(涉及) in all(总共) – after all(毕竟) in return(作为报答) – in turn(反过来,轮流) one reason for +短语 – one reason why +句子 bring out(使显露,使显现) – bring up(教育,培养,提出,(船)到达目的地) be worth doing – be worthwhile to do react to(对…作出反映) – react with(以…作出反映) apply… to(将…应用于) – apply for(请求,申请) 3.逻辑关系错误(连词使用错误) therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然) and – but / while or – and but – because moreover – however after – before since – although there is no…– there is also… that – if from now on – from then on all – none besides – yet if – unless besides – except therefore – because so – because so does he… – neither/nor does he… that’s why +结果 – that’s because +因素 as if – even if whether – if 4.代词错误(一致错误) their – its that – those (需要特别注意) which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that) which – what it – itself (主宾相同,宾语用反身代词) that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语) his – one’s (泛指时用one) you – yourself it – they this – such XX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today 5.冠词错误 (1)定冠词多余 on the either side –> on either side in the Europe –> inEurope in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词) Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系,不必使用冠词) take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议,不批准) (2)定冠词缺漏 among most –> among the most one of first –> one of the first atmosphere –> the atmosphere(表达独一无二的事物)(此外尚有如:the Equator, the Outerspace) between us and rest –> between us and the rest in minority –> in the minority around floor –> around the floor piano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词) English language –> the English language at heart of –> at the heart of world –> the world(表达“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词) in long run –> in the long run (3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用 illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及) 注意以下短语的区别 in church – in the church at college – at the college in court – in the court in hospital – in the hospital in office – in the office in prison – in the prison at sea – at the sea in school – in the school at table – at the table 6.形容词与副词使用错误 have been currently –> current be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized spread colossal –> spread colossally similar strong –> similarly strong keep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a year feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion (quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes as much as –> as often as from one meter afar –> from one meter away increasing –> increasingly simple –> simply pure –> purely much –> many many –> more large –> largerearly –> earlier 7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误) a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get… shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语,关系代词不可省略) take for granted that –> take it for grated that 1980 –1980s one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms their jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表达“占用(某人时间),吸引(某人注意力)”) complain about sth –> complain sth work sth –> work out sth believe in –believe (believe单独使用表达一般的“相信”,believe in表达“信任某人,信仰…”) point sth –> point out sth 20 percents –> 20 percent eyes contact –> eye contact seven – seventh the process which it function –> the process by which it function communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务) average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词) the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的) be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX be viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时,为可数名词) 8.时态或语态错误 went – go agreeing – agreed consisted – consisting bored – boring favoring – favored if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句) involves – involving will – would (虚拟语气中) delaying – delayed (已完毕概念或者被动概念) the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完毕概念或者被动概念) assure – assures (第三人称单数) have – has (要看清句子真正的主语) developing – developed confronting – confronted the least understanding –> the least understood what the have told – what they have been told if circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable- 配套讲稿:
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